XMPP Intro - The camp2012
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This PresentationI) Intro and presentation of the protocol
What is it?, Usage
Basics and architecture
Examples
II) Advanced Topics and loose talkExtensions
Plugins and components
III) XMPP 101 - Kick start and play!
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About me (blah blah)
Studied Computer Science @ Copenhagen
CEO / Founder of BrainTrust ApS 2010 (Solo Ent.)
Prof. Software Developer for 15+ yearsJava (JSE / JEE), C, Erlang, Ruby, Perl.
Open Source developer.. Tigase, Strophe-plugins, XMPPConsole etc.
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My XMPP Involvement
Member of XMPP Standard Foundation (XSF)
Developing XMPP since 2007 (Ms.Thesis, pidgin/VOIP)
Done XMPP design and impl. for: WAOO, Nordija (Set-top-boxes and over-the-top TV and IPTV)
Thrane&Thrane (Maritime Satellite Communication project)
Danske Spil / BetWare (Game software for Bingo etc)
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XMPP Intro
What is it?
XMPP - eXtensible Message and Presence Protocol
Earlier known as Jabber - 1998
Real time messages system for communication
Routes small snipplets of XML - called stanzas
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XMPP - What?Who uses it? Most of you use it every day as chat..
You? Jabber client (pidgin/adium/messenger (m$))
Google (gmail, google hangouts)
Cisco (webex)
Facebook (chat)
Even Micro$oft have XMPP gateways integrated into their messaging system
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XMPP Basics
What can you do with it?
Everything that you can imagine (almost) :-)
More than just chat -- Its about presence, routing and real-time communication!
Real time web!.. its there - push it!
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XMPP BasicsBasic Services and applications
Encryption / Authentication
Presence
Contact / Buddy lists
Messaging (1-1 or group chat)
Push Notifications (individual or publish/subscribe)
Service discovery and device capability advertisement
Geolocation and notifications
Voice over IP (VOIP)
Collaborative text editing etc.
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XMPP applicationsSet-top box and OTT implementation done my self..
Taxi service real-time: http://cabulous.com/
Yammer.com - work in social context (ala facebook)
status.net - DISTRIBUTED twitter (micro blog) - download and federate..
JIVE sbs - big social site for business / whiteboarding
Apple mobile push
stand-alone - adium/pidgin clients etc.
Customer Service - chat and voip - call forwarding/queue
games: tic-tac toe / chess
Energy Trading software
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XMPP BasicsWhy XMPP? just use normal HTTP (polling), or we (almost) have websockets and others..)
XMPP is an Open Standard (like HTTP) - XSF and the council does the work openly.
Proven tech. Almost 15 years of dev.
Secure - Channel encryption and strong auth.
Decentralized. no stand-alone silos (hello twitter and fb..)
Huge community
Extensibility!.. We have above 300 extensions to the XMPP core
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XMPP Protocol
Core specifies (RFC 6120 / RFC 6121)
http://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/rfcs/
Connect with TCP or other transport protocols (HTTP/websockets, specified in extensions)
Opening a Stream tag with with streaming XML stanzas (<stanza>.. stanza xml .. </stream>)
stanzas
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XMPP Architecture
XMPP can consist of many modules:Servers (many through federation)
Plugins
Components (XEP-0114)
Clients (typically many..)
Proxies
Database, LDAP, SIP and other systems (gateways)
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XMPP Architecture
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XMPP Addressing & Routing
Standard routing through JIDfull JID: <id>@<domain>/<resource>
bare JID: <id>@<domain> (autom. resource)
Domain routing like normal mail (smtp).
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XMPP Connection Lifecycle
• Initiating TCP connection to the XMPP server
• Opening an XML <stream> for session..
• Negotiating stream features and SASL negotiation (Simple Authentiation and Security Layer)
•Auth mechanisms: PLAIN, DIGETS-MD5, SCRAM, EXTERNAL etc.
• TLS secure layer (authentication towards the server)
• The clients resource gets bound to the session
• The client sends out initial presence
• The client can now communicate (send/receive stanzas)
• The client ends session
• </stream> is send. And TCP connection is closed.
To illustrate a chat client connecting
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Communication Primitives
Stanzas (xml snipplets that flow async.)
Presence
Message
IQ (Information/Query)
Simple, we only have 3 ways:
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Stanzas: PresenceSets and shows the availability of the entity that is connected.
chat
away
dnd (do not disturb)
Presence for the system and the subscribers of the entity (e.g. buddylist)
Specialized Presence extension (PEP) shows what music you are playing..
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Stanzas: Presence// initial simple presence<presence/>
// sending away to subscribers<presence> <show>away</show></presence>
<presence> <show>dnd</show> <status>I am working.. </status</presence>
// before logging off.. more realtime<presence type='unavailable'/>
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Stanzas: Presence// direct presence
<presence from='[email protected] balcony’ to='[email protected]'/>
// Capabilities.. version, voip etc.
