WWI(2nd Copy)

8/2/2019 WWI(2nd Copy)

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By: Group 2Marcojos, Mae

Bonoen,Angelique

Coronado,11Maircus IV Copyright


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I. Introduction

World War I

August 1914-November 1918

violent and destructive wars in Europeanhistory

more than 10 million killed

more than 20 million wounded

Great War or the World War

home front22Maircus IV Copyright


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I. Introduction: War Began

2 coalitions of European countries

Allied Powers

United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Serbia,

Montenegro and The Russian Empire

Japan (1914), Italy (1915), US (1917)

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (1914), Bulgaria (1915)

32 countries, 28 of which supported theAllies.

33Maircus IV Copyright


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Causes

Archduke FrancisFerdinand

heir to the throne ofAustria-Hungary

Assassinated by Serbiannationalist

sparkthat caused war tobe declared.

Germany

political and economic 44Maircus IV Copyright


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Other causes

The Scramble for Africa (1870-1914)

The dispute over Alsace Lorraine


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Other causes

The Russo-Turkish War

BALKAN (areabetween Austriaand Turkey)

Naval Race BritainandGermany


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Other causes

The alliance systems set up to

prevent war meant that anymajor political disputes wouldinevitably lead to a large ratherthan a small conflict.

Nationalism

A desire for independence


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OVERVIEW OF WORLD

WAR 1


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The Start of the War

vJuly 28, 1914- WorldWar I began when Austria-Hungary declared war onSerbia

vGermany, Russia, GreatBritain, and France -drawn into the war becausethey were involved intreaties that obligated them

to defend certain othernations

v Western and eastern frontsquickly opened along theborders of Germany andAustria-Hungary.


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The Western and EasternFronts

v WEST- Germany attacked first Belgium andthen France

v EAST - Russia attacked both Germany andAustria-Hungary

v SOUTH - Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia

vBATTLE OF MARNE

- September 59, 1914

- Western front became entrenched incentral France and remained that way for

the rest of the war. The fronts in the eastalso gradually locked into place.


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The Ottoman Empire

vOctober 1914 - Ottoman Empire joined thewar on the side of the Central Powers

vTwo German ships, flying the Ottoman flag,bombarded ports along the Russian Black Sea

coast on October 30.vRussia, Britain, and France declared waron the Ottoman Empire.

v Britain and France launched a failedattack on the Dardanelles

v British invasion of the GallipoliPeninsula and a separate campaignagainst the Turks in Mesopotamia.


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Trench Warfare1916 and 1917

vDominated by continued trench warfare inboth the east and the west

v Soldiers fought from dug-in positions, strikingat each other with machine guns, heavyartillery, and chemical weapons.

v Though soldiers died by the millions in brutalconditions, neither side had any substantivesuccess or gained any advantage.


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The United StatesEntrance and Russias Exit

vApril 1917- the UnitedStates, angered by attacksupon its ships in theAtlantic, declared war on

Germany.

vNovember 1917-Bolshevik Revolutionprompted Russia to pull outof the war.


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The End of the War andArmistice

v The fighting between exhausted,demoralized troops continued to plod alonguntil the Germans lost a number of individualbattles and gradually began to fall back.

vLate fall of 1918- war ended after the

member countries of the Central Powerssigned armistice agreements one by one.

vNovember 11, 1918 - Germany was thelast to sign its armistice

vRESULT OF THE AGREEMENTS:

- Austria-Hungary was broken up intoseveral smaller countries

- Germany, under the Treaty of Versailles,was severely punished with hefty economicreparations, territorial losses, and strict limitson its rights to develop militarily.


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Germany After the War

v TREATY OF VERSAILLES

- Germany was entirely toblame for the war was a blatantuntruth that humiliated theGerman people.

- The treaty imposed steep warreparations payments on Germany,meant to force the country to bearthe financial burden of the war.v Germany ended up paying only asmall percentage of the reparationsit was supposed to make, it wasalready stretched financially thin bythe war.v

Extremist groups, such as the NaziParty, were able to exploit thishumiliation and resentment and takepolitical control of the country in thedecades following.


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Aftermath of World War I

The German,Austro-

Hungarian, andRussian empiresceased to exist,

and the OttomanEmpire soonfollowed theminto oblivion.

New nations

Victors andvanquished alike

faced anenormousrecoverychallenge afterfour years offinancial loss,economic

deprivation, and


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Aftermath of World War I

The Treaty ofVersailles was

a peace treatythat officiallyended World WarI.

The U.S. Senaterefused toapprove the

treaty in part


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Lessonsfrom

The Great War


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Never go to war unless you think you can win.

Modern total wars of attrition between great power states will be economicallydebilitating for both the victor and vanquished alike.

Punitive peace proves problematic.

Chemical warfare is all, but too destructive to be considered as a means foraggression or defense.

Preparation is of utmost concern.


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Being exposed to unfamiliar and terrifying weapons has huge psychologicaleffects.

Despite the dawning of a modern world, cultured nations demonstrated awillingness to use chemical weapons to destroy each other, which signifies that

human beings usually goes back to two of their basic instincts: survival andsupremacy.

Inability and lack of urgency regarding how nations engage in war onlyaggravates existing conditions.

War only leads to yet another war.


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Though neutrality is a more favored way of dealing with wars, one cannot always drawa blind eye against them, especially if they conflict ones ideals and beliefs towards aparticular issue.

Shouldve been just a war between two nations, but instead was turned into a World

War by old treaties and obligations. (i.e What Germany was to Austria-Hungary) thatswhy sometimes, it is better to let those disagreeing countries settle their own issues whenpossible.

As soon as international warfare is launched, nobody can predict the outcome.

International war breeds civil war, and civil war is much more uglier and intolerablethan international war because there are no limits.

Technology of warfare expands much more rapidly than the capacity of political leadersto control it.


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Easy access of individuals todemocratic procedures is very fragile.

Warfare suspends democracy. Howhigh the price is victory? That's a

question we owe to the First World

War. And the question is still with ustoday


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And always in my ears was the deeprumble of the guns, those great

booming thunder blows, speaking fromafar and with awful significance of thegreat battle, which seemed to be

deciding the destiny of our civilization

and the new life of nations which wasto come perhaps out of all this death.

-from 'The Soul of the War' (1915) by journalist Philip Gibbs describingthe Battle of Marne


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The End

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