WWII Part 3.pptsolomonr1.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/5/0/17505523/war_in...The War in Japan, 1944—1945...

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04/10/2014 1 Cause Germany needed oil to fuel the war effort and wanted to destroy the Soviet economy Both German and Soviet forces were forbidden to retreat Effect German forces attack Stalingrad, a rich industrial center on the way toward the oil fields of the south. Fighting in Stalingrad was ferocious, often house to house, and lasted over six months. The German army faced supply shortages and soldiers Stalingrad was far from Germany The Germans and the Soviets committed over a million troops each to the battle. supply shortages and soldiers were often lacking adequate supplies. The already undersupplied German army was devastated by the harsh winter. Both sides suffered incredible casualties, and the ultimate Germany defeat marked a turning point in the war in Europe. The Tehran Conference Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Tehran, Iran, in late 1943. The Soviets agreed to launch a major offensive against Germany from the east once the Allies invaded France in 1944. To prevent Germany from becoming too powerful, Roosevelt and Stalin agreed to divide the nation into smaller nations after the end of the war. The Soviets agreed to help the United States battle Japan after the war in Europe ended. Stalin agreed to the creation of an international peacekeeping organization after the end of the war. Answer these questions while the video is playing… 1. Why was DDay called history’s greatest invasion? 2 h h f h i i ? 2.What was the strategy for the invasion? 3. Who were the Allied leaders for the DDay invasion? 1. On DDay, June 6, 1944, American, Canadian, and British troops invaded the second front in Europe from the west and helped speed victory and an end to the war. 2. Bombers flew over the Cherbourg peninsula bombing roads and communication lines. Then the coast of Normandy was blasted with gunfire the coast of Normandy was blasted with gunfire from destroyers. Then invasion boats dropped men off on Omaha and Utah beaches on the Normandy coast. 3. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Omar Bradley, and British Field Marshall Montgomery commanded the troops on DDay. Operation Overlord: DDay Roosevelt and Churchill hoped to make Germany fight on both the Western and Eastern Fronts More than 100,000 soldiers stormed the chosen Normandy beaches of France on June 6, 1944 Invading along the beach in Normandy that met several strategic criteria several strategic criteria Including terrain and access to air, sea, and land transportation. American soldiers and equipment massed in England in preparation for the invasion. Despite casualties and difficult conditions, American, British, and Canadian troops occupied the beaches by the end of the day.

Transcript of WWII Part 3.pptsolomonr1.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/5/0/17505523/war_in...The War in Japan, 1944—1945...

Page 1: WWII Part 3.pptsolomonr1.weebly.com/uploads/1/7/5/0/17505523/war_in...The War in Japan, 1944—1945 • Okinawa – Invaded to gain a base close enough to Japan that it could be used

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Cause

• Germany needed oil to fuel the war effort and wanted to destroy the Soviet economy

• Both German and Soviet forces were forbidden to retreat

Effect• German forces attack 

Stalingrad, a rich industrial center on the way toward the oil fields of the south.

• Fighting in Stalingrad was ferocious, often house to house, and lasted over six months.

• The German army faced supply shortages and soldiers

• Stalingrad was far from Germany

• The Germans and the Soviets committed over a million troops each to the battle.

supply shortages and soldiers were often lacking adequate supplies.

• The already under‐supplied German army was devastated by the harsh winter.

• Both sides suffered incredible casualties, and the ultimate Germany defeat marked a turning point in the war in Europe.

The Tehran Conference

• Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Tehran, Iran, in late 1943. – The Soviets agreed to launch a major offensive against Germany from the east once the Allies invaded France in 1944.

– To prevent Germany from becoming too powerful, Roosevelt and Stalin agreed to divide the nation into smaller nations after the end of the war.

– The Soviets agreed to help the United States battle Japan after the war in Europe ended.

– Stalin agreed to the creation of an international peacekeeping organization after the end of the war.

Answer these questions while the video is playing…

1. Why was D‐Day called history’s greatest invasion?

2 h h f h i i ?2. What was the strategy for the invasion?

3. Who were the Allied leaders for the D‐Day invasion?

1. On D‐Day, June 6, 1944, American, Canadian, and British troops invaded the second front in Europe from the west and helped speed victory and an end to the war.

2. Bombers flew over the Cherbourg peninsula bombing roads and communication lines. Then the coast of Normandy was blasted with gunfirethe coast of Normandy was blasted with gunfire from destroyers. Then invasion boats dropped men off on Omaha and Utah beaches on the Normandy coast.

3. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Omar Bradley, and British Field Marshall Montgomery commanded the troops on D‐Day.

Operation Overlord: D‐Day• Roosevelt and Churchill hoped to make Germany fight on both the Western and Eastern Fronts– More than 100,000 soldiers stormed the chosen Normandy beaches of France on June 6, 1944

– Invading along the beach in Normandy that met several strategic criteriaseveral strategic criteria

• Including terrain and access to air, sea, and land transportation.

• American soldiers and equipment massed in England in preparation for the invasion.

– Despite casualties and difficult conditions, American, British, and Canadian troops occupied the beaches by the end of the day.

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Battle of the Bulge

• In December 1944, Hitler staged an offensive in Belgium that he hoped would cut Allied supply lines.

• American troops led by Eisenhower and Patton fought more vigorously, and the Allied troops forced the Germans to retreat in January 1945.

• Had drained German resources, and Soviet troops had made progress into Germany from the east.

• In March, U.S. troops attacking from the west crossed the Rhine River.

V‐E Day

• Hitler committed suicide on April 30.

• Soon, the Germans surrendered unconditionally.

8 9 b k " " f• May 8, 1945 became known as "V‐E Day" for "Victory in Europe."

The War in Japan, 1944—1945

• Iwo Jima– In February 1945, U.S. marines stormed the island of Iwo Jima, 

hoping to secure it as a refueling point for U.S. aircraft.– Intense fighting that resulted in more than 6,800 American 

casualties followed, but troops succeeded in capturing the island from the Japanese.

• Firebombing– American bombers had a hard time reaching targets in Japan.– Used firebombs made with napalm that would start fires even if 

the bombs missed their military targets.– These bombs became controversial because they also hurt and 

killed civilians, but they caused enormous damage to Japan's war industries.

The War in Japan, 1944—1945• Okinawa

– Invaded to gain a base close enough to Japan that it could be used to launch an invasion

– Fighting lasted for over two months– U.S. forces captured the island at the expense of some 12 000 deaths12,000 deaths

• Terms for Surrender– After Okinawa, Japan was looking for a way to end the war.

– American leaders demanded a surrender that would remove Emperor Hirohito from office.

• The Japanese, however, wanted their leader to retain power.

Manhattan Project

• By 1939, scientists had begun exploring the possibilities of nuclear fission.

• The secret U.S. scientific research project to build an atomic bomb was called the Manhattan Project.

• Its first major success was the construction of the first nuclear reactor at the University of Chicago in late 1942.

• By 1945, scientists had developed the atomic bomb.

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V‐J Day

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki

– August 6 and August 9, 1945

• Japan Surrenders

h bi i f h d i f h i– The combination of the destruction of the atomic bombs and the Soviet declaration of war caused Japan to surrender

– V‐J Day, or “Victory in Japan”—August 15, 1945—marked the Japanese surrender and official end of World War II