DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL GHAZIABADPRIMARY WING SESSION 2014-15

NCO Examination Study Material for Preparation

Computer: Computer is an electronic device that can:

Perform calculations (with the help of CPU) Store results (in memory)

Parts of Computer: The computer is made up of CPU, Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse CPU: CPU is called the brain of computer or nervous system of computer. CPU has two parts; ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and Control Unit (direct the control of calculations). The ALU performs all mathematical and logical operations inside the computer.The screen of computer is divided into small dots called Pixels.

The CPU is made up of silicon chip

The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.

CPU or processor speed: A processor's speed is measured in megahertz (MHz), or millions of instructions per second, and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of instructions per second

Motherboard

The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, and connections to your computer's ports (such as USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer.

Power supply unit

The power supply unit in a computer converts the power from the wall outlet to the type of power needed by the computer. It sends power through the cables to the motherboard and other components Power Supply Unit

Hardware and Software:

Hardware: The parts of computer that we can touch and feel are called hardware. Examples of hardware are monitor, mouse, keyboard and CPU.Software: The parts of computer that cannot be touched or felt are called software. Examples of software are Kid Pix, Paint, MS WordData: The raw facts which are input to the computer are called data. For example digits 1,2 are dataInformation: When the computer processes the data with the help of commands (instructions), it is called information. Generally data is the input to the computer and information is the output given by the computer. For example when computer adds two digits 1and 2 and gives 3 as result, number 3 is the information where as digits 1 and 2 are data.

Types of memory

Primary Memory

(RAM and ROM)

Secondary Memory

(Hard disk, pen drive, CD Rom

Virus is a program made to harm the computer by damaging files and memory.Antivirus Software: is a special type of software used to protect computer from virus Examples of anti-virus software are Norton, Mcafee, Quick Heal etc.

Computer memory Computer has its own memory to save your work in the form of files and folders. The memory of computer is of two types:

RAM (Random Access Memory) Volatile memory, which means that your work on the

computer will be lost when the computer is shut down or power supply, goes off. RAM is a short-term memory.

The work stored in this memory can be read (obtained) and written (stored) randomly.

RAM is also called temporary memory and keeps currently opened files. RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB)

Types of RAM – static RAM and dynamic RAMROM (Read Only Memory)

Non-volatile memory which means that the contents of memory will not be erased even if power supply is not there or the computer is shut down,

Content can only be read from ROM and cannot be erased or written onto it. ROM is also called permanent memory and keeps programs important to boot the computer.

Types of ROM: PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

Secondary Memory: Secondary memory is that memory that keeps your work permanently unless you delete it. Different types of secondary memory are:Hard disk or magnetic disk: this memory is fixed into your computer. So whenever you save any file, you save it in hard disk. Pen drive: stores your files and can be moved from one place to another. USB flash drive or pen drive is basically a small, removable flash hard drive that plugs into a USB port. These are a convenient way to bring your files with you and open them on a different computer.CD ROM: stores you files and make them permanent which means that once the files are stored they can only be read and cannot be deleted or changed, CD ROM means COMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMORY.

KEYBOARD – A NORMAL KEYBOARD HAS 101 KEYSAlphanumeric Keypad: It consists of keys for English alphabets, 0 to 9 numbers, and special characters like +− / * ( ) etc.

Function Keys: There are twelve function keys labeled F1, F2, F3… F12. The functions assigned to these keys differ from one software package to another. These keys are also user programmable keys.

