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Transcript of WW2
Quick Facts:A. War Costs
1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billionUS Debt 1945 - $98 billion
• The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776
Quick FactsB. Human Costs
Quick Facts:
B. Human Costs1. 50 million people died
(compared to 15 million in WWI)
• 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
• 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST(6 million Jews + 5 million others)
When?
1939
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain &
France declare war on
Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan
bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the
War
1941
May - Germans Surrende
r
Sept. - Atomic
Bombing of
Hiroshima &
Nagasaki,
Japanese Surrende
r
1945
•1939-1945
•US involvement 1941-1945
Who?
Allies Axis
Great Britain
France(note: France surrendered to
Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
United States
Russia
GermanyItaly
Japan
(major powers)
(major powers)
• “He who wants to live must fight, and he who does not want to fight in this world, where eternal struggle is the law of life, has no right to exist.”
» Mein Kampf (My Struggle)» Adolf Hitler
The Rise of Dictators
• Ruthless people rose to power in the 1920’s and 1930’s
• Some Europeans resented terms of Treaty of Versailles– Germans had to take full responsibility of WWI– Pay billions of dollars in reparation to allies– Disarm completely– Give up all overseas colonies and some territory in
Europe– Carved up Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires
to create several European countries (borders were later disputed)
– League of Nations was part of the Treaty
The Players
• Germany –• Italy – • Japan-• Soviet Union –• United States –
Germany – Adolf Hitler-Nazism
Adolf Hitler
Italy – Benito Mussolini-Fascism
Japan- Emperor Hirohito-Constitutional Monarchy
Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin –Communism
United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt
-Democracy
• Hitler's Rise to Power
• Established totalitarian rule– A single party and its leader suppress all
opposition and control all aspects of people’s lives
• Believed Germans had a right to expand its territory, needed lebensraum -living space
• Rebuilt Germany’s military- going against the treaty
• Made an alliance with Italy to support his expansion plans
Benito Mussolini
Italy
• Benito Mussolini – Appealed to those who felt they had not
won enough from the Treaty of Versailles– Made fascism popular in Italy
• Control over a country’s economic and political system
– His fascist party became so strong he forced the king of Italy to declare him ruler of the government
– He banned all political parties but fascism– Ended all democratic rule, no civil liberties
or free press– Children were enrolled in military
organizations, taught loyalty to regime– Began attacking and annexing neighboring
lands, Ethiopia, Albania…withdrew from the League of Nations
Emperor Hirohito
Japan
• Japanese grew frustrated during the depression • Military leaders rose to power in the 1930’s• These leaders thought they could solve Japan’s
problems by expanding their power into Asia• 1931 attacked Manchuria, China• League condemned the act, but took no action• Slowly took over most of China• 1940 signed a pact of alliance with Germany
and Italy to form the “Axis”
• Japan invadesChina
Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union
• Late 1920’s Joseph Stalin rose to power• Communist leader• Demanded complete obedience from his
people• Got his through force• Executed rivals and those thousands
suspected of supporting his rivals• Sent millions to Russian labor camps• Reorganized nations economy, forcing
millions to work on government owned farms
• Joseph Stalin
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The United States of America
• Most Americans wanted to avoid involvement in foreign affairs
• Congress passed Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937 – Banned the sale of weapons to nations
at war– Restricted trade to nations on a cash
only basis (WWI debt from European countries remained unpaid)
Hitler Begins
• Rhineland – March 1936 Begins march– German territory west of the Rhine River– Considered a neutral zone by the treaty– German soldiers prohibited in area– France and Britain protested, but did
nothing else
• Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia)– Many German speaking people lived here– Falsely claimed these people were being
persecuted– Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain
& France sought peaceful solution– Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great
Britain met in Munich
Sudetenland
The Munich Pact
– Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain & France sought peaceful solution
– Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain met in Munich
– France and Britain wanted to avoid war
– Let Germany have the Sudetenland; appeasement
The Munich Pact
– In return, Germany could not expand farther.
– Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister, cheered
– March, 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia
– World is realizing Hitler cannot be trusted
Munich Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Germany making plans to invade Poland• Poland bordered Russia• Hitler did not want to anger Stalin, yet.• Both signed Soviet-German Non-
Aggression Pact- August 1939• 2 leaders pledged not to attack each other• Agreed to divide Poland• Pact shocked the world
Nazi-Soviet Pact
War in Europe
Hitler sends Troops to
Poland
Great Britain &France declare
War onGermany
9-1-39 9-3-39
The Attack
• Swift and Fierce• Planes bombed• Machine guns got their targets• Tanks blasted holes in Polish
defenses• Thousands of German soldiers
crossed into Poland
Blitzkrieg
• Lightning War– The German offensive way of fighting– Moving in quickly, forcefully, from all
sides
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:The “Blitz”
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
The London “Tube”:Air Raid Shelters during the
Blitz
The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force
The Atlantic CharterThe Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and
Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941.
Solidifies alliance.
Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points.
Calls for League of Nations type organization.
Pearl HarborPearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!
