REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Introduction to Informatics

Dr. Kovcs, Emd

Bir, Csaba

Dr. Perge, Imre

Introduction to Informatics

Dr. Kovcs, Emd

Bir, Csaba

Dr. Perge, Imre

Publication date 2013

Szerzi jog 2013 Eszterhzy Kroly College

Copyright 2013, Eszterhzy Kroly College

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Tartalom

1. Introduction 0

2. COMPUTER SCIENCE - INFORMATICS 0

1. 1.1The place of Computer Science, Information Technology among science system 0

2. 1.2Hungarian computer science programs in the light of the programs of the ACM 2005 0

2.1. 1.2.1Computing Curricula 2005 0

3. 1.3 Hungarian situation 0

4. 1.4 Computer, calculator 0

5. 1.5 Positional notation numeral system 0

5.1. 1.5.1 Numbers stored in finite position 0

5.2. 1.5.2Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal numeral system 0

5.3. 1.5.3Convering decimal numbers 0

5.3.1. Converting the integer part. 0

5.3.2. Converting the fractional part. 0

5.4. 1.5.4Tasks to convert across numeral systems 0

3. 2 THE INFORMATION 0

1. 2.1The concept of the information 0

2. 2.2Path of the information (transportation) 0

2.1. 0

2.2. 2.3 Measurement of information 0

2.3. 2.4 Use of binary prefixes 0

2.4. 2.5 The entropy and its properties 0

2.4.1. Properties of the entropy function. 0

4. 3 CODING 0

1. 3.1 Aim and task of the coding 0

2. 3.2 Efficiency of coding 0

3. 3.3Coding algorithms 0

3.1. 3.3.1Separable binary code 0

3.2. 3.3.2 A Shannon - Fano coding 0

3.3. 3.3.3 Huffman code 0

3.4. 3.3.4 Lossy compression 0

4. 3.4 The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of the unequivocal coding 0

