Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

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Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Revisions to Revisions to National Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality

Standards for Ozone and Standards for Ozone and Particulate MatterParticulate Matter

Douglas WatsonDouglas WatsonKansas Air Quality SeminarKansas Air Quality Seminar

March 5-6, 2008March 5-6, 2008Kansas Department of Health and EnvironmentKansas Department of Health and Environment

Bureau of Air and RadiationBureau of Air and Radiation


Under section 109(d) of the Under section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act, EPA must Clean Air Act, EPA must

review each of its National review each of its National Ambient Air Quality Ambient Air Quality

Standards (NAAQS) every Standards (NAAQS) every five years. five years.

Our Vision - Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter


Revisions to Particulate Matter Revisions to Particulate Matter StandardsStandards

PM2.5 Standards Review completed in 2006 EPA strengthened the 24-hr PM2.5

standard from 1997 level of 65 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3) to 35μg/m3, and

EPA retained the current annual PM2.5 standard at 15μg/m3


Revisions to Particulate Matters Revisions to Particulate Matters StandardsStandards

Attainment of PMAttainment of PM2.52.5 Standards Standards 24-Hour Standard24-Hour Standard

An area will meet the 24-hour standard if the 98th percentile of 24-hour PM2.5 concentrations in a year, averaged over three years, is less than or equal to the level of the standard of 35 μg/m3

Annual StandardAnnual Standard An area will meet the annual PM2.5 standard

when the three-year average of the annual average PM2.5 concentration is less than or equal to 15 μg/m3



PMPM1010 Standards Standards EPA retained the existing national 24-hr

PM10 standard of 150μg/m3

EPA revoked the annual PM10 standard, Available evidence generally does not suggest a

link between long-term exposure to current levels of coarse particles and health problems

EPA protecting all Americans from effects of short-term exposure to inhalable coarse particles by retaining the existing daily PM10 standard of 150μg/m3


Revisions to Particulate Matter Revisions to Particulate Matter StandardsStandards

Attainment of PMAttainment of PM1010 Standards Standards

An area will meet the 24-hour PM10 standard when the 150μg/m3 level is not exceeded more than once per year on average over a three year period



Kansas PM2.5

24-hr Standard3-Year Avg. of 98th Percentile

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007

µg

/m3

Mine Creek

Wichita Health Dept.

Peck (Sumner Co.)

KCK-JFK

PM2.5 24-hr Standard = 35 µg/m3



Kansas PM2.5

Annual Standard3-Year Average of Annual Mean

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

15.0

18.0

2000-2002 2001-2003 2002-2004 2003-2005 2004-2006 2005-2007

µg

/m3

Mine Creek

Wichita (Health Dept.)

Peck (Sumner Co.)

Kansas City (JFK)

PM2.5 Annual Standard = 15.0 µg/m3



Kansas PM10

24-hr Standard 2nd Max 24-hr Average

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

µg

/m3

Dodge City

Wichita (Health Dept.)

Goodland

Kansas City (420 Kansas)

PM10 24-hour NAAQS = 150 µg/m3


8-hour Ozone8-hour Ozone


Proposed Revisions to Ozone Proposed Revisions to Ozone StandardStandard

On June 20, 2007, EPA proposed revisions to the On June 20, 2007, EPA proposed revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground-level ozonelevel ozone

The proposed revisions reflect new scientific The proposed revisions reflect new scientific evidence about ozone and its effects on people and evidence about ozone and its effects on people and public welfarepublic welfare

The proposed revisions would affect two types of The proposed revisions would affect two types of ozone standards:ozone standards: Primary standards to protect public health, including the Primary standards to protect public health, including the

health of “sensitive” populations such as people with health of “sensitive” populations such as people with asthma, children, and older adultsasthma, children, and older adults

Secondary standards to protect public welfare and the Secondary standards to protect public welfare and the environment, including sensitive vegetation and ecosystemsenvironment, including sensitive vegetation and ecosystems



Current standards were set in 1997 (most recent Current standards were set in 1997 (most recent revision)revision)

Primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) Primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) standards are both 0.08 parts per million (ppm), with an standards are both 0.08 parts per million (ppm), with an 8-hour averaging time8-hour averaging time Because of rounding, these standards are effectively 0.084 ppmBecause of rounding, these standards are effectively 0.084 ppm EPA, states and tribes collect data about ozone levels from air EPA, states and tribes collect data about ozone levels from air

pollution monitors. It takes three consecutive years of data to pollution monitors. It takes three consecutive years of data to determine if an area is meeting (attaining) the standardsdetermine if an area is meeting (attaining) the standards

An area attains the current standards if: the three-year average An area attains the current standards if: the three-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentration measured at each monitor does not exceed ozone concentration measured at each monitor does not exceed 0.084 ppm0.084 ppm

EPA’s Current Ozone Standards



Proposed Revisions to Primary Ozone Standard

The EPA Administrator has determined that the The EPA Administrator has determined that the current standard is not sufficient to protect public current standard is not sufficient to protect public health.health.

EPA proposes that a standard set within the range of EPA proposes that a standard set within the range of 0.070 to 0.075 ppm would protect public health with 0.070 to 0.075 ppm would protect public health with an adequate margin of safetyan adequate margin of safety

EPA allowed comment on a range of alternative levels EPA allowed comment on a range of alternative levels for the standard down to 0.060 ppm and up to the level for the standard down to 0.060 ppm and up to the level of the current standardof the current standard

EPA also proposes to specify the level of the primary EPA also proposes to specify the level of the primary standard to the nearest thousandth ppm (“third standard to the nearest thousandth ppm (“third decimal place”)decimal place”)


Exposures to ozone can: Reduce lung function, more difficult to Reduce lung function, more difficult to

breathebreathe Irritate airways, causing cough, sore throat, Irritate airways, causing cough, sore throat,

shortness of breathshortness of breath Increased frequency of asthma attacksIncreased frequency of asthma attacks Inflame and damage the lining of lungInflame and damage the lining of lung Increase susceptibility to respiratory infectionIncrease susceptibility to respiratory infection Aggravate chronic lung diseases like asthma, Aggravate chronic lung diseases like asthma,

emphysema, and bronchitisemphysema, and bronchitis




Kansas OzoneProposed Primary Standard

0.060

0.065

0.070

0.075

0.080

JFK Heritage Park Leavenworth Mine Creek Cedar Bluff Peck Wichita HealthDept

Park City

pp

m

02-04 Average 03-05 Average 04-06 Average 05-07 Average

Range of Proposed Standard



Proposed Revisions to Secondary Ozone Standard EPA is proposing two alternatives for the secondary EPA is proposing two alternatives for the secondary

ozone standard:ozone standard: A new cumulative, seasonal standard, orA new cumulative, seasonal standard, or A standard identical to the proposed primary standardA standard identical to the proposed primary standard

The proposed new seasonal standard is known as The proposed new seasonal standard is known as “W126”“W126” W126 is a cumulative index form that weights and sums hourly W126 is a cumulative index form that weights and sums hourly

measurements over a given period of timemeasurements over a given period of time EPA is proposing both a daily and seasonal time period over EPA is proposing both a daily and seasonal time period over

which to cumulate the weighted hourly measurements during which to cumulate the weighted hourly measurements during the ozone season:the ozone season:

A 12-hour daily periodA 12-hour daily period And a seasonal period consisting of the three months of maximum And a seasonal period consisting of the three months of maximum

W126 index valueW126 index value


Proposed Revisions to Ozone Proposed Revisions to Ozone StandardsStandards

Kansas Ozone Proposed Secondary Standard

W126

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

pp

m-h

rs

2005

2006




MilestoneMilestone DateDateSignature—Final RuleSignature—Final Rule March 2008March 2008

Effective Day of RuleEffective Day of Rule(60 days following publication in (60 days following publication in

Federal Register)Federal Register)Approximately June 2008Approximately June 2008

State Designation State Designation Recommendations to EPARecommendations to EPA

June 2009June 2009

(based on 2006-2008 (based on 2006-2008 monitoring data)monitoring data)

Final Designations SignatureFinal Designations Signature Approximately June 2010Approximately June 2010

