WWF Plastic-Smart Cities (PSC): Reducing plastic leakage in...

WWF Plastic-Smart Cities (PSC): Reducing plastic leakage in cities around the world

©Vincent Kneefel I WWF NL

75%of plastic leakage in the ocean comes from uncollected waste

©Vincent Kneefel I WWF NL

Source: “Plastic Waste Inputs From Land Into The Ocean’, Jambeck et al, 2015

The countries with biggest mismanaged plastic waste issues are concentrated

in Asia. China, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam are the worst offenders

Source: The Next Wave, Investment Strategies For Plastic Free Seas, Trash Free Seas Alliance, 2017

Looking forwards to 2025, overall plastic consumption will increase by 50%.

Asia will continue to consume more plastic than all other regions put together

A majority of plastic pollution is originated in cities

which are facing significant challenges

Situation

• 80% Marine Debris is land-based leakage• 55% of the population lives in urban areas (2018), projected to rise to 68% by 2050• In developing countries, there is a direct correlation between income and plastic

consumption. On average urban areas have 10-20x disposable income as rural areas

Complication

• Systematic lack of collection and waste management, and a lack of economic incentives• Inadequate governance or political willpower to make investments• Producer are taking too little responsibility • General lack of consumer awareness or education• Innovations and best practices are not well known or widely available

Key questions How can WWF help cities drastically reduce plastic pollution?With a focus on key areas in value chain and ability to scale?

WWF is working on hands-on projects in SE Asia, while

building a global movement of PlasticSmart Cities

Movement & Knowledge Sharing Platform

WWF invites Cities to commit to ambition

plastic pollution targets in line with WWF’s No

Plastic in Nature vision and to develop and

disseminate Plastic Smart Action best

practices, to achieve our ambition of 1000

PlasticSmart Cities.

Pilot Country Projects

With funding from the Norwegian

Agency for Development Cooperation

(NORAD) and WWF NL, WWF

colleagues are currently working on

the ground with cities and tourism

areas in 5 pilot countries. The goal is

to scale up to 25 cities by 2021.

WWF is targeting Cities across SE Asia (active ones in bold)

P H I L I P P I N E SDavao City (Barangay 23-c) Island Garden City of SamalTagum CityDigos CityLupon, Davao OrientalSanta Cruz, Davao del SurSan Isidro, Davao OrientalManila City

C H I N A & H KHong KongShenzhen CitySanya CityChangsha CityShanghai CityQinghai Province

V I E T N A MPhú QuốcLong AnCù Lao Chàm - Hội AnDa NangCan ThoHo Chi Minh CityHa Long City – QuangNinh Province

T H A I L A N DKo SamuiHat YaiSurat ThaniPatong BeachPattaya CityHua HinKo Tao

I N D O N E S I ADenpasar ManadoLabuan Bajo/KomodoSemarangMakassarJakarta

PlasticSmart Cities Pillar timeline

January 2019:Initiate “No

Plastic in Nature”

campaign

February 2019:Identify pilot countries and

cities

July 2019:Realignment

and finalization of strategy and

approach

Now

PLASTICSMART CITIES – PRIORITY FOCUS AREAS

Value chain PSC Priority

Reduce Use Of Key Waste Plastics

Collection Services For Everyone

Landfill Management

Improved Recycling

Rationale / CommentFocusArea?

✓✓

✗

✓✓

✓

✓

The key issue in the region; should be our number one priority

Stopping the problem at source in Cities is critical and offering viable alternatives for reduction / reuse

Addressed through markets pillar; we will address indirectly through targeting SUP reduction

Critical in short/medium term as we transition to greater circularity

Encompassing both stimulating recycling infrastructure and markets

Plastic-Smart Cities Strategic Framework

Focus Areas:

REDUCE USE OF KEY WASTE PLASTICS

SEPARATION AND COLLECTION SERVICES

IMPROVED RECYCLING / REUSE

LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community

3. Policy & Governance Interventions

5. Build Local Collection + Sorting Systems, and Recycling Markets

(where necessary)

