WWII on the Home Front
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Transcript of WWII on the Home Front
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WWII on the Home Front
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Opener
• How many sacrifices should the government ask you to make during war time? What sacrifices would you be willing to make in order to contribute?
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Rationing• Office of Price Administration
– regulate consumers – freezing prices, wages, rents,
rationing valuable goods• ration books for each family
member • Rationed items
– sugar– coffee– meat– butter– tires– gasoline
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• http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/idealabs/wwii/fullmovie.html
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Conservation
• Conserve food: Canning and Victory Gardens
• Water, fuel, material goods,
• Time and health: never miss a day of work
• Scrap and salvage drives– Pots, pans, shoes and
tires collected
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American Business
• Unprecedented control of businesses
• War Production Board • Office of War
Mobilization• Economic Boom: War
demand and government contracts
• Great Depression ends
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Raising Production• Raising Production:
– double the Axis Dec. 7 1942• Unions and Strikes:
– Companies/Unions agreed not to strike
– Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act (1943)
• Paying for the War:– Income Tax– War bonds $1.7 Trillion
(2012)
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Soldiers - Marines
• 16 million served – majority drafted
• 12% in combat • 25% never left the US
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Moving Population
• Moved away from country to big cities
• New towns around military/industry
• Los Angeles, Detroit, Seattle, and Baton Rouge - Boomtowns
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Women at War
• 216,000 Women served in none combat positions– Clerks– Cooks– Operators– Servants
• WASPs, WAACs, WAVES,
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Women at Work
• 25% of the workforce pre-war
• 5 million women joined
• Rosie the Riveter• Unequal pay -
temporary
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African-Americans at War
• 120,000 armed services
• Segregated Units• Many served in
noncombat roles
Tuskegee Airmen
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African Americans at Work
• 1.6 Million moved from the South
• 2 million blacks would find work in the war industries
• Double V
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Riots, Randolph and Rights
• Race Riots New York, Detroit
• A. Phillip Randolph march on Washington
• Fair Employment Practices Committee – prohibiting race
discriminating in war industries
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Mexican-Americans
• 750,000 Armed Services
• Braceros (Strong arms) Agricultural workers
• LA- Zoot Suit Riots– Week long brawl
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Closer
• How has government/civilian interaction changed in times of national emergency since WWII?
• Would you be willing to participate in rationing today to support the War on Terror? Why or why not?