WtW TV2 Berita Mandarin Final

7/29/2019 WtW TV2 Berita Mandarin Final

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'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13

Final Individual Report: TV2 BERITA MANDARIN

15/08/13

Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures

Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus

in collaboration with

Comments and feedback welcomed at:

[email protected] 523 4575

or

Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer

Centre for Independent [email protected]

03-4023-0772/4024-9840

The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx


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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for TV2 BERITA MANDARIN ....................................................................3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.

Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10

Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12

2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14

2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18

2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative

Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20

Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23

Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25

.................................................................................................................................................................................. 25Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32

2 TV2 BERITA MANDARIN


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Executive Summary of Key Results for TV2 BERITA MANDARIN

Introduction

Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.

But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?

The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.

The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.

Key Results

In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by TV2 Berita Mandarin, we found the following trends:

(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

The mention-level coverage dedicated to each major coalition was skewed towards morecoverage of BN.

PR were attacked (90.48%) more then BN, with BN receiving more positive coverage

(73.49%) and negative coverage (75%).

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (92%).

(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures

Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?

The volume of mention-level coverage given to politicians from both coalitions is skewed

towards BN (70%). Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, the

neutral category was used very much the most often (91%).

However, of the non-neutral material, more negative and positive coverage was given to BN,while PR was most often attacked.

Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?

Chua Soi Lek and Najib Razak were used as sources most often.

Independents/Others were used as sources more often (58%) than both BN politicians (39%)and PR politicians (4%).



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Chua Soi Lek and Najib Razak were first and second most commonly engaged in attackpolitics.

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics much more often (83%) thanIndependent/Other politicians, and Opposition politicians never engaged in attacked politics.

(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues were given more coverage than Policy Issues.

The Non-Policy Issue of Ethnicity was the most covered issue overall.



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Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions

Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

BN received the most coverage (30.11%), followed by DAP, MCA, PR, then Others.

Refer to Table 1 for figures.


BN

DAPMCA

PR

Other

Gerakan

PAS

UMNO

PKR

MIC

SAPP

SUPP

PSM

PBS

PBB

PRS

PRM

SPDP

UPKO

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

30.11

16.6215.93

10.74

8.99

5.06

3.69

3.50

3.00

1.56

0.44

0.19

0.12

0.06

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Volume


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Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, the mention-level coveragededicated to each major coalition was skewed towards more coverage of BN.



BN

PR

Independent

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

56.40

34.04

0.56

8.99

Volume


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1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions

Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (92%).


1%2%

92%

5%

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive


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Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN were the most negatively covered (32.14%), followed by MCA (28.57%), then DAP &Gerakan (10.71% each).

DAP were the most attacked (47.62%), followed by PR (28.57%).



BN

MCA

DAP

Gerakan

Other

PRPKR

UMNO

PAS

MIC

PBB

PBS

PRS

PRM

PSM

SAPP

SPDP

SUPP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage

BN received the most positive (46.99%) coverage by a very significant margin, followed byDAP (20.48%) then MCA (10.84%).



BN

MCA

DAP

PR

Other

GerakanPAS

UMNO

PKR

MIC

SAPP

SUPP

PSM

PBS

PBB

PRS

PRM

SPDP

UPKO

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we see thatoverall, PR were attacked (90.48%) more then BN, with BN receiving more positive coverage(73.49%) and negative coverage (75%).

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PR TonalWeighting

Positive 1 : 0.3 5%

Neutral 1 : 0.6 92%

Negative 1 : 0.2 2%

Attacked 1 : 9.5 1%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent & Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

9.52

75.00

56.54

73.49

90.48

17.86

32.91

25.30

0.00

7.14

10.55

1.20

Coverage Volume


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Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.

Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant proportion(35.21%), followed by Chua Soi Lek then Lim Kit Siang.

Refer to Table 5 for full figures.


Najib Razak

Chua Soi Lek

Lim Kit SiangLim Guan Eng

Liow Tiong Lai

Muhyiddin Yassin

Anwar Ibrahim

Mahathir Mohamad

Ng Yen Yen

Karpal Singh

Khalid Ibrahim

Nik Aziz

Hishamuddin Hussein

Ibrahim Ali

Khalid SamadMusa Aman

Nurul Izzah

Teresa Kok

Alfred Jabu

Azmin Ali

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

35.21

16.67

12.717.08

6.46

5.21

4.79

2.92

2.08

1.25

1.25

0.63

0.42

0.42

0.420.42

0.42

0.42

0.21

0.21

Coverage Volume


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Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionsis skewed towards BN (70%).



