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WWII - Introduction:
• Most devastating war in human history
• 55 million dead
• 1 trillion dollars
• Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict
• Widened to include most of the world
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Remember: Celebration Time
• Cheering the end of world war I, on Nov. 11, 1918.
• The long, horrible war had taken the lives of nearly 10 million soldiers.
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Germany After WWI
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Third Reich
• Nationalist
• imperialism– Continental empire– Autarky– Elimination of non-
Germans– Elimination of
enemies
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The Empire of Japan
– Autarky– Security– Expanding buffer
zones
• Anti-imperialist imperialism– Nationalist destiny
– “Asia for the Asians”
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How It BeganLots of factors
• WWI leftovers• Germany defeated in and had to pay cost of war. In
huge economic depression• Italy victorious but wanted more territory• Japan victorious but wanted China
• Outside factors…
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What Were These Outside Factors?
• Germany reduced size
• Organized League of Nations
• French and Britain unsure
• U.S. isolationist
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Fascism in Europe• Mussolini - “Il Duce”: 1922
– Invasion of Ethiopia - 1935
• Hitler - “Fuhrer”: Chancellor of Germany - 1933– Nazi Third Reich replaces Weimar Republic.– Promise of German economic recovery.– Beginnings of the Holocaust.– German rearmament begins.
• Spanish Civil War - 1930’s– Generalissimo Francisco Franco supported by fascists.
• Agreement permits Germany to rebuild Navy - 1935.• Remilitarization of the Rhineland - 1936
– German rejection of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Rise of Hitler
• Nazi Party organized, 1920s• Nazi party largest in Germany, 1932
• Hitler voted as chancellor, 1933
• New parliament created• 450, 000 members
• Larger than German army
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Adolf Hitler“Fuhrer”
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Hitler Gets Busy
• Gestapo Created -- April, 1933
• Jewish Boycott – April, 1933
• Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933
• 27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933
• 60,000 People in Camps – 1938
• Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941
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German Territorial Gains
• Austria – March, 1938
• Border of Czechoslovakia – Sept., 1938
• All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939
• Poland – Sept., 1939
• By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe
• World shocked as France falls to Germans
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Beginnings of War in Europe• German annexation of Austria (Anschluss) - March 1938.• Munich Crisis - September 1938.
– Czechoslovakia’s German-speaking Sudetenland.• Appeasement of Hitler by Western leaders. • British Prime Minister Chamberlain: “Peace in our time.”
• German occupation of Czechoslovakia - March 1939.• Italian occupation of Albania - April 1939.• Guarantee of protection of Poland: Britain and France.
– March 1939 (Also Holland and Belgium.)
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact - August 1939– Non-aggression treaty between Soviet Union and Germany.
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Start of World War II Germany's dictator, Adolf Hitler, had built Germany
into a powerful war machine.
World War II began on Sept. 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland.
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War in Europe• Invasion of Poland: Blitzkrieg - September 1939
– Tanks and Stuka dive bombers.– Soviet occupation of eastern Poland..
• May 1940 - Invasion of Netherlands, Belgium, and France.– Maginot Line proves ineffective to maneuver warfare.– Chamberlain yields office of Prime Minister to Churchill
• Battle of Britain - Summer 1940.– Operation Sea Lion - planned German invasion of England.
• Soviet annexation of Baltic States: June 1940.• Soviet invasion of Finland - November 1940.• German invasion of Soviet Union - June 1941.
– Operation Barbarossa
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Germany Allies
• Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939• Betrayed by 1941
• Mussolini and Italy, 1939• Off and on betrayed until Italian defeat in 1943
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Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan formed an alliance known as the Axis. Six other nations eventually joined the Axis.
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Alliance That Changes War
• Germany “allies” with Japan
• Japan was “China Hungry”
• Japanese angry over U.S. support of China
• Agreed to peace negotiations with U. S.
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Japanese Imperialism in Asia• Expansion - Natural Resources
– Formosa (Taiwan) - Annexed: 1895– Korea - Protectorate: 1905 Annexed: 1910– Invasion of Manchuria - 1931– War with China - 1937
• USS Panay sunk on Yangtze River.• Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Tse-tung.
– Occupation of French Indochina - 1940
• Embargo of oil and other natural resources - July 1941.– U.S., Great Britain, and the Netherlands.
• General Tojo: Military government installed - October 1941.
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HirohitoEmperor of Japan
World War II
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Pearl HarborDec. 7, 1941
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Damages
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Allies United:U.S.S.R, England and The U.S.
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Normandy Invasion, D-Day
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General Eisenhower Speaks
Talking to his men, general Dwight D. Eisenhower, commander of the Normandy invasion, wished paratroopers luck before they dropped behind German lines in France on d-day.
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D-Day - June 6, 1944 Landing on Normandy Beach
It was the largest sea borne invasion in history.
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The Air War
During world war II the B-24 bombers were used to strike factories, railroads, and other industrial targets.
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Some Casualties of World War II
Prisoners Homeless
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Germany SurrendersMay 7, 1945
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Germany At The End Of WWII