6. Identify And Scale Entrepreneurial Solutions

4. Facilitate Sector

Roundtables

1. Plastic-Smart Cities Commitment

7. Monitoring Through Citizen Science

Internal

Hybrid

External

Key

0. City Prioritization

2. Scoping & Action Planning

Potential WWF Roles

• WWF is fully responsible for the work and its outcomes. (E.g. WWF team drafts letter to city to get Plastic-Smart cities commitment) Internal

Hybrid

External

• WWF works closely with partners to achieve outcomes, where all partners have interest in outcomes being achieved (E.g. WWF works together with a training organisation to develop municipal waste management syllabus)

• WWF identifies external parties, who take full responsibility for outcomes. WWF may enable these third parties (e.g. third party designs and implements waste collection and sorting system in a city. WWF supports through fundraising, making stakeholder introductions, amplifying results with communications, etc.)


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



0. City Prioritization – Purpose And Desired Outcomes

Purpose

Desired Outcomes

• The Plastic-Smart Cities process in pilot countries begins by identifying the most attractive pilot cities to work with, based on: o The magnitude of our potential impact in reducing marine plastic

leakage, and;o The ease of operating in the environment; in particular the

political will to address the problem

• The outcome of this phase should be:1. City Assessment Template completed for all potential cities2. City Prioritisation Matrix completed, allowing high-level prioritization

of potential cities3. Plastic-Smart City Rollout Timeline detailing when engagement with

prioritized cities will take place

Low Medium High

Po

ten

tia

l Im

pa

ct

Proximity to Marine

Protected Area

There is no link to an MPA (land-

based, no river)

There is a weak link to an MPA and

a river is present.

The city is in close proximity to a

Marine Protected area (

Outcomes from

the assessment

should be charted

on this matrix, to

allow us to

prioritise focus

cities. Rationale

should be clearly

documentedHarder Easier

Lo

wH

igh

Ease of Operating

Po

ten

tia

l Im

pa

ct

High Priority Cities

0. City Prioritisation – Approach 2. City Prioritisation Matrix

City Rationale

1. City X

2. City Y

3. City Z

0. City Prioritisation – Approach3. Plastic-Smart City Rollout Timeline

City Action H2 2019 H1 2020 H2 2020 H1 2021 H2 2021 H1 2022 H2 2022 H1 2023 H2 2023

City 1 City Engaged

PSC Commitment Signed

City 2 City Engaged


City 3 City Engaged


The following template should be completed to show the timeline for engaging with

prioritised cities:

Note: Next sections lays out in detail the

Plastic-Smart Cities commitment process


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



1. PlasticSmart Cities Commitment – about PlasticSmart

Cities

Official launch at EuroCities in Oslo on 23rd of October 2019 during the OurOceansconference!

1. PlasticSmart Cities Commitment – How cities can

commit to our movement

1. PlasticSmart Cities Commitment – Example

Declaration of Intent


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



2. Scoping & Action Planning – Purpose And Desired

Outcomes

Purpose

Desired Outcomes

Once prioritised cities have been identified, and have committed to becoming a Plastic-Smart City, the scoping process identifies in much greater detail the key waste hotspots, and challenges with current waste management system. We then engage with principle stakeholders, identify which subdistricts should be prioritized, set reduction targets, and build comprehensive waste management action plans

1. Baseline AssessmentA. Demographic and macroeconomic dataB. Waste generated by source and typeC. Current waste flowsD. Plastic litter in the environment

2. Stakeholder Mapping3. Stakeholder Outreach & Action planning

• Good data is essential to understand the existing state of waste management in a city, and the key challenges that must be overcome

• In middle- and low-income countries, however, data is notoriously difficult to collect and often unreliable

• Targeted interviews and surveys should therefore be undertaken, where necessary, to bridge any data gaps

• The extent of primary data gathering will depend on available secondary data, but the following is intended to serve as a rough guide

2. Scoping & Action Planning1. Baseline Assessment Overview (I/II)

• How much waste is generated by typical household/business, by type?

• What is current waste behavior and perceptions?

