X-RAY

X rays are electromagnetic radiation that differentially penetrates structures within the body and creates images of these structures on photographic film or a fluorescent screen.

An X-ray is a quick, painless test that produces images of the structures inside your body —

particularly your bones.

PURPOSE

Diagnostic x rays are useful in detecting abnormalities within the body. They are a painless, non-invasive way to help diagnose problems such as broken bones, tumors, dental decay, and the presence of foreign bodies.

WILHELM CONRAD ROENTGEN

WHY “X-RAY?”

Roentgen called it "X" to indicate it was an unknown type of radiation. They are still occasionally referred to as Roentgen rays in German-

speaking countries.

X stands for the unknown, and he was unable to determine the nature

of the radiation.

RISKRadiation exposure

Some people worry that X-rays aren't safe because radiation exposure can cause cell mutations that may lead to cancer.

The amount of radiation exposed to during an X-ray depends on the tissue or organ being examined. Sensitivity to the radiation depends on the age, with children being more sensitive than adults.

HOW YOU PREPARE

What to wear:

In general, the patient should be undress whatever part of the body needs examination. The patient may wear a gown during the exam, depending on which area is being X-rayed. The patient may also be asked to remove jewellery, eyeglasses and any metal objects because they can show up on an X-ray.

Contrast material:

Before some types of X-rays, the patient is given a liquid called contrast medium. Contrast mediums, such as barium and iodine, help outline a specific area of the body on the X-ray image. The patient may swallow the contrast medium or receive it as an injection or an enema.

ARTHRITIS OF THE KNEE

PELVIC FRACTURE

SPECIAL ORTHOPEDIC BEDS

SPECIAL ORTHOPEDIC BEDS FOR POSITIONING THE PATIENT

Purposes:

To promote turningPromote skin integrity

NURSING CARE

Care for a client on a turning frame

Care for a client on a bed that promotes skin integrity

Evaluate client’s response to procedure

FRAME a rigid structure for giving support to or for immobilizing a part.

BEDS PROMOTE TURNING

-Turning FramesStryker or Foster FrameCircoelectric bed

-Oscillating bed Rotokinetic treatment table;

Roto Rest bed

PURPOSES:

Immobilize the vertebral column

Facilitates turning

Promotes body function (circulation, respiration,elimination)

STRYKER FRAMEpatients with injuries of the spinal column or cord, management of severe burn. There are perineal openings in both frames for use of a bedpan.

FOSTER FRAMEAlso used for halo-femoral traction and maintenance of continuous cervical traction in flexion for patients with

unstable cervical neck problems

CIRCOELECTRIC BED

Vertically rotated 210 degreesSevere burns, Spinal injuries and Decubitus ulcers

OSCILLATING BEDUses a continual side-to-side rotation

with the patient in constant motion

ROTO REST: kinetic treatment table It is a Kinetic Concepts trademark for its oscillating bed.

BEDS PROMOTE SKIN INTEGRITY

Air-fluidized beds Air Mattresses (Flexicare bed) Flotation bed

PURPOSES:

Relieve pressure by distributing body weight

Limits friction

Promotes circulation of air under patient

AIR-FLUIDIZED BEDS are used for patients with burns, decubitus ulcers, trauma, and generalized

debility.

AIR MATTRESSES also known as an airbedImmobility, malnutrition, contractures, fractures,

amputations

Provides pressure relief for patient up to 300 lbs.

FLOTATION BED

REFERENCES:

http://science.howstuffworks.com/dictionary/physics-terms/xray-info.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/x-ray/basics/definition/prc-20009519

Cameron, John R. "Understanding X-rays." eMedicine.com Consumer Health 2003 [cited 22 September 2004].

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/fulltext/12071.htm

http://www.healthofchildren.com/U-Z/X-Rays.html#ixzz3qhwIMjYm