WWIChapter 27

Setting the Stage: WWI Causes WWI

Militarism Alliances

Imperialism Nationalism

The Spark = Assassination Archduke Franz Ferdinand

June 28, 1914

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-E6e8BW0l-E

Gavril Princep and the Blackhand

Franz Ferdinand’s Death Set into Motion a Deadly Web of Alliances

WWI Sides: The BelligerentsAllied Powers

France GB Russia Italy United States and

Japan (eventually)

Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria

WWI: A TOTAL WAR Total War = All

resources used for war Propaganda

Civilian responsibility

New Industrial weapons/inventions in land, air, sea

Weapons by Sea: Dreadnoughts Revolutionary Design All-Big Gun design Brand new race to

build the biggest and best Navy

Weapons by Sea: U-Boat Unterseeboot Submarine Utilized by Germany

to cut off support for Great Britain

Weapons by Air: Airplanes and Zeppelins

Red Baron

Weapons by Land: Machine Gun

Weapons by Land: Railroad Guns

Trenches

Trench Diagram

Trench Foot

• Originally it was thought Trench Foot was caused by poor morale• Actual Cause: prolonged exposure to damp cold conditions

Weapons by Land: Gas

Burns from Mustard Gas

Animal Messengers and Gas Masks

Weapons by Land: Tanks

Total War made WWI a… War of Attrition:

A slow wearing-down war in which each side tried to outlast the other

Theaters of War

Major Battles WWI 1914

Battle of Marne: W-front France stops German adv. into Paris Trench warfare begins

Battle of Tannenberg E-front Huge German Win! Prob. Germany in 2-front war

Verdun – February, 1916

Verdun – February, 1916

e German offensive.

e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

e German offensive.

e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

Major Battles WWI continued… 1915

Battle of Gallipoli Turkish-front Allie’s defeated by Ottoman E! Russia remains landlocked

United States Entry into WWI U.S. “neutral” until

April 6th, 1917 / May 28th 1918 our first victory at Cantigny

(North of Paris) Events that pushed

U.S. into WWI:1. Unrestricted Germ.

submarine warfare Sinking of Lusitania

Zimmerman Note / O throw of Russian Czar.

WWI Causalities – 16 mill. Dead

Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the Big 4:

GB: David Lloyd George France: George Clemenceau United States: Woodrow

Wilson Italy: Vittorio Orlando

Who were these men and what kind of “peace” did each of them want?

Areas of Concern Blame? Reparations? Colonies of Central Powers? Rhineland? Alsace-Lorraine? Saar? Poland? Danzig? Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Estonia? Czechoslovakia?

OTHER PROBLEMS W/ PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE…

No Russia or Central powers invited!

Other Problems w/ the Paris Peace Conference1. Russia and Central Powers not invited2. Political Problems3. Territorial Conflicts4. Reparations5. How to maintain peace

Force Wilson’s 14 Points

Freedom of seas, no secret treaties, no economic barriers, reduce arms, fair land divisions, establish League of Nations

WWI Causalities

Treaty of Versailles Officially ended WWI

1919

Treated Germany Harsh

Formed Independent Republics

Formed League of Nations

Europe Before WWI

Europe After WWI