B. Waste Generated By Source And Type

Area

C. Current Waste Flows

D. Plastic Litter In The Environment

Key Questions Research Type

• Waste generation and characterization surveys

• Waste behavior surveys

2. Scoping & Action Planning1. Baseline Assessment Overview (II/II)

• What are the current waste flows?• What is the existing waste management

infrastructure and how effective is this?• What is the origin, and volume, of landfill waste?

• What is the current rate of leakage into the environment?

• What is the composition of leaked plastic?

• Secondary data analysis• Interviews• Landfill tracking and surveys

• Beach and river litter surveys

A. Demographic And Macroeconomic Data

• What is the city population, by subdistrict and how is this forecast to grow?

• What is income per capita, by subdistrict?• What is current and projected tourism levels?

• Secondary data analysis• Interviews

Scoping & Action Planning – Approach 1A. Baseline Assessment: Demographic And Macroeconomic

Data

Understanding the local

demographic and

macroeconomic context is critical

for later deciding where to act

and what solutions may be

relevant (middle income

neighbourhoods, for example

may be able to afford different

solutions to poorer

neighbourhoods). Government

data should be used for this where

available

Data Example Sources

Population by subdistrict • Census data

Forecast population growth

• Government data• Interviews

Per capita income by subdistrict

• Government data

Tourism numbers, and projections

• Local industry bodies• Government

masterplans

Scoping & Action Planning – Desired Outcomes 1A. Baseline Assessment: Demographic and Macroeconomic

Data

Subdistrict 1, 40,000




Other, 3,000

Population By Subdistrict* Income Per Capita By Subdistrict

Subdistrict 1 Subdistrict 2 Substrict 3

Tourism Forecasts

Note: *Current and forecast

2. Scoping & Action Planning – Approach 2. Stakeholder Mapping

Government

Key stakeholders at

all levels (regional, city, sub-district, environment

agencies, etc.)

Customers

Households

High leakage subdistrict

representatives

Businesses / sector bodies

Recycling Industry

Waste Banks

MRFs

Entrepreneurs

Informal sector

NGOs

Companies

Users / potential users

of recycled waste

Financiers

Micro finance institutions

Impact Investors

Foundations

Etc.

All local actors with an interest in improved waste management should be

mapped to give a thorough understanding of the operating environment

2. Scoping & Action Planning – Approach 3. Stakeholder Outreach & Action Planning (I/II)

Baseline assessment and stakeholder mapping can occur in parallel. Once baseline

is complete, an assembly should be held to begin the process of action planning:

Assembly To Share

Baseline Results

Establish Stakeholder

Working Group And Ways Of Working

Define Targets, And Subdistrict

PrioritisationAction Planning

• Engage potential stakeholder network

• Share WWF Plastic-Smart City process, target and baseline research findings

• Understand stakeholder concerns, strengths and potential contributions

• Precede and follow up with individual meetings, as necessary

• Build working group(s) with relevant stakeholders

• Align on roles of each stakeholder, and process to be followed

• Align on meeting frequency, location, and structure

• Set methodology to measure baseline results over time

• Agree how many sub-districts need to be “solved” to reach city ’s plastic reduction target (as defined in PSC commitment), and timing

• Prioritise subdistricts for intervention (see following slide for more detail)

• Build comprehensive action plans and budgets (the methodology for this is broken down by key strategic area in steps 3-7)


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



3. Policy And Governance Interventions – Purpose And

Desired Outcomes

Purpose

Desired Outcomes

• The Scoping & Action Planning phase will have identified multiple areas in which policy and governance interventions may be important. This pillar is about working with national and local government stakeholders to advocate for policies and actions that drive rapid reduction in marine plastic leakage

• Desired outcomes will vary, based on local context, but broad categories include:

A. Establishing Targets (e.g. reduction of waste going to landfill)B. Bans (e.g. microbeads, plastic bags, imported waste)C. Incentives (e.g. tax reduction on plastic alternatives)D. Penalties (e.g. fines for fly-tipping, burning of waste, etc.)E. Improved enforcement (e.g. policing of bans, where established)F. Investment in waste management (e.g. collection, sorting, recycling,

landfill infrastructure; education campaigns)G. Participation in capability building programs (e.g. landfill management)