5. 3.5 Tasks 0

5. 4 DATA, DATASTRUCTURES 0

1. 4.1 Concept of data 0

2. 4.2Elemental data types 0

3. 4.3 Complex data types, data structures 0

6. 5 REPRESENTING DATA IN COMPUTER 0

1. 5.1 A fix point number representation 0

2. 5.2 Floating point number representation 0

2.1. 5.2.1 FLOPS 0

2.2. 5.2.2 Floating point number 0

2.3. 5.2.3 Normalization 0

2.4. 5.2.4Shifted characteristic 0

2.5. 5.2.5 Representing floating point numbers 0

2.6. 5.2.6 The ANSI/IEEE 754 standard 0

2.6.1. Underflow, overflow. 0

2.7. 5.2.7 Special values 0

2.7.1. NaN Not a Number. 0

2.8. 5.2.8 Rounding 0

2.9. 5.2.9 Tasks 0

3. 5.3 Operations with floating point numbers 0

3.1. 5.3.1 Relative rounding error 0

3.2. 5.3.2 Simple algorithms to arithmetical operations 0

3.2.1. Addition. 0

3.2.2. Subtraction. 0

3.2.3. Multiplication. 0

3.2.4. Division. 0

3.3. 5.3.3 Tasks 0

4. 5.4 Representing decimal numbers 0

4.1. 5.4.1 Number representations, ASCII and EBCDIC code tables 0

7. 6 STATEMENTS, ALGORITHM, PROGRAMS 0

1. 6.1The concept of the instruction 0

2. 6.2Concept of program and algorithm 0

3. 6.3 Tasks for algorithms 0

8. 7 EVALUATING EXPRESSIONS 0

1. 7.1 Expression 0

1.1. 7.1.1 Associativeity 0

1.2. 7.1.2 Side effect 0

1.3. 7.1.3 Short circuit 0

2. 7.2C# language 0

2.1. 7.2.1 One-operand operations 0

2.2. 7.2.2Operations with two operands 0

2.3. 7.2.3Three operand-operation 0

3. 7.3 Excel 0

3.1. 7.3.1 Formulas 0

3.2. 7.3.2 Data types 0

3.3. 7.3.3 Functions 0

3.4. 7.3.4 References 0

3.5. 7.3.5 Operators 0

3.6. 7.3.6 Expression evaluator 0

3.7. 7.3.7 Efficient use of our expressions 0

3.8. 7.3.8 Error values in expressions 0

9. 8 VISUAL BASIC AND MACROS 0

1. 8.1 Macros 0

2. 8.2Visual Basic Editor 0

3. 8.3VBA 0

3.1. 8.3.1 Scopes 0

3.2. 8.3.2Passing parameters 0

3.3. 8.3.3 Subrutines 0

3.4. 8.3.4Constants and Variables 0

3.5. 8.3.5Junctions 0

3.6. 8.3.6 Loops 0

3.7. 8.3.7 Arrays 0

3.8. 8.3.8 Comments 0

3.9. 8.3.9 Dialog boxes 0

3.10. 8.3.10Panel types 0

4. 8.4 Objects of the Excel their methods and properties 0

4.1. 8.4.1 Sheets, ranges, cells 0

4.2. 8.4.2 Formatting 0

4.3. 8.4.3 File operations 0

4.4. 8.4.4Creating charts 0

REFERENCES 0

Introduction to Informatics

Introduction to Informatics

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A tblzatok listja

2.1. 0

Introduction to Informatics

Introduction to Informatics

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1. fejezet - Introduction

Supported by TMOP-4.1.2-08/1/A-2009-0038.

This note is the work of three authors. Sadly Dr. Imre Perge could not live the issue of the note since he died in 27th May 2011.

Dr. Imre Perge college-teacher was born in Sirok, Hungary in 31st May 1932. In 1953 gets his degree in Eger in Mathematics-Physics major. Then 1958 graduates in the ELTE, Budapest in applied mathematics. He educates the students for 43 years in Eszterhzy Kroly College. During this time he leads the Mathematics Department. In 1972 creates the curriculum of the teacher-training colleges. In 1984 gets Chief-Director Assignment which he fulfilled for six years In 1990 the under his management The Computer Science Department created.

Imre Perge was founder and determinative individual of educating Computer Science. His 10 textbook and over 20 studies was issued. His work was honored by "Tarjn"-prize by the Neumann Jnos Szmtgp-tudomnyi Trsasg in 1989.

It was Imre Perge's request his note to be issued again revised. We hope with my colleague Csaba Br this task fulfilled worthy.

Since these notes are available everyone for free, we hope it will be read by not only the students, but everybody who is interested. We receive any report thankfully about any accidental mistakes, or suggestions from our readers. You may write to the following address: emod@ektf.hu By the help of our readers, we can make the corrections in short time, since this is an e-book.

In the name of authors, Dr. Emd Kovcs

Introduction

Introduction

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2. fejezet - COMPUTER SCIENCE - INFORMATICS

1. 1.1The place of Computer Science, Information Technology among science system

In the beginning of science we can talk about only one science, the philosophy which included "seeds" of other sciences. Philosophy intended to examine the whole reality and not only a special filed. During time disciplines disconnected from philosophy, which could be divided into two main groups:

NATURAL SCIENCES =

{,physics, chemistry, biology, ...}

and

SOCIAL SCIENCES =

{,history,literature ...}

Nowadays the differentiation of science is still goes on. On the level of disciplines new frontier sciences develop, for example biochemistry, physical-chemistry, etc. These sooner or later represent a new independent science in the system of sciences.

From the above sorting are missing some important disciplines. Such is mathematics, the oldest science. (Ancient philosophers were in general mathematicians too.) Mathematics in the context of other disciplines regarding its origin is directly connected with natural sciences, however the mathematics itself is not a natural science. Mathematics namely not deals with primary abstractions specific to a discipline, but the abstraction of these abstract concepts, that is secondary, or higher level of the abstractions. As a result, the scope of mathematics are significant in every discipline.

Mathematics in this respect is a new level between disciplines and philosophy. Let's name this level the level of general sciences. Following question is, is on this level another new science? In many respects the situation is similar about cybernetics, as about mathematics. The control, regulation and automation could be applied to many kinds of movement, living or non-living organizations.

GENERAL SCIENCES=

{,mathematics, cybernetics, ...}

As a frontier science of the mathematics and cybernetics came into being the computer science as a general science, which also could be applied in every field of the reality and nowadays in almost every discipline. Computer science is dealing with by mathematician models, procedures and methods and the use of cybernetic technical instruments (the computer plays an extraordinary role) the transition and process of the information. Information in the real world gets similar role as the material or energy. This concept we will refine later.

Computer science (in Hungarian szmtstechnika = computing-technic) is a not very accurate name. (In physics the horsepower is similar what is neither a horse, neither a power.) Computer science implements more general concepts than computing or technic. The name (Computer science) in many language is similar to Hungarian. In French, or German bibliography it is informatique and Informatik. The Hungarian form of these (informatika) in Hungary become common. However we should keep in mind that the name (informatika