IEEE DREL Workshop 20 June 2002 Brad Gandee XrML Standards Evangelist
XRML Syntax and Automated Form Processing 2001. 3. 3 IIS/EC Lab Mye M. Sohn.
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XRML Syntax and Automated Form Processing 2001. 3. 3 IIS/EC Lab Mye M. Sohn
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Transcript of XRML Syntax and Automated Form Processing 2001. 3. 3 IIS/EC Lab Mye M. Sohn.
XRML Syntax and Automated Form
Processing
2001. 3. 3
IIS/EC LabMye M. Sohn
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Table of ContentsTable of Contents
1. Introduction
2. XRML Syntax 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML
2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)
2.3 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
2.4 Rule Identification Language (RIL)
3. Application of Automated Form Processing
4. Conclusion
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1. Introduction1. Introduction
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Advent of XMLAdvent of XML
Standard communication format across the Internet.
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
However, exchanged data is insufficient for rule processing which is involved with workflow system.
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Workflow SystemWorkflow System
So we need the rule exchange scheme on workflow system, which can be understood expert system agents.
XRML(Extensible Rule Markup Language)
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Definition of XRMLDefinition of XRML Extensible Rule Markup Language (XRML) extension of XML with additional capabilities
of structured rule exchange and interact with ESA and human on intranet workflow system.
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2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML
2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)
2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL)
2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
2. XRML Syntax2. XRML Syntax
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2.1 Overall Architecture of 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRMLXRML
Expert System Agent
RBInference
Engine
InferenceEngine
XML/RIL
RTL in FormsObject Type Forms
AnswerTriggerInquiry
Workflow
Consistency
Transform
RSL
KnowledgeEngineer
XML/HTML
KnowledgeEditor
HTML Forms
Call
Web Browser XRML
Parser
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2.2 Rule Structure Language 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)(RSL)
Automation of the decision making on workflow
Structured rule exchange is essential
To do so, we design Rule Structure Language (RSL) which can represent rule structure in markup syntax.
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RSL RepresentationRSL Representation<?xml version="1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform1.xsl"?><!DOCTYPE rsl SYSTEM "bc.dtd"><rsl> <RSLRuleGroupTitle>Budgetary Constraints for research fund</RSLRuleGroupTitle> <rslrule> <RSLRuleTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RSLRuleTitle> <RSLRuleBody>
<IF><statement> <l.parn>(</l.parn>
<rel.operator>AND</rel.operator> <l.parn>(</l.parn>
<l.parn>(</l.parn> <var>budgetary_source</var> <operator> IS </operator> <value>type _P_research_fund</value> <r.parn>)</r.parn> </statement> <statement> …… </statement></IF><THEN>
<statement> …… </statement></THEN>
</RSLRuleBody> </rslrule></rsl>
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DTD of RSLDTD of RSL<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!ELEMENT rsl (RSLRuleGroupTitle, rslrule)><!ELEMENT RSLRuleGroupTitle (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT rslrule (RSLRuleTitle, RSLRuleBody)><!ELEMENT RSLRuleTitle (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT RSLRuleBody (IF, THEN)>
<!ELEMENT IF (statement)+><!ELEMENT THEN (statement)+><!ELEMENT statement (l.parn|rel.operator|operator|r.parn|value|var)+><!ELEMENT l.parn (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT operator (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT r.parn (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT rel.operator (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT value (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT var (#PCDATA)>
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BNF of RSL ruleBNF of RSL rule<RSL_Rule> ::= (<RSL> <RSLRulegroupTitle>(rulegrouptitle literal)</RSLRulegroupTitle> <RSLRule>statement {statement} </RSLRule> </RSL>)
statement ::= <RSLRuleTitle>(ruletitle literal)</RSLRuleTitle> <RSLRuleBody> <IF> conditions</IF> <THEN> statement </THEN> </RSLRuleBody>
conditions ::= AND (statement IS|<operator> statement>| OR (statement IS|<operator> statement)|NIL {AND (statement IS|<operator> statement)| OR (statement IS|<operator> statement)|NIL} statement ::= <var>literal</var>|<val>literal</val><operator >::= >=|<=|=
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XSL (Extensible Stylesheet XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)Language)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format"><xsl:output method="html"/><xsl:template match="/"><html><head><title><xsl:value-of select="//rslrule/RSLRuleTitle"/></title></head>
<body><h1><xsl:value-of select="//RSLRuleGroupTitle"/></h1><h2><xsl:value-of select="//rslrule/RSLRuleTitle"/></h2><xsl:text>IF</xsl:text><xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/IF/type1sentence"><xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="rel.operator"/><xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="l.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="var"/><xsl:value-of select="operator"/><xsl:value-of select="value"/><xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/><br/></xsl:for-each>
<xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/IF"><xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="r.parn"/></xsl:for-each>
<xsl:text>THEN </xsl:text><xsl:for-each select="/rsl/rslrule/RSLRuleBody/THEN/sentence"><xsl:value-of select="s.l.parn"/><xsl:value-of select="var"/><xsl:value-of select="operator"/><xsl:value-of select="value"/><xsl:value-of select="s.r.parn"/><br/></xsl:for-each></body></html></xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
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Illustrative HTML on Illustrative HTML on BrowserBrowser
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Advantages of RSLAdvantages of RSL
RSL Structured Rule Interchange format on
Internet
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2.3 Rule Identification 2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL)Language (RIL)
To aid human agent’s knowledge processing, rule which is represented RSL should be converted to unstructured HTML.
