XHTML References and Rules William Pegram Revised 9/15/2015.
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Transcript of XHTML References and Rules William Pegram Revised 9/15/2015.
![Page 1: XHTML References and Rules William Pegram Revised 9/15/2015.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022073121/56649f285503460f94c41082/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
XHTML References and Rules
William PegramRevised 9/15/2015
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Reminders
• Filenames and foldernames should not have spaces in them
• All the content of the webpage should go between the <body> and </body>
• Things in between <head> and </head>– <title> - required for validation– <style> - embedded stylesheet (optional)– <link> - for external stylesheets (optional)– <meta> - meta tags (optional)– <script> - JavaScript (optional; can also be in body)
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References to Other Files
• HTML/XHTML files often contain references to other files. Examples of such references are:– Links– Images (inline, background, and favicon)– External stylesheets– Flash movies– Video and audio using the new <video> and
<audio> HTML5 tags– External JavaScript files
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Ways of Referencing Other Files
• Absolute using http:// -- this is the only way to reference files on other websites
• Relative – the location of the file is specified relative to the location of the file in which the reference is contained
• Absolute using a beginning / (Dreamweaver calls these site-root references) – one specifies the path to the file beginning with the top level (root) of the site
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Relative References• If both files are in the same folder, just specify
the filename• If in different folders, do like in the following
example – Suppose you have a folder named redskins and at the top level of this folder you have files called allen.html and shanahan.html, a folder named offense and a folder named defense
• in the offense folder there is a file called mcnabb.html and in the defense folder there is a file called haynesworth.html
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Folder structure
[Some folder containing the following]allen.htmlshanahan.html[offense folder which contains the following file]
mcnabb.html[defense folder which contains the following file]
haynesworth.html
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Relative references• From the shanahan.html file, references to the
other files would be written as follows:<a href="allen.html">General Manager</a>
<a href="offense/mcnabb.html">QB</a>From the mcnabb.html file, references to the other
files would be written as follows:<a href="../shanahan.html">Coach</a>
<a href="../defense/haynesworth.html">Albert</a>
• The ../ takes you up one level, out of current folder; it can be repeated multiple times ../../ for up two levels, etc.
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Use of leading / in reference
• If the reference begins with a / rather than a ../, the / means to start at the top level of the site.
• While this may seem like a simpler way to do the reference, the leading / has several disadvantages:– The reference can't be tested locally (i.e. File>Open)– What is the root of the site can depend on where the
site is hosted, so the site becomes less portable than if the reference were relative
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XHTML Rules
• All tags and attribute names lowercase• Attribute values must be in double quotes• No one-sided tags – use /> to end such tags• Attributes must be set equal to values, thus in a radio
button or checkbox you can't just used checked, but must say checked="checked" Thus instead of writing
<input type="checkbox" name="day" checked>One writes<input type="checkbox" name="day" checked="checked"
/>