70.00

29.58

0.42

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources

Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Chua Soi Lek was used as a source most often(18.02%), followed by Najib Razak (17.12%).



Chua Soi Lek

Najib Razak

Election Commission Spokesperson

Muhyiddin Yassin

Lim Kit Siang

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Taib Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

18.02

17.12

3.60

2.70

1.80

0.90

0.90

0.90

0.90

0.00

Coverage Volume


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Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Independent/Other were used as sources more often (58%) than both BN politicians (39%)and PR politicians (4%).



39%

4%

58%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures

Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category was used very much the most often (91%).


7%

91%

2%1%

Positive

Neutral

Negative

Attacked


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Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Lim Guan Eng, Chua SoiLek and Ng Yen Yen received the most negative coverage (22.22% each).

Anwar Ibrahim was most attacked (66.67%) followed by Lim Guan Eng (33.33%). Refer to Table 8 for full figures.


Lim Guan Eng

Chua Soi Lek

Ng Yen Yen

Khalid Ibrahim

Muhyiddin Yassin

Najib Razak

Anwar Ibrahim

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

Alfred Jabu

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Bernard Dompok

Chong Chieng Jen

Dzulkefly Ahmad

Elizabeth Wong

G. Palanivel

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Hishamuddin Hussein

Ibrahim AliJames Masing

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Attacked Negative

Coverage Volume


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Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures

In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (25%) and neutral coverage (36.85%).

Chua Soi Lek and Liow Tiong Lai received the second most positive coverage (both 18.75%),followed by Muhyiddin Yassin (15.63%).



Najib RazakChua Soi Lek

Lim Kit Siang

Lim Guan Eng

Liow Tiong Lai

Muhyiddin Yassin

Anwar Ibrahim

Mahathir Mohamad

Ng Yen Yen

Karpal Singh

Khalid Ibrahim

Nik Aziz

Hishamuddin Hussein

Ibrahim Ali

Musa Aman

Nurul Izzah

Teresa Kok

Khalid Samad

Alfred Jabu

Azmin AliJeffrey Kitingan

Maximus Ongkili

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Posi tive Neutral

Coverage Volume


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Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other

Overall, more negative and positive coverage was given to BN, while PR was most oftenattacked.

It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.

Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.

CoverageType

BN : PRTonal

Weighting

Positive 1 : 0.22 7%

Neutral 1 : 0.43 89%

Negative 1 : 0.5 2%

Attacked 0 : 100 1%


Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

Attacked

Negative

Neutral

Positive

BN

PR

Independent/ Other

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0.00

66.67

69.48

84.38

100.00

33.33

30.05

15.63

0.00

0.00

0.47

0.00

Coverage Volume


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2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning

Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'

Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Chua Soi Lek was most often engaged in attack politics (50%), followed by Najib Razak(33.33%).



Chua Soi Lek

Najib Razak

Ambiga Sreenevasan

Anwar Ibrahim

Baru Bian

Hadi Awang

Hassan Ali

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Nazri Aziz

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

50.00

33.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

Attack Volume


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Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?

This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.

Overall, BN coalition politicians engaged in attack politics much more often (83%) thanIndependent/Other politicians, and Opposition politicians never engaged in attacked politics.



83%

17%

BN

PR

Independent/Other


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Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues

3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues

More coverage overall is given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.



43%

57%

Policy Issues

Non-Policy Issues


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Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues

Of all Policy Issues covered, the Economy/Development and Domestic Policy, Crime &National Security were given the most coverage, followed by Education and Vision Policiesand Programmes.



18%

4%

26%

18%

2%

26%

6%0%

Policy Issues

VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealthReligion


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Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues

Of all Non-Policy Issues covered, Ethnicity was given the most coverage, followed byElectioneering.



46%

4% 11%

11%

3%

3%

23%

Non-Policy Issues

Ethnicity

Religion

Democracy & Human Rights

Socioeconomic Status

Mudslinging

Gender

Electioneering


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Section 4: A Brief Methodology

Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)

Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 4625

Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 291

Average number of articles/day: na/d = 9.4

Data Collection

The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.

Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:

They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).

They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.

They were from within the TV news broadcasts.

They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).

Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level

(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.

Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.