Rule Identification Language (RIL)
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Design of RILDesign of RIL
RIL is component of XRML which can identify the relevant rule and contingency variable in unstructured HTML .
Rule title may be viewed as pointer that point out the relevant RSL
Contingency Variables The RSL should be reconstructed by change of variabl
es in RIL and vice versa.
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RIL RepresentationRIL Representation
<?xml version="1.0"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="transform2.xsl"?><!DOCTYPE ril SYSTEM "ril.dtd"><ril> <RILHeader> <RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle> <RILHeader> <RILBody> If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund </val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val> and <val>expenses for data collection</val> </RILBody></ril>
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DTD of RILDTD of RIL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!ELEMENT RILBody (#PCDATA | val | var)*>
<!ELEMENT RILHeader (RILTitle)>
<!ELEMENT RILTitle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ril (RILHeader, RILBody)>
<!ELEMENT val (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT var (#PCDATA)>
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Display for Human’s Display for Human’s ComprehensionComprehension
.
Pointing to RSL
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Advantages of RILAdvantages of RIL
Aid human agent’s Knowledge Processing Conversion of XRML (including Rule Identification Languag
e) to XML/HTML
Maintain Consistency between Rule Base and Web
page Aid the extraction(semi-automatically) of rules from XML m
aintaining consistency between them
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2.4 Rule Triggering 2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)Language (RTL)
Intelligent agent’s knowledge processing against web client
To perform the rule processing, form of workflow can trigger the ESA which can give adequate inference results.
Rule Triggering Language (RTL)
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Representation of RTLRepresentation of RTL
New attributes type can be created in the form
Representation of the attributes in grammatical form which is represent not only relevant rule, but also returned result that is selected among inference results.
Suggestion of variables and values that describe attribute types.
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BNF of RTLBNF of RTL<RTL_attribute> ::= <RTL>
<RuleGroup> (rule_group_title literal)</RuleGroup> <RuleTitle>(rule_title literal)</RuleTitle>
<Condition>
<trigger_attribute>(attribute_name literal {literal})
</trigger_attribute>
<access>access_var</access>
<when>invoke_time</when>
</Condition>
<ReturnedResult> description </ReturnedResult>
</RTL>
access_var ::= new-value|new-values|get-value|get_values|delete-value|
delete-values|add-value|add-values invoke_time ::= before|after description ::= <attribute>attribute_name</attibute> <val>inference_value</val> attribute_name ::= literal inference_value ::= literal|a certain number
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Example of RTLExample of RTL
{{requisition-2000/6/28-1 (requisition_section : ICEC ) (Use_for: student’s salary) (budgetary_source: type-P research fund) (account: P-1234) (amount: 1000) (permission: ) (RULE_TRIGGER: (<RTL> <RuleGroup>Budget Control</RuleGroup> <RuleTitle> budgetary_appropriateness</RuleTitle> <Condition> <trigger>budgetary_source</trigger> <access>new-value</access> <when>after</when>
</Condition> <ReturnedResult> <var>permission</var> </ReturnedResult> </RTL>)}}
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Advantages of RTLAdvantages of RTL
Aid Agent’s Knowledge Processing against Web page
Triggering rule-based inferences in the agents, possibly from the Workflow Management System
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Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management
XRML is devised for Knowledge Management among agents of intranet workflow system
Knowledge Sharing and Reusing
To achieve the knowledge sharing, knowledge should be managed consistently between RSL and RIL.
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3. Application of 3. Application of Automated Form Automated Form
ProcessingProcessing
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Rule embedded in a formRule embedded in a form
In the workflow system, form embed with many rule processing on web client.
In student salary payment process, for instance, the following rules are applied to determine whether or not type-P research fund are allowed.
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Illustrative RulesIllustrative Rules
IF (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND ((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses)) THEN permission IS allowed
IF (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND NOT (((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses))) THEN permission IS denied
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Issues of form Issues of form processing(1)processing(1) Storage of the rule
Memorized by human beings or may be referred to by consulting printed regulations (Unstructured HTML Document).