President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of WarPresident Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War
USS Arizona, Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor MemorialPearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans Dead!
Operation Barbarossa:Hitler’s Biggest MistakeOperation Barbarossa:
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941
Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941
3,000,000 German soldiers.
3,400 tanks.
The “Big Three”The “Big Three”
Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
Axis Powers in 1942Axis Powers in 1942
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation
Overlord”]
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation
Overlord”]
D-Day (June 6, 1944)D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
(June 6, 1944)
Higgins Landing Crafts
German Prisoners
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Crematoria at
Majdanek
Entrance to Auschwitz:
Work Makes You Free
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Slave Labor at Buchenwald
Eli Wiesel
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:
Too Little, Too Late!
Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:
Too Little, Too Late!V-1 Rocket:
“Buzz Bomb”
V-2 Rocket
Werner von Braun
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945
The Führer’s Bunker
Cyanide & Pistols
Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
General Keitel
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
Potsdam Conference:July, 1945
Potsdam Conference:July, 1945
FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference.
Stalin only original. The United States
has the A-bomb. Allies agree Germany
is to be divided into occupation zones
Poland moved around to suit the Soviets.
P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin
The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,
NM
The Manhattan Project:Los Alamos,
NM
Dr. Robert Oppenheimer
I am become death,
the shatterer of worlds!
I am become death,
the shatterer of worlds!
Major GeneralLesley R. Groves
Tinian Island, 1945Tinian Island, 1945
Little Boy Fat ManLittle Boy Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
© 70,000 killed immediately.
© 48,000 buildings.
destroyed.© 100,000s died of
radiation poisoning & cancer later.
The Beginning of theAtomic Age
The Beginning of theAtomic Age
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
©40,000 killed immediately.
©60,000 injured.©100,000s died of
radiation poisoning& cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima MemorialsHiroshima Memorials
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
Mus.http://www.grafton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_files/frame.htm
Mus.http://www.grafton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_files/frame.htm
WW II Casualties: Europe
WW II Casualties: Europe
Each symbol indicates 100,000
dead in the appropriate theater
of operations
WW II Casualties: AsiaWW II Casualties: Asia
Each symbol indicates 100,000
dead in the appropriate theater
of operations
WW II Casualtie
s
WW II Casualtie
s
Country Country Men in war Men in war Battle deaths Battle deaths WoundedWounded
Australia Australia 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,976 26,976 180,864180,864
Austria Austria 800,000 800,000 280,000 280,000 350,117350,117
Belgium Belgium 625,000 625,000 8,460 8,460 55,51355,51311
BrazilBrazil22 40,334 40,334 943 943 4,2224,222
Bulgaria Bulgaria 339,760 339,760 6,671 6,671 21,87821,878
Canada Canada 1,086,3431,086,34377 42,04242,04277 53,14553,145
ChinaChina33 17,250,5217,250,521 1
1,324,516 1,324,516 1,762,0061,762,006
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia — — 6,6836,68344 8,0178,017
Denmark Denmark — — 4,339 4,339 ——
Finland Finland 500,000 500,000 79,047 79,047 50,00050,000
France France — — 201,568 201,568 400,000400,000
Germany Germany 20,000,0020,000,000 0
3,250,0003,250,00044 7,250,0007,250,000
Greece Greece — — 17,024 17,024 47,29047,290
Hungary Hungary — — 147,435 147,435 89,31389,313
India India 2,393,891 2,393,891 32,121 32,121 64,35464,354
Italy Italy 3,100,000 3,100,000 149,496149,49644 66,71666,716
Japan Japan 9,700,000 9,700,000 1,270,000 1,270,000 140,000140,000
Netherlands Netherlands 280,000 280,000 6,500 6,500 2,8602,860
New Zealand New Zealand 194,000 194,000 11,62511,62544 17,00017,000
Norway Norway 75,000 75,000 2,000 2,000 ——
Poland Poland — — 664,000 664,000 530,000530,000
Romania Romania 650,000650,00055 350,000350,00066 ——
South Africa South Africa 410,056 410,056 2,473 2,473 ——
U.S.S.R. U.S.S.R. — — 6,115,0006,115,00044 14,012,0014,012,0000
United Kingdom United Kingdom 5,896,000 5,896,000 357,116357,11644 369,267369,267
United States United States 16,112,5616,112,566 6
291,557 291,557 670,846670,846
Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 3,741,000 3,741,000 305,000 305,000 425,000425,000
1. Civilians only.2. Army and navy figures.3. Figures cover period
July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps.
4. Deaths from all causes.5. Against Soviet Russia;
385,847 against Nazi Germany.
6. Against Soviet Russia; 169,822against Nazi Germany.
7. National Defense Ctr., CanadianForces Hq., Director of History.
Massive Human Dislocations
Massive Human Dislocations
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Super
powers of the later 20c
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Super
powers of the later 20c
The Creation of the U. N.
The Creation of the U. N.
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity
The Emergence of Third World Nationalist
Movements
The Emergence of Third World Nationalist
Movements
The De-Colonization of European Empires
The De-Colonization of European Empires