Data Analysis

The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.

http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/


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Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables


TABLE 1

Party Percentage

BN 30.106

DAP 16.615

Gerakan 5.0593

MCA 15.928

MIC 1.5615

PAS 3.6852

PBB 0

PBS 0.062461

PKR 2.9981

PR 10.743

PRS 0PRM 0

PSM 0.12492

SAPP 0.43723

SPDP 0

SUPP 0.18738

UMNO 3.4978

UPKO 0

Other 8.9944

TABLE 2

Party Percentage Coalition Percentage

BN 30.106

BN 56.402441

Gerakan 5.0593

MCA 15.928

MIC 1.5615

PBB 0

PBS 0.062461

PRS 0

SPDP 0

SUPP 0.18738

UMNO 3.4978

UPKO 0

PR 10.743

PR 34.0413DAP 16.615

PAS 3.6852

PKR 2.9981

PRM 0

Independent 0.56215PSM 0.12492

SAPP 0.43723

Other 8.9944 Other 8.9944

TABLE 3

Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL

BN 9.5238 32.143 29.887 46.988 118.5418

DAP 47.619 10.714 15.612 20.482 94.427

Gerakan 0 10.714 5.2743 3.6145 19.6028

MCA 0 28.571 16.245 10.843 55.659

MIC 0 0 1.3361 6.0241 7.3602

PAS 9.5238 0 3.7271 0 13.2509

PBB 0 0 0 0 0

PBS 0 0 0.070323 0 0.070323

PKR 4.7619 3.5714 3.0239 1.2048 12.562

PR 28.571 3.5714 10.549 3.6145 46.3059

PRS 0 0 0 0 0

PRM 0 0 0 0 0

PSM 0 0 0.14065 0 0.14065

SAPP 0 0 0.49226 0 0.49226

SPDP 0 0 0 0 0

SUPP 0 0 0.21097 0 0.21097

UMNO 0 3.5714 3.5162 6.0241 13.1117

UPKO 0 0 0 0 0Other 0 7.1429 9.9156 1.2048 18.2633

Parties &Coalitions


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TABLE 4

BN

A ttacked 9.5238

Negative 74.9994

Neutral 56.539893

Positive 73.4937

PR

A tta cked 90.4757

Negative 17.8568

Neutral 32.912

Positive 25.3013

Attacked 0

Negative 7.1429

Neutral 10.54851

Positive 1.2048

Independent &

Other

TABLE 5

Politician/Political Figure

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0

Alfred Jabu 0.20833

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0

Anwar Ibrahim 4.7917Azmin Ali 0.20833

Baru Bian 0

Bernard Dompok 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0

Chua Soi Lek 16.667

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0

Elizabeth Wong 0

G. Palanivel 0.20833

Hadi Awang 0

Hassan Ali 0

Hishamuddin Hussein 0.41667

Ibrahim Ali 0.41667

James Masing 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0.20833

Karpal Singh 1.25

Khalid Ibrahim 1.25

Khalid Samad 0.41667

Lim Guan Eng 7.0833

Lim Kit Siang 12.708

Liow Tiong Lai 6.4583

Mahathir Mohamad 2.9167

Maximus Ongkili 0.20833

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 5.2083

Musa Aman 0.41667

Najib Razak 35.208

Ng Yen Yen 2.0833

Nik Aziz 0.625

Nizar Jamaluddin 0

Nurul Izzah 0.41667

Rafizi Ramli 0Rosmah Mansur 0

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0

Taib Mahmud 0

Teresa Kok 0.41667

Tian Chua 0

Tony Pua 0.20833

William Mawan 0

Wong Ho Leng 0

Wong Soon Koh 0

Yong Teck Lee 0

Percentage(mention)


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TABLE 6

Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek

MCA 25.2086

BN 69.99993

Liow Tiong Lai

Ng Yen Yen

G. Palanivel MIC 0.20833

Alfred JabuPBB 0.20833

Taib Mahmud

Maximus Ongkili PBS 0.20833

James Masing PRS 0

William Mawan SPDP 0

Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0

Abdul Rahman Dahlan

UMNO 44.16634

Hishamuddin Hussein

Mahathir Mohamad

Muhyiddin Yassin

Musa Aman

Najib Razak

Bernard Dompok UPKO 0

Chong Chieng Jen

DAP 21.6663

PR 29.583

Karpal Singh

Lim Guan Eng

Lim Kit Siang

Teresa Kok

Tony Pua

Wong Ho Leng

Dzulkefly Ahmad

PAS 1.04167

Hadi Awang

Khalid Samad

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu

Nik Aziz

Nizar Jamaluddin

Siti Mariah Mahmud

Anwar Ibrahim

PKR 6.87503

Azmin Ali

Baru Bian

Elizabeth Wong

Jeffrey Kitingan

Khalid Ibrahim

Nurul Izzah

Rafizi Ramli

Tian Chua

Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 0

0.41667

Hassan Ali Independent 0

Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 0.41667

Rosmah Mansur 0

Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0

Independent/Other

'1st lady'