<presence from='[email protected]'> <c xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/caps' hash='sha-1' node='http://psi-im.org' ver='q07IKJEyjvHSyhy//CH0CxmKi8w='/> </presence>
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Stanzas: MessageUsing it to communicate with other clients
TO attributefull JID: direct messaging to specific entity (e.g. device/computer).
bare JID: will route to one or more of the connected resources - depends of status, presence, message type etc.
Type attribute (chat, normal, groupchat, headline etc) - presentation and routing
Body Element - the message
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Stanzas: Messagenormal message<message from='[email protected]/balcony' id='ktx72v49' to='[email protected]' type='chat' xml:lang='en'> <body>Hi romeo where art thou?</body> </message>
direct message<message from='[email protected]/balcony' id='ktx72v50' to='[email protected]/thecastle' type='chat' xml:lang='en'> <body>will you come and visit?</body> </message>
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Stanzas: IQ
A more request / response model. For getting information and query the server / entities.
Request: GET / SET
Response: RESULT / ERROR
Using it for getting roster, ad-hoc command and statistics for server (if admin).. etc.
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Stanzas: IQ Example 1: User requests current roster from server
UC: <iq from='[email protected]/orchard' id='hf61v3n7' type='get'> <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'/> </iq>
Example 2: User receives roster from server
US: <iq id='hf61v3n7' to='[email protected]/orchard' type='result'> <query xmlns='jabber:iq:roster'> <item jid='[email protected]' name='Juliet' subscription='both'> <group>Friends</group> </item> <item jid='[email protected]' name='Benvolio' subscription='to'/> <item jid='[email protected]' name='Mercutio' subscription='from'/> </query> </iq>
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Now.. Lets have Coffee!
While having a break and if you want to play with XMPP later on..
Install java sdk
Install apache
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II) Advanced Topics
Extensions:
Pub / Sub (XEP-0060)
BOSH (XMPP over HTTP)
External Database and LDAP
Internal routing and modifications via. plugins
Components
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XMPP ExtensionsXSF defines a set of XMPP Extension Protocols (XEPs).
> 300 at the momenthttp://xmpp.org/xmpp-protocols/xmpp-extensions/.
Jingle (Gtalk), MUC (hangouts), file transfer, etc.. publish/subscribe
We will concentrate on:
publish / subscribe & BOSH (XMPP on the web)
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Publish / Subscribe (XEP-0060)
Pub/Sub embbeds in IQ stanza
Put JIDs into groups and push out messages to many subscribers!
Let people subscribe/unsubscribe for data on a node
Setup roles and affiliates..
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Publish / Subscribe (XEP-0060)
<iq type='set' from='[email protected]/blogbot' to='pubsub.shakespeare.lit' id='pub1'> <pubsub xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub'> <publish node='princely_musings'> <item> <entry xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'> <title>Soliloquy</title> <summary>To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? </summary> <link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://denmark.lit/2003/12/13/atom03'/> <id>tag:denmark.lit,2003:entry-32397</id> <published>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</published> <updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated> </entry> </item> </publish> </pubsub></iq>
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Publish / Subscribe (XEP-0060)
<message from='pubsub.shakespeare.lit' to='[email protected]' id='foo'> <event xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub#event'> <items node='princely_musings'> <item id='ae890ac52d0df67ed7cfdf51b644e901'> [ ... ENTRY ... ] </item> </items> </event></message>
<message from='pubsub.shakespeare.lit' to='[email protected]' id='bar'> <event xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/pubsub#event'> <items node='princely_musings'> <item id='ae890ac52d0df67ed7cfdf51b644e901'> [ ... ENTRY ... ] </item> </items> </event></message>
Subscribers receives published data
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BOSH (XEP-0124)Bidrectional streams Over Synchronous Http (BOSH)
HTTPs api are great - Polling sucks.
Long Polling. XMPP embedded into HTTP
why? simple, known tech. use compress etc.
Small problem: cross origin policy (diff. ports)
default BOSH port 5280 - HTTP 80
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BOSHHTTP hold the connection until there is something
to send
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BOSH - XMPP over HTTPPOST /webclient HTTP/1.1Host: httpcm.example.comAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflateContent-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 188
<body rid='1249243562' sid='SomeSID' xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'>
<message to='[email protected]' xmlns='jabber:client'> <body>Good morning!</body> </message>
</body>
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BOSH - XMPP over HTTP
HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 64
<body xmlns='http://jabber.org/protocol/httpbind'/>
• No data - empty body tag from server• Works through header setup and timeouts
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Plugins & Components
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Some advanced featuresNormal client “bots” easy to do, but have limitations
To incorporate your own business logic you need some more..
To make advanced features on the server side
Server Plugins
Components
External Auth.. either plain db, ldap or others.
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Server Plugins
Located on the server
Change routing strategy
Filter packages / Drop packages
Do statistics etc.
Bound to the server implementation - not portable
Can hog mem/cpu from the server. Its embedded!. (take care)
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Components (XEP-0114)Components conn. to the server or vice versa (normal TCP)
Handshakes and authenticates (trusted by server)
Portable
Can be run externally with code implemented in almost every language.
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Components (XEP-0114)
Acts almost like a “normal” client. e.g. JID ([email protected])...