RAM chip

For Example F1 key - opens help Enter: It is similar to the ‘return’ key of the typewriter and is used to execute a command orprogram. It also brings the cursor to next line.Spacebar: It is used to give space between letters or numbers. Backspace: This key is used to move the cursor one position to the left and also delete theCharacter in that position. It deletes the characters written to left hand side of the document.Delete: It is used to delete the character at the cursor position. It deletes the character written to right hand of the document.Insert: Insert key is used to toggle between insert and overwrite mode during data entry.Shift: This key is used to type capital letters when pressed along with an alphabet key. Alsoused to type the special characters located on the upper-side of a key that has twocharacters defined on the same key.Caps Lock: Caps Lock is used to toggle between the capital lock features. When ‘on’, it locks the alphanumeric keypad for capital letters input only.Tab: Tab is used to move the cursor to the next tab position defined in the document. Also,it is used to insert indentation into a document.Ctrl: Control key is used with other keys to provide additional functionalityon the keyboard. For example, CTRL + C copies the selected text, file or picture.Alt: Also like the control key, Alt key is always used in combination with other keys toperform specific tasksALT key, Shift key and Ctrl key are always used in combination with other keys of the keyboard. They are therefore also called combination keys.Esc: This key is usually used to cancel a command. Also used to cancel or abort executingprograms.Numeric Keypad: Numeric keypad is located on the right side of the keyboard and consists of keys having numbers (0 to 9) and mathematical operators (+ − * /) defined on them. This keypad is provided to support quick entry for numeric data.Symbol Keys – Keys like ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘?’ are called symbol keys.

Cursor Movement Keys: These are arrow keys and are used to move the cursor in the direction indicated by the arrow (up, down, left, right).

FUNDAMENTALS OF WINDOWS & PAINTThe process of starting a computer is called Booting.Desktop: first screen which appears on the computer once booting is complete.Windows use GUI : Graphical User Interface (pictorial view)Taskbar: appears at the bottom of the window, displays the programs running on the computer. At one end of taskbar start button displays and at the other end system tray which contains clock and some icons (which are called as quick launch)Recycle Bin: Deleted items from the computer go to recycle bin Start menu: You can open your programs from start menu

My documents: my documents stores your files and folders. All your files and folders are by default saved in My documentsMy Computer: My computer lists all drives in your computer.

Different versions of windows

Windows is an operating system developed by the company Microsoft. Till date various versions of windows software have been launched in the market. Some of the versions of windows are Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows 2007 and the latest version is windows 2008.

Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs.Some features of Windows 7 are:

Touch and handwriting recognition Improved booting Windows 7 uses a group of features called Windows Aero.. Aero includes Snap, Peek, Shake and

Flip. Snap allows you to resize open windows to make reviewing and comparing easier. You can view your open windows on the taskbar by using Peek.When your desktop is cluttered with

open windows, you can use Shake to select a single window and close the rest. With Shake, you can click the top of a window and give your mouse a shake to minimize all the other windows. Shake again, and the other windows return.

Icons: the desktop contains program which can open by clicking on their small images called icons.

MS PAINT in WINDOWS 7

To open paint brush:Start – all programs – accessories-paint

Open Paint by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, clicking Accessories, and then clicking Paint.

Use the Pencil tool to draw thin, free-form lines or curves.

Use the Brushes tool to draw lines that have a different appearance

Use the Line tool to draw a straight line. When using this tool, you can choose the thickness of the line, as well as the appearance of it.

Cut paste

The options cut, copy and paste are paste are present in clipboard groupWhen you cut or copy any picture it goes to clipboard and when you paste it the picture is taken from the clipboard.VIEW TAB IN PAINT (WINDOWS 7)

\

HOME TAB

Selecting an image

Main menu Selecting an image

Flip/rotate: You can flip the image horizontally or vertically Sketch/Skew: stretch will make the image narrower, wider, shorter or taller. Skew gives the 3D kind of image, it will shift the top portion to the left and bottom portion of the image to the right.Invert colours: it will change the image like a photograph Foreground and Background colors in PaintClicking any color from the color box with left click of the mouse will choose the foreground color, whereas right click will choose the background color File, Folder and File Extensions Whatever work you do inside the computer, it is saved in the form of a File. Just like you can arrange your drawing sheets in a folder, similarly Folders in computer arranges your files.Files are saved with a file extension. File extensions tell the computer about the type of file.Some examples of file extensions are:

Ms Word: .doc or docx (for ms word 2007)Ms Paint: .bmpMs Powerpoint: .ppt (.pptx for MS PowerPoint 2007 )Ms Excel: .xls (.xlsx for Microsot Excel 2007)

Computer data Measurement units:

0 AND 1 - BITS (Binary digits – two digts 0 and 1 in binary number system)4 BITS – 1 NIBBLE8 BITS – 1 BYTE1 KILO BYTE -1024 BYTES 1 MEGABYTE- 1024 KBYTE1 GIGABYTES-1024 MBYTES1 TERABYTE -1024GB

One character is of one byte in computer.

