XTR Consulting: A SOHO Network with Dedicated ServersCSIE/ycliaw/BDC/01_Introduction_1B.pdf ·...

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XTR Consulting: A SOHO Networkwith Dedicated Servers

Chapter 1b

Panko’sBusiness Data Networks and Telecommunications, 5th editionCopyright 2005 Prentice-Hall

2Figure 1b-1: XTR Consulting’s NetworkVersus Pat Lee’s Network

Pat Lee’s HomeNetwork

XTR Consulting’sSmall Office Network

Number of Client PCs 2 PCs Plus aNotebook PC

17 User PCs

File Service Peer-to-Peer Dedicated Server Systems Administration

Access Router andEthernet Switch

Combined Separate BoxesAccess Router Has Firewall

Print Service Peer-to-Peer Print Servers

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3Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service VersusDedicated Servers

Peer-to-Peer NetworksClients serving other clients

Inexpensive--no need to purchase a dedicated server

Operational problems for other users if a user PC isturned off or crashes

Poor security: No password or shared password forshared directories

4Figure 1b-2: Peer-to-Peer Service VersusDedicated Servers, Continued

Server Technology

PC Servers and Network Operating Systems(NOSs)

Standard PC architectures butMore RAM

Large and fast hard disk drives

Redundant power supplies andfans

Multiple processors(multiprocessing) PC Server

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Server TechnologyPC Servers and NetworkOperating Systems (NOSs)

Network operatingsystems (NOSs) areserver operating systemsthat have more functionsand reliability than clientoperating systems

NOS forPC Server


Server TechnologyWorkstation Servers

Fast (and expensive) custommicroprocessors for an expensive computerUnix

Extremely reliableDifficult to learnNot standardized

Unix

Sun Workstations Server

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Server TechnologyMainframe Servers

Faster, more reliable, and more expensive thanworkstation servers

Require a large systems programming staff

SystemsProgrammers

Mainframe


Server TechnologyServer Farms

Group of PC servers or workstation servers

HTTP-1 HTTP-2 HTTP-3 FTP-1

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9Figure 1b-3: Server Farm with Load-Balancing Router

Load-BalancingRouter

HTTP-1 HTTP-2 HTTP-3 FTP-1

Load-balancingrouter selectshost on the

basis ofload and

applicationssupportedby the host

10Figure 1b-3: Server Farm with Load-BalancingRouter, Continued

Benefits of Server Farms

ScalabilityAdd server capacity as needed

ReliabilityIf one server fails, system continues to work withslightly less processing power

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11Figure 1b-4: Popular PC Server NetworkOperating Systems (NOSs)

MicrosoftWindows Server LINUX Novell NetWare

Ease of Learning Very Good Poor Good

Ease of Use Very Good Poor Good

Reliability Very Good in recent versions Excellent Very Good

Standardization

Availability ofDevice Drivers

Purchase Price

Excellent

Excellent

Moderate

Poor (ManyDistributions)

Poor

Low or Free

Excellent

Very Good

Higher thanWindows

ManagementLabor Moderate High Higher than

Windows

12Figure 1b-5: Microsoft Windows 2003Server User Interface

3.Explorer,Recycle

Bin

4. Can Run Client Windows Programs

1.Start

Button 2.All Programs

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13Figure 1b-5: Microsoft Windows 2003Server User Interface, Continued

1.Most Administrative Tools

Are Accessed Via

Start / Administrative Tools(Individual Tools)

2.Or Via

Start / Manage Your Server(Wizard)

14Figure 1b-6: Microsoft ManagementConsole

3. 4.

Individual toolsare organizedas MicrosoftManagement

Consoles (MMCs),which havea fixed basic

organization, togive ease of

learning

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15Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions

Accounts

Have usernames and passwords

Accounts are assigned permissions in directories

Whether the account holder can go to a directoryat all

What the account holder can do in the directoryif permitted to go there

16Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions,Continued

Microsoft Windows Permissions

No PermissionsCannot even see the directory

List Folder ContentsAllows the account owner to see the contents of afolder (directory)

ReadRead-only access. Without further permissions,the account owner cannot change the files

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Microsoft Windows PermissionsWrite

