X Group: Carlson PondPhysical and Chemical Parameters

Fish 415Rochelle Ochoa, Earl Beasley, Will

Kennedy, & Charles Reeves

Introduction• Carlson Project Objectives:

• Analysis of the pond • Potential for fish stocking• Preservation of water level• Maintaining Water Clarity

• Group A Objectives:• Physical and Chemical Parameters

• Bathymetry of Pond• Limnological Profiles• Chemical Parameters

Overview

• Bathymetry• Maximum and average depths• Profiles of oxygen, temperature, & conductivity• Total Phosphorus• Chlorophyll a• Summary• Recommendations• Small Pond

Bathymetry• Equipment

– Boat, depth finder, Global Positioning System (GPS)

• How it works– Depth finder maps pond floor– The GPS tracks the movements of the boat– Dr. Depth program calculates both together

• Can calculate average depth…

Bathymetry• Methods

– Trace the shoreline – Paddled a grid type pattern

• Left depth finder on for the entire time boat in water

– Input the measurements in Dr. Depth– Calculate

• Water volume, map area, maximum, minimum, and average depths

– Create map of pond• Measured water level• Estimated high level

Bathymetry• Results (Observed Water Level)Observed Water Level

H2O Volume Maximum Depth

Minimum Depth

Average Depth

Map Area/Surface Area

13,740 cubic feet

3.6 feet 0 feet 1.8 feet 7,772 square feet

Bathymetry• Results (Estimated High Water Level)Estimate High Water Level

Water Volume

Maximum Depth

Minimum Depth

Average Depth

Map Area/ Surface Area

59,690 Cubic feet

10.6 feet 0 feet 5.5 feet 10,760 square feet

BathymetrySediment Deposition

– Calculated by adding core sample depth to measured pond depth

– Arc GIS to calculate • The volume of sediment

layer• Volume of sediment layer• Volume of just water• Subtract the two volumes

– Volume of sediment deposited in since pond renovation

Results– Sediment Volume– 226.72 cubic feet

OR– 8.397 cubic yards

Oxygen, Temperature, & Conductivity

• Methods– The Carlson’s pond was sampled using a YSI 556

multimeter to measure the oxygen, temperature, and conductivity

– The multimeter was lowered into the pond at surface, 0.3meters, 0.5 meters and 1 meter depths to determine the profiles of the pond at its deepest point1(middle of pond).

1: Methods taken from Limnology Class note provided on the Fish 415 website.

Total Phosphorus

• Methods– Triplicate Samples taken in 1L dark Nalgene bottles at depths

of:• Surface• 0.5 meters• Integrated Sampler

– Triplicate samples were taken from three locations:• Far right• Far left• Middle

– Laboratory Procedures and Analysis from UI Fish 415 Limnology

Total Phosphorus

Results• Table• Total Phosphorus values

– Compare to [TP] standard curve – show a decrease on right side and left sections– increase in the middle

Total Phosphorus

Main Pond Depth [TP] SELeft 0 386.19 3.81

0.5 404.29 2.18Middle 0 409.05 6.08

0.5 416.19 7.66Right 0 380.48 6.87

0.5 381.43 1.43

Table 2. Total phosphorus concentration based on depth for Carlson’s Pond taken October 2013. Values show a decrease on right and left sections with an increase in the middle.

Figure 3. Main pond TP concentration vs. depth taken from Carlson’s Pond on October 2013

Figure 2. Standard curve for total phosphorus concentration vs. absorbance

Chlorophyll a• Methods

– Triplicate Samples• 1L Dark Nalgene Bottles• Surface• Integrated Sampler• 0.5 meters

– Three locations• Left• Middle• Right

– Laboratory Analysis• Procedures established by UI Fish 415 Limnology Class

– 750,649, 665 nm

Chlorophyll a

Sample Depth (m) [Chl a] (µg/L) SE

Left 0 390.3 ±28.76

0.5 393.9 ±3.73

Middle 0 364.63 ±14.15

0.5 331.98 ±6.69

Right 0 345.77 ±22.09

0.5 341.59 ±4.97

Table 1. [Chl a] vs. Depth for Carlson’s Pond taken 2 October 2013 Latah County Moscow Idaho. Values show a decrease on right side and middle sections with an increase on the left side due to some possible sediment disturbance from boat oars and the shallow water.

Fig. 1 Main pond Chl a concentration (µg/L) vs. depth taken from Carlson’s Pond on 2 October 2013 Latah County, Moscow Idaho.

ResultsClassified as hypereutrophic (>75µg/L)1 Decline in [Chl a] with depth Possible sediment disturbance from boat oar (Atlas of Alberta Lakes)1

Recommendations• Structure:

– Small, depth good, • Drain pipe

• Pond Seepage: – Tree roots– Sodium Bentonite Clay

• O2: IMPORTANT

– 5-10ppm – Keep nutrients in-check

• Turbidity:– Field runoff

• Veg. buffer, Settling pond, North Carolina

• pH:– 6.5-9 pH optimal– Can lime to lower pH

• Fish?– 1 sp.– Blue gill, Channel cat, Sun fish

• Warm water• Low O2 tolerant

– 100-150 lbs of fish per surface acre

• Approximately 25 lbs

Permits!

Overall Dependent on pH

Small Pond

• Initial measurements using the YSI 556 multimeter – Mean water temp at surface 10.74°C – Mean conductivity 330 µS/cm (almost doubled of Main pond)

• Water samples were also taken to determine Chlorophyll a and total Phosphorus

Table 2. Summery of surface water mean Chlorophyl l a in µg/L and mean Tota l Phosphate in µg/L

(with s tandard error) for Carlson's main and smal l ponds , north of Moscow, Idaho,

Latah County USA, taken 2 October 2013 at 1600 hours .

pond mean µg/L SE pond mean µg/L SEMain pond surface 361.36 8.04 391.90 5.22Small pond surface 1560.62 193.37 536.43 62.85

Total PhosphateChlorophyll a

Small pond recommendations

• Possible cause increased nutrients• Seepage from across driveway

– Sewage? Septic lines on other side of driveway– Need to test for optic brighteners, or caffeine to

determine if it is sewer overflow– If layer of clay (fragipan) soil layer may cause

septic system to function improperly

References

• Wilhelm, Frank (2013), Sampling Equipment Lab (Spring Valley Reservoir), [online] Available: <http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/fish415/field___lab_data_a.htm>, August 2013.

• McDaniel et al. (2007), Linking fragipans , perched water tables, and catchment-scale hydrological processes, USGS (National Agricultural Library digital collection), [online] Available: <http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/15335>, Accessed 8 December 2013.

• Lu et al. (2006), Impact of septic tank systems on local ground water quality and water supply in the Pearl River Delta, China: case study, Hydrological Processes 22, 443-450, 30 July 2007

• Private Fish Ponds [PFP]. 2013. Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Boise Idaho, USA. http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/public/fish/?getPage=177 Accessed Nov. 14, 2013. Stocking or maintaining fish in a private pond requires a permit.

• http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_water/w-104/welcome.html New Mexico State DO, Nutrients… definitions and effects

• http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1577/1548-8659(1961)90%5B377%3ADROTSO%5D2.0.CO%3B2#previewDO requirements for blue gill, large mouth bass, and channel catfish.

• https://www.noble.org/ag/wildlife/fish-pond-water/Fish Pond Water Quality: As Simple as Chemistry 101

• http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/nreos/wild/fisheries/mgt_guide/chapter1.htmlWater source quality