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



4. Facilitate Sector Roundtables – Purpose And Desired

Outcomes

Purpose

Desired Outcomes

• WWF’s No Plastic In Nature initiative has a dedicated Markets pillar, whose aim is to work with corporations to develop global and national solutions to plastic pollution

• It is the role of the Plastic-Smart Cities team, however, to engage players at city level from the key polluting industry sectors (as identified during baseline assessment) on plastic reduction strategies

• Rather than engaging individual businesses, we will target scaleable, sector-level change through establishing industry round tables

0. A. Baseline assessment identify key industries where plastic is consumed (e.g. fast-moving consumer goods, fishing, food and beverage, hospitality, retail, e-commerce, food delivery services). Note: see Scoping section for approach to baseline assessment. B. Sector prioritisation: which are the key polluting sectors to be prioritised?

1. Establishment of round tables2. Sector-level commitment to shared set of objectives regarding reduction of plastic

waste3. Synchronised, step-by-step action plan for industries, committed to by all players

4. Facilitate Sector Roundtables – Approach1. Establishment Of Sector Roundtables

Through establishing Sector Roundtables, our aim is to catalyse

voluntary, high-impact, and synchronized industry action

adhering to the vision of No Plastics in Nature by 2030, through:

• Instilling positive

competition

• Aligning and

synchronizing

industry efforts, to

provide safety in

numbers

Facilitate Sector Roundtables – Approach2. Sector-level Commitment

Like the Plastic-Smart

Cities Commitment, the

Sector Roundtables

should aim to develop,

and have major

industry players sign up

to, a pledge

committing the sector

to plastic reduction

targets


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



5. Build Local Systems - Building local segregation,

collection and recycling systems will be a core pillar of

our strategy

Source: Systemiq example (Muncar)

MRF/TPST

Urban area

rural area

Householdcomposting

compost

Black soldier fly larvae

Chicken and fishfarms

Farms and flower shops

Junkshops&recyclers

Very denseUrban area

Depo

Non organicrecyclables

ResidualsLandfill

5. Build Local Systems - Systemiq, whose Project Stop is

an example of best practice, has been identified as a

potential partner

Project Stop (Muncar Pilot) Approach• Local empowerment: Empowering local villages to run

economically sustainable waste systems• Embedded team 2-3 years: deep multi-year support to

solve every challenge in waste system setup• Both hard and soft support: From behavior change

campaigns to investment in trucks, and buildings• Full government commitment: MOU with national

Ministry of Environment and local regencies• Multiple waste models for differing city archetypes:

Custom yet scalable approaches for an entire country


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



6. Entrepreneurial Solutions – Purpose And Desired

Outcomes

Purpose

Desired Outcomes

• The purpose of this pillar is to engage the private sector in creating plastic reduction outcomes that are sustainable over the long-term

• Enabling entrepreneurial solutions brings many advantages, including:• Access to innovative solutions and technology• Commercial viability, and hence sustainability• Job creation, and poverty reduction• Ability to scale quickly

In each market in which we operate, we need to identify the most effective ways to support and scale private sector solutions to plastic pollution. Potential outcomes may take the form of entrepreneurs benefitting from :1. Incubators2. Accelerators3. Creation of an impact fund4. [Other?}


Focus Areas:




LANDFILL MANAGEMENT

Public

Private / Community



(where necessary)



Roundtables



Internal

Hybrid

External

Key



7. Monitoring - We will build an internationally

harmonized approach to monitoring using Citizen

Science

• Data analyses across the region using specialized open source software, delivering annual reports

• Data comparison with international datasets

• Better fundraising opportunities in the network

• Factbased communication, high credibility and a better position toinfluence policy

• Inform SDG 14.1 progress

• Track progress and eased external reporting

A harmonisedapproach will allow:

WWF Plastic-Smart Cities

Thank you

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