Edit the contents of files

ModifyGives additional permissions to act upon files, forexample the permission to delete a file, which isnot included in Write

Read and ExecuteAccount can run a program


Microsoft Windows PermissionsFull Control

Is an omnibus permission. It is equal to all of theabove permissions

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Unix PermissionsRead (only)

Write

Execute (run programs)


WindowsList folder contents

Read

Write

Modify

Read and Execute

Full Control

Granular for preciseaccess control

UnixRead

Write

Execute

Crude access control

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Windows can assigndifferent permissions fora file or directory to

Many different individualaccounts

Many different groupaccounts

Unix can only assigndifferent permissions fora file or directory to

The owner

One group

Everyone else

Flexible access control Inflexible access control

22Figure 1b-7: Managing Access Permissions,Continued: Recap

Windows

6 major permissions

Can assign differentpermissions to manyindividuals andgroups

Highly flexible

Unix

Only 3 majorpermissions

Can only assign differentpermissions to the owner,one group, and the restof the world

Highly inflexible

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Administrator Account in WindowsNecessary for systems administration

Systems administration is the management ofone or more serversNot necessarily all servers

Dangerous in terms of securityHas all permissions in all directories

Comparable account in Unix is root


Reducing the Work of Assigning Permissions toAll Accounts in All Directories

GroupsAssign permissions to groups; all group membersreceive the permissionFaster than assigning permission to individuals

Group:MarketingWrite

In MarketingDirectory

Ochoa

Chen

Williams

WriteIn Marketing

Directory

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Reducing the Work of Assigning PermissionsInheritance: permissions are inherited bysubdirectories to reduce permission assignmentwork

Public Directory

TrainingMapsPolicies

Personnel Discipline

Group Everyone Gets Read

ReadRead Read

ReadNo Inheritance

26Figure 1b-8: Assigning DirectoryPermissions in Windows Server 2003

1.SelectedDirectory

3. User or Group(Power Users)

4. PowerUser

Permissions

5.

2. 6.

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27Figure 1b-9: File Service for Data Files

Save

Retrieve

User A User B User C

No Access

File Server with Programand Data Files

28Figure 1b-10: File Server Program Access

1.ProgramStored onFile Server File

Server

2.Program

Downloadedto Client PCWhen Called

3.ProgramExecuted

onClient PC

Client PC

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29Figure 1b-11: File Server Program Accessand Program Installation

2. Programdownloaded to

Client PCswhen called

1. Programis installedonly once,on a fileserver

FileServer

Client PC

Client PC3. No need

to installon eachclient PC

3. No needto installon eachclient PC

4.This process greatly reduces

software installation andupgrading costs

30Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation

Hub orSwitch

Client PC

UTP up to100 m Print

Server Printer

Parallel or USB Cable1-2 meters

Print server feeds print jobs to the printer

Print server connects to printer viaparallel or USB cable,so only 1-2 meters from the printer

Print server connects to port on switch via UTP,so maximum distance to switch is 100 meters

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31Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation, Continued

Hub orSwitch

Client PC

Network-CapablePrinter

(with built-inprint server)

UTP up to 100 m


Server Printer

Parallel Cable1-2 meters

Some high-end printersare network-capable,with built-in print servers

Connect directly to the switch

32Figure 1b-12: Print Server Operation, Continued

Hub orSwitch

UTP upto 100 m

Client PC

Printer

File Server acting as Print Server


Server Printer

1-2m

Parallel Cable1-2 meters

File servers can act as print servers;But file servers are rarely near users

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33Figure 1b-13: Print Server (Photo)

RJ-45Port

Parallelor USB

Port

PowerSupply

Port

Parallel or USBCable to PrinterRJ-45 Cord

to Switch Port

34Topics Covered

Dedicated Servers

PC servers, workstation servers, andmainframes

Server farms and load-balancing routers

NOSs for PC servers: Windows Server, Linux(a version of Unix), and NetWare

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35Topics Covered

Accounts, usernames, and permissions

Windows versus Unix permissions

Server farms and load-balancing routers

NOSs for PC servers: Windows Server, Linux,and NetWare

Groups and automatic inheritance

36Topics Covered

File ServersSharing data files

File server program access

Print ServersBetween the switch and the printer

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