Can act and interact on the whole domain.. not multiple
Can alter the to/from fields...
Can’t drop/filter packages for every domain.
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Break!! ... Next developing XMPP 101
Lets have some hands-on experience.
Install Java (version 6 and up is fine)
Install Apache web server
Get XMPP server up and running
Play..
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XMPP 101 - playtime!
Install your very own XMPP server!
Setup Apache or other httpd / proxy
Download Strophe and setup examples..
Play!
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Developing XMPP
XMPP can run on every device, on mobile, on the web on
XMPP makes a bridge and makes the device present and available to communicate with other entities..
Client frameworks for almost every languageJava, Javascript, C / C++, Erlang, C#, Python, Ruby, Perl etc.
We will focus on the web (client side) and hence do javascript
Learned so far:
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XMPP Kick Start!
• Choose your favorite XMPP server!
• The list is long: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/
• Be ware of the license. Some are commercial/gpl/gpl3/apache etc.
But first! to make it work, we need a server
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XMPP Servers
Administrators would look for monitoring and tools.
Extensions.. E.g. some can pub/sub, some can’t. So choose from your specific application.
Clustering or not? What is your demand? 5k users? 500k users?
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My recommendations Ejabberd 2.1.11 (http://www.ejabberd.im/)
cool features dist. out-of-the-box. Thanks erlang!
high load factor
Tigase 5.1.x (linux, mac etc. *NIX.)
very flexible. Code injection on the fly. Groovy / Java. Easy to understand
Many extensions available
Good monitoring tools!Thursday, August 2, 12
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Windows users?...
If you can’t run shell scripts etc.
Openfire might be easier:
http://goo.gl/9HYeb
Should be easy to setup.. I’ll help later. No worry. :-)
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Tigase XMPP serverInstall Java if you dont have it!
Install tigase:
download http://goo.gl/jYNFD
run the downloaded jar file: java -jar tigase...jar
Setup easy. in step 7, choose only base, extras and derby database. in the other steps just press next!
cd {TIGASE_HOME} (where you installed it)
Start: ./scripts/tigase.sh start etc/tigase.conf
Stop: ./scripts/tigase.sh stop
add a new user to the server (use a client: PSI, Adium , Pidgin etc)
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Proxy setup
because of same origin policy.. if you have a CORS enabled browser, this is not needed
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
proxy_module should be enabled.
in httpd.conf (proxy port 80 to port 5280)ProxyPass /http-bind/ http://localhost:5280/http-bind/
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XMPP libraries..
There a many! http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/libraries/
Native or BOSH (XMPP over HTTP)
We focus on BOSH.. lets enable real-time push on the web.
Strophe.js!
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Strophe InstallDownload here: http://goo.gl/5btM2
unzip / untar the downloaded package into your Apache web folder (on mac: Library/WebServer/Documents).
You can change the folder in the httpd.conf if you want.
change in examples/echobot.js :var BOSH_SERVICE = '/http-bind/';
Ready to run!. if server is running, fire up your browser and use the user created just before when logging in.
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Strophe
Pure javascript XMPP library (integrated with jquery)
Using BOSH as connection type
Simple manipulations with Stanzas
Build everything like DOM
Light and Event driven..
Here is my example: http://localhost/webchat
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Strophe
var conn = new Strophe.connection(“localhost/http-bind”);
conn.connect(JID, password, callbackfn);
Make connection on the BOSH URL defined in apache proxy:
Connect with JID (full/bare) and make cb function:
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Strophe
function onConnection () {if (status == Strophe.Status.CONNECTED) {
// do something!} else if (status .....
}
Strophe have static status to check on the connection
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Strophe - Sending / Receivingconn.send(xml);....
conn.addHandler(on_message, null, “message”, “chat”);
on_message(message) { console.log(“Hi there: “ + message);
return true;}
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Strophe..
1. function onMessage(msg) { 2. $(msg).find("message[type='chat'][from]:has(body)") 3. .each(function () { 4. var body = $(this).find("body:first").text(); 5. var from = $(this).attr("from"); 6. 7. log('ECHOBOT: I got a message from ' + from + ': ' + body); 8. 9. var reply = $msg({to: from, type: "chat"}) 10. .c("body") 11. .t(body); 12. connection.send(reply.tree()); 13. 14. log('ECHOBOT: I sent ' + from + ': ' + body); 15. }); 16.}
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Strophe - Stanzas..
Strophe have convenience methods:
$pres(attributes..);
$msg(attributes..);
$iq(attributes..);
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Strophe - Stanzas
Building a message stanza:
$msg({to: ‘[email protected]’, ‘type’ : ‘chat’}).c(‘body’).t(‘Hello zool!’);
Sending initial presence:$pres();
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</stream>..the end..Contact me at
Email/XMPP: [email protected] / [email protected]
LinkedIn: http://dk.linkedin.com/in/zooldk
Illustrations by Adrian Teh (Too lazy to draw my self..)
XMPP standard foundation: http://xmpp.org
LinksServer list: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/
Client list: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/clients/
Libraries: http://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/libraries/
Strophe:
Thursday, August 2, 12