XP

1

HTML

Tutorial 2: Developing a Basic Web Site

XP

2

Tutorial Objectives

Create hypertext links between elements within a Web page

Create hypertext links between Web pages

Review basic Web page structures

Create hypertext links to Web pages on the Internet

Distinguish between and be able to use absolute and relative pathnames

Create hypertext links to various Internet resources

XP

3

Creating a Hypertext Document

Hypertext documents contain hypertext links, items that you can select to view another topic or document, often called the destination of the link.

These links can point to:

– another section

– the same document

– a different document

– a different Web page

– a variety of other Web objects

The browser mayonly show a

portion of thepage. The user

must scroll downto see the rest of

the page.

Place links at thetop of the page

to make it easierfor the user tonavigate to a

particular section.

Add an id nameto an element:<h2

id=“classes”>Chemistry Classes</h2>

Link to anelement with an id:

<a href=“#classes”>Classes</a>

Place links at thetop of the page

to make it easierfor the user tonavigate to a

particular section.

Define ananchor element:<h2>

<a name=“classes”>Chemistry Classes</a></h2>

Link to an anchorelement:

<a href=“#classes”>Classes</a>

Linear Structures: each page is linked to the next & to previous page, in an ordered chain of pages

In this structure you can jump only from one page to the next or previous page

Link to previous page

Link to next page

first link jumps to previous page

second link jumps back to beginning

third page has three links

third link jumps to next page

Augmented Linear Structure include a link in each page that jumps directly backto the first page, while keeping the links to move to

the next and previous pages

Hierarchical Structure It starts with a general topic that includes links to more specific topics. Each specific topic includes links to yet more specialized topics, and so on

Combination of Linear and Hierarchical Structures

information about the play

the scenes

each level is linear

information about the acts

over

all s

truc

ture

is h

i era

rchi

cal

XP

11

Linking to a Document

To create a link to a document, use the same <a> tag with the href attribute i.e. <a href=“contact.htm”>Contact me</a>.

In order for the browser to be able to locate and open contact.htm, it must be in the same folder as the document containing the link.

XP

12

Linking to a Section of a Document

To navigate to a specific location elsewhere in a document, rather than the top, you can set anchors or ids and link to an anchor you create within the document.

<a href=“home.htm#interests”> View my interests </a> the entire text, “View my interests,” is linked to the

Interests section in the home.htm file, via the anchor name “interests”

the pound symbol (#) distinguishes the filename from the anchor name

XP

13

Linking to Documents in Other Folders

Browsers assume that if no folder information is given, the file is in the same folder as the current document.

When referencing a file located in a different folder than the link tag, you must include the location, or path, for the file.

HTML supports two kinds of paths: absolute paths and relative paths.

XP

14

Absolute Pathnames

An absolute pathname provides a precise location for a file.

Absolute pathnames begin with a slash (/) and are followed by a sequence of folders beginning with the highest level folder and proceeding to the folder that contains the file. Each folder is separated by a slash. For example, /tutorial.02/case/parks.htm

HTML also requires you to include the drive letter followed by a vertical bar (|), i.e. /C|/tutorial.02/case/parks.htm.

Folder Tree

Five HTML files are located in four different folders. The top most folder is the tutorial.02 folder. Within the tutorial.02 folder are the tutorial and case1 folders, and within the case1 folder is the extra folder.

XP

17

Relative Pathnames

A relative path specifies the location for a file in relation to the folder containing the current Web document.

Unlike absolute pathnames, a relative pathname does not begin with a slash.

To reference a file in a folder directly above the current folder in the folder hierarchy, relative pathnames use two periods (..) i.e. ../tutorial/chem.htm.

XP

18

Relative Pathnames Continued

Relative pathnames make your hypertext links portable.

Unlike absolute pathnames, If you move your files to a different computer or server, the hypertext links will stay intact.

If absolute pathnames are used, each link has to be revised. This can be a very tedious process.

Assuming the current folder is case1

The relative path to rock.htm is:

The relative path to parks.htm is:

The relative path to index.htm is:

The relative path to chem.htm is:

rock.htm

../index.htm

extra/parks.htm

../tutorial/chem.htm

XP

20

Linking to Documents on the Internet

A URL specifies a precise location on the Web for a file. You can find the URL of a Web page in the Location or

Address box of your browser’s document window. Once you know a document’s URL, you can create a

link to it by adding the URL to the <a> tag along with the href attribute in your text file i.e. <a href=“ http://www.mwu.edu/course/info.html”> Course Information</a>

XP

21

Displaying Linked Documents in a New Window

By default, each Web page you open is displayed in the main browser window, replacing the one you were viewing last.

To force a document to appear in a new window, you would use the target attribute in the href tag:<a href=“url” target=“new_window”>Hypertext</a>– new_window is a name assigned to the new

browser window

XP

22

Linking to File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Servers

You can create links to other Internet resources, such as FTP servers.

FTP servers can store files that Internet users can download, or transfer, to their computers

URLs for FTP servers follow the same format as those for Web pages, except ftp is used:<a href=“ftp://ftp.microsoft.com”> Microsoft FTP server</a>

XP

23

Linking to E-mail

You can identify e-mail addresses as hypertext links. When a user clicks the e-mail address, the browser starts a mail program and automatically inserts the e-mail address into the “To” field of the outgoing message

The URL for an e-mail address is mailto:e-mail_address<a href=“mailto:cy.lin@eku.edu”> CY Lin</a>