So the word COMPUTER has 8 character and so the size is 8 bytes of memory.

Types of computer:

MICRO COMPUTER – uses microprocessor chip as the CPU (like personal computer, laptop and desktop) MINI COMPUTER- also called mid-range computers (of the size between mainframe and microcomputer)MAINFRAME COMPUTER : supports hundreds of users at the same time, used in ATM machinesSUPER COMPUTER: very powerful computers, used in weather forecasting and climatic research.

ANALOG COMPUTER: works on analog input like temperature and pressureDIGITAL COMPUTER: works on digital input (digits 0 and 1)HYBRID COMPUTER: works on both digital and analog signals

(Refer chapter 5 of your DPSG spiral for more on types of computer)Generation of Computers

First Generation Computer: Eg: Vacuum Tubes : big, clumsy, high consumption of electricity

Second Generation Computer:

Eg: Transistors: faster than 1st generation, magnetic tapes and discs were used.

Third Generation Computer:

Eg: Integrated circuits: High level language

Fourth Generation Computer

Eg: VLSI : Very large scale integration

Fifth Generation Computer: Eg: Artificial intelligence, speech recognition, intelligent

Types of Computer Network

LAN: Local Area Network. Example network in computer lab.

WAN: Wide Area Network. Example Internet

Man: Metropolitan Area Network. Example Cable TV network, dish TV network.

robots, use of superconductors

(Refer chapter 3 of DPSG for more on generation of computers)

Points to remember

1. Magnetic disk stores the information in computer

2. When computer stops working suddenly it is called crash.

3. Different stylesof letter writing are called fonts. Some of the popular fonts are Times New Roman, Arial, Comic Sans etc.

4. Exit allows you to leave the program

5. Set of instructions is called as program. Set of program is called as software.

6. File,Edit,View,Tools options are available in Menu bar

7. Format painter option is used to apply the same formatting to other text for this we have to first select text whose formatting we want to apply, then click on format painter and click on the text whose formatting we want to change.

8. MS DOS, UNIX,WINDOWS 98 are examples of operating systems.

9. Blog is a website on which information is posted on regular basis.

10. Control Unit (CU) is also called as nervous System of computers.

11. The first network formed was ARPANET.

12. Internet address is written as www.yahoo.com. The way a website address is written is called

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

13. Email address is written as xyz@gmail.com

14. Google is the most famous search engine

15. >,<,? They are called as symbol keys.

16. Individual articles posted on blogs are called blog posts.

17. ASCII: binary representation of eight numbers.

18. Some web browsers are Internet explorer, Google chrome

19. A ALPHABET is normally used for floppy drive

20. The first step of starting of computer is called booting.

21. You can take out the CDROM from CDROM drive by clicking on Eject button.

22. In MS word green line under sentence indicates grammatical mistake.

23. Freeware is the copywrite software that is distributed for free by the developers.

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

Ctrl+M Indent the paragraph

Ctrl+N Opens new window (or new document)

Ctrl+O Open document from computer

Ctrl+P Opens the print window

Ctrl+R Aligns the selected text right

Ctrl+A Selects all contents of the current document

Ctrl+B Makes the selected text (content) bold, or vice-versa

Ctrl+C Copy the selected text (or content)

Ctrl+E Aligns the line or selected text to center of the window

Ctrl+F Opens find box

Ctrl+G Opens the ‘go to’ dialog box

Ctrl+H Opens the ‘Replace’ dialog box

Ctrl+I Make the highlighted text italics

Ctrl+K Insert link to selection (or hyperlink)

Ctrl+L Aligns selection to left

Ctrl+S Saves the document

Ctrl+T Functions like ‘tab’ button

Ctrl+] To increase font size

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES Input Devices:

The devices or parts of computer which are used to enter text, sound or pictures into the computer are called input devices..Input output devices are also called peripherals since they surround the CPU

MOUSE can point and select options on the compute

JOYSTICK has push buttons to play games.

