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Chapter 16Chapter 16Management Information Systems:Management Information Systems:

Classic Models and New ApproachesClassic Models and New Approaches

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ObjectivesObjectives

List and describe the classic functions of List and describe the classic functions of managers: planning, organizing, staffing, managers: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controllingdirecting, and controlling

Describe the purpose and components of Describe the purpose and components of a management information system (MIS)a management information system (MIS)

Explain how computer networking and Explain how computer networking and related software have flattened the classic related software have flattened the classic management pyramidmanagement pyramid

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ObjectivesObjectives

Describe how companies use employees Describe how companies use employees in task-oriented teamsin task-oriented teams

Describe the purpose and function of Describe the purpose and function of sophisticated software for top managerssophisticated software for top managers

Explain the problems and solutions related Explain the problems and solutions related to managing personal computersto managing personal computers

Explain the concept of total cost of Explain the concept of total cost of personal computer ownershippersonal computer ownership

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Classic Management FunctionsClassic Management Functions

Planning – devising plans for the organization Planning – devising plans for the organization and setting goals to achieve the planand setting goals to achieve the planOrganizing – deciding how to use the Organizing – deciding how to use the organization’s resourcesorganization’s resourcesStaffing – hiring and training workersStaffing – hiring and training workersDirecting – guiding employees to perform their Directing – guiding employees to perform their work in a way that supports the organization’s work in a way that supports the organization’s goalsgoalsControlling – monitoring the organization’s Controlling – monitoring the organization’s progress toward reaching its goalsprogress toward reaching its goals

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Levels of ManagementLevels of Management

Strategic levelStrategic level

Tactical levelTactical level

Operational levelOperational level

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Management Information SystemManagement Information System

A set of formal business systems designed A set of formal business systems designed to provide information for an organizationto provide information for an organization Integrates the five management functionsIntegrates the five management functions

MIS manager runs the MIS departmentMIS manager runs the MIS department Also called Chief Information OfficerAlso called Chief Information Officer Must be comfortable with computer Must be comfortable with computer

technology and the organization’s businesstechnology and the organization’s business

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The New Management ModelThe New Management Model

The traditional model has changed over The traditional model has changed over the years the years Largely due to advances in technologyLargely due to advances in technology Also due to changes in the global business Also due to changes in the global business

environmentenvironment

Features of the new modelFeatures of the new model A flattened pyramidA flattened pyramid The impact of groupwareThe impact of groupware Teamwork Teamwork

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Top Managers and ComputersTop Managers and Computers

In the past, managers In the past, managers received printed reportsreceived printed reports Today, most managers have Today, most managers have

personal computers on their personal computers on their desksdesks

Systems designed for top Systems designed for top managersmanagers Decision support systemsDecision support systems Executive information systemsExecutive information systems

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Differences Between DSS and MISDifferences Between DSS and MIS

MIS emphasizes planned reports on a variety of MIS emphasizes planned reports on a variety of subjectssubjects DSS focuses on decision makingDSS focuses on decision making

MIS reports are standard, structured, MIS reports are standard, structured, scheduled, and routinescheduled, and routine DSS is unstructured and available on requestDSS is unstructured and available on request

MIS is constrained by the organizational systemMIS is constrained by the organizational system DSS is immediate and friendlyDSS is immediate and friendly

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Managing Personal ComputersManaging Personal Computers

Several problems emerged as Several problems emerged as personal computer usage personal computer usage explodedexploded

No one person managed the No one person managed the process of moving from process of moving from mainframe computers to PCsmainframe computers to PCs

Computers and software were Computers and software were not necessarily compatiblenot necessarily compatible

Users still needed the MIS Users still needed the MIS departmentdepartment

Needed help with hardware and Needed help with hardware and softwaresoftwareMIS department still had the dataMIS department still had the data

Workers needed trainingWorkers needed training

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Solutions to These ProblemsSolutions to These Problems

Create Create personal computer managerpersonal computer manager

Create Create acquisition policiesacquisition policies

Create information centersCreate information centers

Locate, count, and inventory personal Locate, count, and inventory personal computerscomputers

Consider the total cost of ownership of Consider the total cost of ownership of personal computerspersonal computers

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Chapter 16Chapter 16Management Information Systems:Management Information Systems:

Classic Models and New ApproachesClassic Models and New Approaches