Effective Date of DesignationEffective Date of Designation Approximately 2010Approximately 2010

SIPs DueSIPs Due Approximately 2013Approximately 2013

Attainment DatesAttainment Dates 2013-2030 depending on 2013-2030 depending on severity of problemseverity of problem


Kansas City OzoneKansas City Ozone 2007 Ozone Season2007 Ozone Season

Low 4Low 4thth highest daily maximum 8-hr average highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations from the 2004 ozone ozone concentrations from the 2004 ozone season for monitors in the Kansas City area season for monitors in the Kansas City area drop off the 3-year averagedrop off the 3-year average

Cool and wet summer in the region led to low Cool and wet summer in the region led to low ozone concentrations for the 2004 ozone ozone concentrations for the 2004 ozone seasonseason

2005 and 2006 ozone seasons in Kansas City 2005 and 2006 ozone seasons in Kansas City yielded many days in which monitors yielded many days in which monitors exceeded levels of the standardexceeded levels of the standard

Stage was set for Kansas City to violate ozone Stage was set for Kansas City to violate ozone standardstandard

Violation occurred mid-JuneViolation occurred mid-June


Kansas City OzoneKansas City Ozone Understanding the 8-hour Ozone Understanding the 8-hour Ozone

StandardStandard The 3-year average of the 4The 3-year average of the 4thth highest highest

daily maximum 8-hr average ozone daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor concentrations measured at each monitor within an area over each year must not within an area over each year must not exceed 0.08 ppmexceed 0.08 ppm

A 3-year average of the 4A 3-year average of the 4thth highest daily highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentration maximum 8-hr average ozone concentration greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm is greater than or equal to 0.085 ppm is considered a violation of the ozone standardconsidered a violation of the ozone standard


#

##

#

#

#

#

#

JFK

Trimble

LibertyLeavenworthRocky Creek

Watkins Mill

Heritage Park

Richards Gebauer-South

R a yR a y

C a s sC a s s J o h n s o nJ o h n s o n

C l a yC l a y

J a c k s o nJ a c k s o n

P l a t t eP l a t t e

L a f a y e t t eL a f a y e t t e

C l i n t o nC l i n t o n

C a l d w e l lC a l d w e l lB u c h a n a nB u c h a n a n

M i a m iM i a m iF r a n k l i nF r a n k l i n

J e f f e r s o nJ e f f e r s o n

D o u g l a sD o u g l a s

J o h n s o nJ o h n s o n

A t c h i s o nA t c h i s o n

L e a v e n w o r t hL e a v e n w o r t h

W y a n d o t t eW y a n d o t t e

Kansas City Area Ozone Monitoring Network

0 8 16 24 324MilesLegend

# Kansas City Ozone Sites

Interstate Highway

US Highway

State Boundary

County Boundary²


Kansas City OzoneKansas City Ozone

2007 Ozone Season Update2007 Ozone Season Update Three sites currently have 2005-2007 Three sites currently have 2005-2007

averages of the 4averages of the 4thth highest daily highest daily maximum 8-hr average ozone maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations in violation of standardconcentrations in violation of standard Rocky Creek = 0.087 ppm Rocky Creek = 0.087 ppm Liberty = 0.087 ppmLiberty = 0.087 ppm Trimble = 0.085 ppmTrimble = 0.085 ppm



2007 Ozone Season Update2007 Ozone Season Update Kansas Monitors (2005-2007 Design Kansas Monitors (2005-2007 Design

Values)Values) Kansas City, KS – JFK = 0.077 ppmKansas City, KS – JFK = 0.077 ppm Leavenworth = 0.077 ppmLeavenworth = 0.077 ppm Heritage Park = 0.076 ppmHeritage Park = 0.076 ppm



Kansas City Area Ozone

0.060

0.065

0.070

0.075

0.080

0.085

0.090

JFK Heritage Park Leavenworth Liberty RichardsGebauer

South

Rocky Creek Trimble Watkins Mill

pp

m

02-04 Average 03-05 Average 04-06 Average 05-07 Average


Current Standard


QUESTIONS??QUESTIONS??

[email protected]@kdhe.state.ks.us


Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

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