Keyboard Is used to type letters and numbers into the computer

MICROPHONE used to record sound.

DIGITAL CAMERA A digital camera can be used to take pictures. It can be hooked up to a computer to transfer the pictures from the camera to the computer.

SCANNER A scanner is used to copy pictures or other things and save them as files on the computer

Touch screen a computer screen or other screen that you can touch with your finger to enter information Examples of touch screens include a smart board, a microwave, a dishwasher, or an ATM at a bank.

OUTPUT DEVICES Output devices are the devices that put something out of the computer. With the help of output devices, you can see text and images, hear sound and watch movies on the computer.

Monitor Just like your television shows your favorite programs, monitor shows whatever you enter into the computer. For example, it shows all your text, pictures and movies. It shows your work on the screen.

Printer A can print text and pictures stored inside your computer. The text or image that it prints is called hard copy. The copy of your work that you see on monitor and that is saved inside your computer is called Soft copy.

Projector It can be connected to a computer and can display your work onto a bigger area like whiteboard or white screen

Speakers used to hear sounds stored inside your computer.

Headphone an output device used to listen sounds from your computer but without disturbing others.

Computer takes data and instructions as input and give result as outputInput Output Cycle There is a cycle by which input devices work on whatever you enter and they give the result in the form of output on an output device. This process of changing input into output is called Input Processing Output Cycle.

ABOUT INTERNET

1) A group of computers connected to each other for exchanging and sharing information is called a Computer Network. Computers connect to each other and form a network to share their resources (like printer) and exchange information (like files).

2) Internet is a collection of a large number of networks. Internet is sometimes also called Network of Networks.

3) The first computer network was formed by United States Department of Defense and was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Uses of Internet

1) Searching Information .Some popular search engines are Yahoo, Google, alta vista etc.2) Online Shopping: some shopping websites are www.homeshop18.com, www.flipkart.com3) Communication through e-mail, chat, messenger 4) Sharing of files, printer and MODEM

When you copy something from Internet onto your computer, it is called Downloading.

When you put something (like a poem or your PowerPoint presentation) on Internet, it is called Uploading.

Doing business (buying or selling) on internet is called E-commerce.

E-mail or Electronic Mail Mail sent through computers to someone with the help of internet is called electronic mail or e-mail. Some important terms used in E-mail are:

BCC: Blind Carbon CopyCC: Carbon CopyInbox: is the folder that stores the files received.Outbox: is the folder that stores the files sent SPAM: Sales and Promotional Advertising Message World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents (documents linked to each other) viewed over the Internet.

World Wide Web is called a web page. The first web page on a web site is called Home Page. A Web Browser is a software using which you can view websites on Internet. Example of a web

browser includes Internet Explorer, Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox A Website is basically a collection of web pages related to each other by a certain topic Every website

has an address beginning with www (for World Wide Web). Some examples of websites are www.yahoo.com, www.Indiatimes.com. The address of a website is

called Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Moving from one website to another on Internet is called Surfing or Browsing. A search engine is a web site that collects and organizes content from all over the

Internet.www.google.co is the world most popular search engine. ISP- Internet Service Provider. Examples of ISPs are Tata Indicom, Airtel, Reliance etc.

About LOGOLOGO is a very simple computer language. It is very easy to learn and use. LOGO is used to draw figures and perform simple arithmetic calculations

What is Word 2010Microsoft Word 2010 is a word-processing program, designed to help you create professional-quality documents.

ABOUT MS WORD

MS Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft Corporation. Word Processing software is a software which can help you to create, edit and format documents like

reports, letters, banners, posters and greeting cards.

