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EXPOSURE TO NATURALLY OCCURRING HAZARDOUS MINERALS DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY

Clark Niewendorp

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries OD

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Organizations Sponsoring ResearchOregon Department of Transportation (ODOT)Research Unit200 Hawthorne Ave. SE, Suite B-240Salem, OR 97301-5192 Phone: (503) 986-2700

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)Washington, D.C. 20590

Principal Investigator(s)Clark NiewendorpOregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries800 NE Oregon Street #28Portland, OR 97232 Phone: (971) 673-1540

Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) MembersBart Bretherton, ODOTMichele Eraut, FHWARussell Frost, ODOTDon Lewis, DOGAMIMatthew Mabey, ODOT, ChairJeff Moore, ODOTRichard Young, ODOT

Friends of the CommitteeJennie Armstrong, ODOTDavid Brooks, ODOTKim Willoughby, WashDOT

Project CoordinatorMatthew Mabey, ODOT Research Unit

Project ChampionPaul Wirfs, ODOT ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp

This work is supported by the ODOT and FHWA Contract/Grant No. 686 and an Interagency Agreement with the ODOT and DOGAMI, No. 25296

Determine where selected NOHM may intersect ODOT operations

WHAT IS THIS PROJECT ABOUT…

Develop GIS datasets that inform ODOT personnel of the hazard characteristics of the selected NOHM

Assure that ODOT maintenance and construction activities take the presence of the selected NOHM into account

ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp


Approach -

Project Deliverables: NOHM GIS Interpretive Layer & Final Report

Catalog & Compile NOHM Database File(s)

Sampling and Detecting Procedures: Development & Implementation

Data Collection, Integration, and Processing to Tag NOHMs

Methods of Detecting NOHMs

List of NOHM Candidates

Toxicity - undesirable health effects:1) primary irritation

2) mutagenic (changes to genetic material)

3) reproductive (teratogenic)

4) tumorgenic

5) acute toxicity

6) other multiple dose toxicity

IARC (International Agency for Research on

Cancer) classification


ATSDR (Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry) ToxProfiles, 2007

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet for certain minerals

HAZ-MAP database The United States National Laboratory of Medicine’s (National Institutes for Health) list of toxicants

Scorecard The Pollution Information Site (http://www.scorecard.org)

NOHM Selection Criteria…

Class A

• Asbestiform asbestos (includes talc with asbestiform component and asbestiform amphiboles)

• Erionite• Arsenic• Mercury and its compounds• Antimony and its compounds• Chromium IV and its compounds (includes chromium III and its compounds) • Nickel and its compounds• Radionuclides (radon, radium, uranium)• Beryllium and its compounds• Cadmium• Lead and its compounds • Mineral fuels (including Bitumen)

Class B

• Cobalt and its compounds• Lithium and its compounds• Selenium and its compounds• Tin• Copper and zinc compounds


Selected NOHM…

Field truck and assay outfit used by the mining engineers of the Oregon Bureau of Mines and Geology, ca 1922

Sampling and Detecting Procedures: Development & Implementation


Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Electron Microprobe (EPMA)

Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM)

Imaging or Reflectance Spectroscopy

Raman Spectroscopy

Mossbauer Spectroscopy

Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission and Mass Spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy


www.bahaiperspectives.com/wp-content/uploads/

Methods of Detection…

Data Collection…

Oregon Geologic Data Compilation – OGDC

Mineral Information Layer for Oregon – MILO

USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data

Geoanalytical Information Layer for Oregon – GILO

USGS Geochemical Landscape Datasets

Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon – GTILO

Soda Spring Database

Available Published & Unpublished Geologic Reports

Oregon Geologic Data Compilation – OGDC

Mineral Information Layer for Oregon – MILO

USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data

Geoanalytical Information Layer for Oregon – GILO


Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon – GTILO


Available Published & Unpublished Geologic Reports


OGDC – Statewide Geologic Compilation


Geologic Geologic Data is Data is

taken fromtaken from

•Published Published Federal and Federal and State MapsState Maps

•Published Published and and unpublished unpublished “gray “gray literature” literature” mapsmaps