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TABLE 7

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 18.018

BN 38.7386

Mahathir Mohamad 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 2.7027

Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 17.117

Nazri Aziz 0

Taib Mahmud 0.9009

Anwar Ibrahim 0

PR 3.6036

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0.9009

Lim Guan Eng 0.9009

Lim Kit Siang 1.8018

Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.9009

Independent 57.658

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 18.919

Vox Pop Female 4.5045

29.73

3.6036

Percentage(source)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 8

Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive

Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0

Alfred Jabu 0 0 0.23474 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0 0 0 0

Anwar Ibrahim 66.667 0 3.9906 3.125

Azmin Ali 0 0 0.23474 0

Baru Bian 0 0 0 0

Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0

Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0

Chua Soi Lek 0 22.222 16.432 18.75

Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0 0

Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0 0

G. Palanivel 0 0 0 3.125

Hadi Awang 0 0 0 0

Hassan Ali 0 0 0 0

Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 0.46948 0Ibrahim Ali 0 0 0.46948 0

James Masing 0 0 0 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0.23474 0

Karpal Singh 0 0 1.4085 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0 11.111 1.1737 0

Khalid Samad 0 0 0.23474 3.125

Lim Guan Eng 33.333 22.222 6.8075 6.25

Lim Kit Siang 0 0 14.085 3.125

Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 5.6338 18.75

Mahathir Mohamad 0 0 3.2864 0Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0.23474 0

Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 0 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0 11.111 4.2254 15.625

Musa Aman 0 0 0.46948 0

Najib Razak 0 11.111 36.854 25

Ng Yen Yen 0 22.222 1.6432 3.125

Nik Aziz 0 0 0.70423 0

Nizar Jamaluddin 0 0 0 0

Nurul Izzah 0 0 0.46948 0

Rafizi Ramli 0 0 0 0

Rosmah Mansur 0 0 0 0

Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Taib Mahmud 0 0 0 0

Teresa Kok 0 0 0.46948 0

Tian Chua 0 0 0 0

Tony Pua 0 0 0.23474 0

William Mawan 0 0 0 0

Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0

Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0

Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0


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TABLE 9

BN

Attacked 0

Negative 66.666

Neutral 69.48324

Positive 84.375

PR

Attacked 100

Negative 33.333

Neutral 30.04745

Positive 15.625

Attacked 0

Negative 0

Neutral 0.46948

Positive 0

Independent/Other

TABLE 10

Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage

Chua Soi Lek 50

BN 83.333

Mahathir Mohamad 0

Muhyiddin Yassin 0

Musa Aman 0

Najib Razak 33.333

Nazri Aziz0Taib Mahmud 0

Anwar Ibrahim 0

PR 0

Baru Bian 0

Hadi Awang 0

Jeffrey Kitingan 0

Khalid Ibrahim 0

Lim Guan Eng 0

Lim Kit Siang 0

Nik Aziz 0

Ambiga Sreenevasan 0

Independent 16.667

Hassan Ali 0

Vox Pop Male 16.667

Vox Pop Female 0

0

0

Percentage(source +attacking)

Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral

Election CommissionSpokesperson


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TABLE 11

Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage

Vision Policies/Programmes 3.1274

Policy Issues 17.543968

Environment 0.6865Economy/Development 4.5004

Education 3.1274

Foreign Policy 0.38139

Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 4.5767

Oppressive Legislation 1.0679

Health 0.076278

Religion 0

Ethnicity 10.45

22.88327

Religion 0.83905

Democracy & Human Rights 2.5934

Socioeconomic Status 2.4409

Mudslinging 0.6865

Gender 0.61022

Electioneering 5.2632

Non-PolicyIssues


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Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme

1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)

1. Abdul Rahman Dalan

2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein

16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman

29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng

43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee

2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)

1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng

10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad

12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak

15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson

3. Party or Coalition

1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement

Party)

4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)

17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)

4. Organisations

1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented

organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission

5. Policy Issues

1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation

Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)

4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'



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6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other

2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other

3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other

4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System

6. PTPTN7. Other

5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other

6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other

7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University

Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act

4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)

6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)

7. Other

8. Health1. 1Care2. Other

9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other

6. Non-Policy Issues

1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other

2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism

6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other

3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other

4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban

12. Rural13. Cost of Living



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14. Other

5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah

6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence

6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other

7. Gender

1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance

7. Sexism8. Other

8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other

WtW TV2 Berita Mandarin Final

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