• X-Efficiency

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Entrepreneurship - Schumpeter on Entrepreneurship

1 In this treatment the entrepreneur was an implied but unspecified actor, but it is consistent with the concept of the entrepreneur being the agent

of x-efficiency.

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Experience curve effects

1 In management, models of the 'learning curve effect' and the closely

related 'experience curve effect' express the relationship between equations for experience and x-efficiency|efficiency or between

efficiency gains and investment in the effort.

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Economic competition

1 and encouraging x-efficiency|efficiency

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X-efficiency

1 The Xistence of X-Efficiency, American Economic Review 66(1):

[http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/1804963?

uid=3739936uid=2uid=4uid=3739256sid=21101724629567 213]-216.

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Lange model - Advantages

1 Furthermore, because the state uses marginal cost pricing and determines

entry, monopolies, and the accompanying lack of allocative efficiency and x-inefficiency|x-

efficiency can be avoided under Langean socialism.

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Virtuous circle and vicious circle - Virtuous circle

1 This could lead to reduced costs and improved x-efficiency|production efficiencies

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Competitors - Economics and business

1 [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/

article?id=pde2008_C000261q=competitiontopicid=result_number=6 Abstract.]

and encouraging x-efficiency|efficiency

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Exchange-traded fund - Taxation

1 Although they do not get all the tax advantages, they get an additional advantage from tax loss

harvesting any capital losses from net redemptions.[http://www.wheredoesallmymoney

go.com/vanguard-etfs-have-different-tax-considerations-than-other-etfs/ Vanguard ETFs have Different Tax Considerations Than Other

ETFs] (December 29, 2009).[http://www.sigmainvesting.com/tax-

management/etf-tax-efficiency ETF Tax Efficiency] (December 29, 2009).

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Harvey Leibenstein

1 'Harvey Leibenstein' (1922 – February 28, 1994) was a Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian-

born American Jews|American Jewish economist. One of his most

important contributions to economics was the concept of x-efficiency.

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Harvey Leibenstein

1 x-efficiency in American Economic Review 1966.

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Harvey Leibenstein

1 The concept of x-efficiency is also

used in the theory of bureaucracy.

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Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications

1 * 1966, Allocative Efficiency vs. X-Efficiency, The American Economic Review, Vol. LVI.,

June 1966

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Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications

1 * 1978, General X-Efficiency Theory and Economic Development, New York: Oxford

University Press

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Harvey Leibenstein - Selected Publications

1 * 1979, “The General X-Efficiency Paradigm and the Role of the

Entrepreneur”. in: Mario Rizzo (ed.), Time, Uncertainty, and

Disequilibrium. Lexington: Heath 1979, 127-139

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