•Thesis and Thesis and dissertation dissertation mapsmaps

Geologic Geologic Data is Data is

taken fromtaken from

•Published Published Federal and Federal and State MapsState Maps

•Published Published and and unpublished unpublished “gray “gray literature” literature” mapsmaps

•Thesis and Thesis and dissertation dissertation mapsmaps


OGDC – Derivatives Maps


Tertiary Porphyry and Skarn Systems

Record Mine

Baker City

GIS database that can be used to make derivative maps

MILO – Mineral Information for Oregon


n = 18,819

AggregateMetalsIndustrial MineralsCoalGemstones

Includes USGS Mineral Resources On-line Spatial Data

GILO – Geoanalytical Information for Oregon


Whole-rockGeochemistry& trace elements

n = ??



NUREwater

sed

PLUTOsed

Ig

soil

RASSsed

soil

USGS sed

GTILO – Geothermal Information Layer for Oregon



Hot Springsn = 649

Soda Springsn = 36

Compile & Catalog

Compile & Catalog



OGDC & MILO

Six Federally Regulated Asbestiform Asbestos Minerals

Serpentine (scrolled sheet silicate):

Chrysotile: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4

Amphiboles (double chain silicate):

Riebeckite asbestos (crocidolite): Na2(Fe2+3,Fe3+

2)5Si8O22(OH)2

Grunerite asbestos (amosite): Fe2+7Si8O22(OH)2

Anthophyllite asbestos: Mg7Si8O22(OH)2

Tremolite asbestos: Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2

Actinolite asbestos: Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)5Si8O22(OH)2

More toxic

Less toxic

Chrysotile(the dominant form used industrially in the US)

AmositeCrocidolite

AsbestiformAnthophylliteAsbestiform

Tremolite/Actinolite

AsbestiformErionite (a

Zeolite)



NOHM Hazard Potential and Levels of Certainty

Most commonly associated with serpentine or ultramafic rock

May also occur in metamorphosed gabbro, basalt, carbonate rocks, or other metamorphic rocks

May occur in faults or shear zones or at geologic boundaries


Asbestiform Asbestos

• Sample formula: K2(NaCa0.5)[Al6Si30O72] · 28H2O

• Found in vesicles (cavities) and veins of volcanic rocks such as basalts, rhyolites, and andesites

• Forms as a devitrification product (the conversion of glass to crystalline material) of volcanic glass in tuffs


Erionite sprays, Agate Beach, Lincoln Co., Oregon, USA.

Erionite: The New Asbestos?


Near Buck Mountain, Lane CountyNear Buck Mountain, Lane County

Western Oregon Zeolites – Erionite?


Modified after Prostka, 1967)

The “Amphitheater”

Erionite’s type locality “The Amphitheater” near Durkee, Baker County


Rome Zeolite Deposits


Harney Lake Zeolites

Zeolites were discovered in 1959

www.nps.gov


Drilling in 2003 by Drilling in 2003 by Malheur MiningMalheur Mining

Kerby: “Bonanza” Gold Feeder Mineralization

Metals: Au, Ag, As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn


Hot Springs: Mercury and Uranium Association

Alvord ValleyAlvord Valley

McDermitt CalderaMcDermitt Caldera

Malheur

Harney


Detroit Lake Mineralization


Levels of Resource Potential:

Catalog: NOHM Hazard Potential

NOHM potential assignment criteria…

HIGH knowledge of NOHM presence in at least part of the area

MEDIUM favorable ground for the specific NOHM

LOW areas with little or no indication of having a specified NOHM

NO NOHM potential is lacking in a well-defined area

UNKNOWN areas where information is inadequate

Levels of Certainty:

A. Available information is not adequate for determination of the level of NOHM potential

B. Available information only suggests the level of NOHM potential

C. Available information gives a good indication of the level of NOHM potential

D. Available information clearly defines the level of NOHM potential

Catalog: Levels of Certainty


Based on Matrix

Project Deliverable…


No Problem?

NOHM Hazard Potential and Levels of Certainty


Polygon HP LC

2094 High C

Clark NiewendorpIndustrial Minerals Geologist

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries800 NE Oregon Street #28

Portland, OR 97232Tele: 971.673.1540

Email: [email protected]

Mineral Evolution: Earth magazine ODOT Geo-Hydro-HazMat Technical Presentation, September, 2009 Clark Niewendorp

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