Command Use Purpose

FD FD<space> <number of steps> eg. FD 50

Moves the turtle forward

BK BK<space> <number of steps> Eg BK 50

Moves the turtle backwards

RT RT<space> <angle> Eg. RT 90

Turns the turtle towards right

LT LT<space> <angle Turns the turtle towards left

Home Brings the turtle back to the starting position

Clean Erases the drawing on the screen

Common features of a word processing are editing (cut, copy and paste), formatting (font size style and highlighting) and page layout (setting margins, borders, columns, spacing etc.)

The file extension to save MS Word file is .doc in MS Word 2003 and .docx in MS Word 2007. The blinking line on a document in Ms Word is called cursor. Scroll Bar: There are two scroll bars in the MS Word window. The vertical scroll bar is located to

the right in a document. It lets you move up and down a document. The horizontal scroll bar is located at the bottom of a document and helps you to move left and right in the document.

Drawing tool Bar: It consists of buttons that let you put various shapes like circles, lines, rectangles etc. in your document

Format menu contains options to change font color, style, size, add borders and shading, align text in paragraph, adjust line spacing and add bullets and numbering to your text.

The View menu contains three options to view your document: print layout, normal view and web layout view (the way page will be visible if posted on a website)

The Insert menu contains options to add date, time, picture table and other objects to a document Tools menu contains tools like spelling and grammar checker, word count, mail merge etc. Table menu contains options to create, edit, format and delete tables in Ms word The Window menu contains options to arrange and split documents while working on more than one

document at the same time.

Find and apply a template

Word 2010 allows you to apply built-in templates, to apply your own custom templates, and to search from a variety of templates available on Office.com. Office.com provides a wide selection of popular Word templates, including basic resumes, job-specific resumes, agendas, print business cards, and faxes.

To find and apply a template in Word, do the following:

1. On the File tab, click New.2. Under Available Templates, do one of the following:

To use one of the built-in templates, click Sample Templates, click the template that you want, and then click Create.

To reuse a template that you’ve recently used, click Recent Templates, click the template that you want, and then click Create.

To use your own template that you previously created, click My Templates, click the template that you want, and then click OK

To find a template on Office.com, under Office.com Templates, click the template category that you want, click the template that you want, and click Download to download the template from Office.com to your computer.

Create a new document1. Click the File tab and then click New.2. Under Available Templates, click Blank Document.3. Click Create.

Open a document1. Click the File tab, and then click Open.2. In the left pane of the Open dialog box, click the drive or folder that contains the document.

3. In the right pane of the Open dialog box, open the folder that contains the drawing that you want.

4. Click the document and then click Open.

Save a documentTo save a document in the format used by Word 2010 and Word 2007, do the following:

1. Click the File tab.2. Click Save As.3. In the File name box, enter a name for your document.4. Click Save.

To save a document so that it is compatible with Word 2003 or earlier, do the following:1. Open the document that you want to be used in Word 2003 or earlier 2. Click the File tab.3. Click Save As.

4. In the Save as type list, click Word 97-2003 Document. This changes the file format to .doc

5. In the File name box, type a name for the document.

6. Click Save.

Read documents1. Open the document that you want to read.2. On the View tab, in the Document Views group, click Full Screen Reading

3. To move from page to page in a document, do one of the following: Click the arrows in the lower corners of the pages. Press PAGE DOWN and PAGE UP or SPACEBAR and BACKSPACE on the keyboard. Click the navigation arrows at the top center of the screen. Tip    Click View Options, and then click Show Two Pages to view two pages, or screens, at a

time.Track changes and insert commentsTo turn on change tracking, on the Review tab, in the Tracking group, click Track Changes.

To insert a comment, on the Review tab, in the Comments group, click New Comment.

Print your document1. Click the File tab and then click Print. Do the following:Under Print, in the Copies box, enter the number of copies that you want to print. Under Printer, make sure that the printer that you want is selected.

Under Settings, the default print settings for your printer are selected for you. If you want to change a setting, click the setting you want to change and then select the setting that you want.

3. When you are satisfied with the settings, click Print.