Cause of the Inaccurate Transaction
Remedy Adoption of intelligent agent named Expert
System Agent (ESA)
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Issues of form Issues of form processing(2)processing(2) ESA on web client can’t yet
understand the unstructured HTML.
Remedy Structured rule representation is
essential.
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Issues of form Issues of form processing(3)processing(3) Management (Maintenance) of
structured rule Centralized Management
By a Knowledge Engineer Rule exchange using XRML (Push Service) Knowledge Sharing
Achievement of Knowledge Management
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Illustrative RSL Revision Illustrative RSL Revision ProcessProcessStep 1) RSL Rule Revision by Knowledge
EngineerSelection of revised RSL rule. For instance, the P-type research fund can be paid out for travel expense.
Added RSL Rule Part
<?xml version="1.0"?> : <RSLRuleGroupTitle>Budgetary Constraints for research fund</RSLRuleGroupTitle> <RSLRuleBody><IF><statement>
<l.parn>(</l.parn> :
<r.parn>)</r.parn> </statement> <statement> <l.parn>(</l.parn>
<rel.operator>OR</rel.operator> <l.parn>(</l.parn>
<l.parn>(</l.parn> <var>item</var> <operator> IS </operator> <value>travel_expense</value>
<r.parn>)</r.parn> </statement>
</IF><THEN> …… </THEN>
</RSLRuleBody></rslrule></rsl>
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Push Service by RSL Push Service by RSL ServerServerStep 2) Push service to ESA on Web
Client Intelligent
AgentsRSL
serverUpdate the rule named budgetary_appropriateness Monitoring web clients
Initiate inference using a rule named
budgetary_appropriateness Trigger the rule Send to rule update
message
Reply the acceptance message
Push the updated RSL rule Parser receives the
updated rule
Transform to condition-action type rule
Perform the inference
Monitoring
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Illustrative RIL Revision Illustrative RIL Revision Process (1)Process (1)
Browsed Display
<HTML><p> Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows: </p><RIL><RILHeader><RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle></RILHeader><RILBody> If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and <val>expenses for data collection</val> and <val>travel expense</val> </RILBody></RIL><HTML>
<HTML><p> Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows: </p><RIL><RILHeader><RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle></RILHeader><RILBody> If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and <val>expenses for data collection</val> and <val>travel expense</val> </RILBody></RIL><HTML>
HTML/RIL
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Illustrative RIL Revision Illustrative RIL Revision ProcessProcess Consistency between RIL and RSL
<HTML>The research fund is ………….. ……….<RIL><RILHeader><RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle></RILHeader><RILBody> If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and <val>expenses for data collection</val></RILBody></RIL><HTML>
<HTML>The research fund is ………….. ……….<RIL><RILHeader><RILTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RILTitle></RILHeader><RILBody> If the <var>budgetary source</var> is the <val>type-P research fund</val>, the spendable <var>items</var> are<val>student salary</val>and <val>expenses for data collection</val></RILBody></RIL><HTML>
<RSL><RSLRulegroupTitle>Budgetary Type Constraints</RSLRulegroupTitle><RSLRule><RSLRuleTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RSLRuleTitle><RSLRuleBbody><IF> (AND (<var>budgetary_source</var> IS <val>type-P research fund</val>) (OR (<var>item</var> IS <val>student’s salary</val>) (<var>item</var> IS <val>data collection expenses</val>)))</IF><THEN> <var>permission</var> IS <val>allowed</val> </THEN></RSLRulrBody></RSLRule></RSL>
<RSL><RSLRulegroupTitle>Budgetary Type Constraints</RSLRulegroupTitle><RSLRule><RSLRuleTitle>budgetary appropriateness</RSLRuleTitle><RSLRuleBbody><IF> (AND (<var>budgetary_source</var> IS <val>type-P research fund</val>) (OR (<var>item</var> IS <val>student’s salary</val>) (<var>item</var> IS <val>data collection expenses</val>)))</IF><THEN> <var>permission</var> IS <val>allowed</val> </THEN></RSLRulrBody></RSLRule></RSL>
RIL
RSL
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Illustrative Form Illustrative Form ProcessingProcessing
Step 1) Form generationForm template (RTL embed) is uploaded.
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Form processing on Web Form processing on Web ClientClient
Step 2) The RTL trigger ESA.Step 2.1) ESA search a specific rule named
“budgetary appropriateness” in RB.
Step 2.2) The moment ESA triggered a rule, RSL server push a rule if rule is changed.
Otherwise, ESA can triggered rule in its RB.
Step 3) Return to inference result to form.
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RemarksRemarks
XRML can be a useful automated form processing on Internet
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4. Conclusions4. Conclusions Number of consulting
unstructured HTML files manually will be reduced.
Achieve the consistency management between rules, web, and knowledge processing.
Expandable to any application of workflow.
