WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
-
Upload
tessa-j-houghton -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
1/34
'Watching the Watchdog'Malaysian Media Coverage of GE13
Final Individual Report: THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
15/08/13
Dr Tessa J. HoughtonSchool of Modern Languages and Cultures
Director of the Centre for the Study of Communications and CultureUniversity of Nottingham Malaysian Campus
in collaboration with
Comments and feedback welcomed at:
[email protected] 523 4575
or
Masjaliza HamzahExecutive Officer
Centre for Independent [email protected]
03-4023-0772/4024-9840
The work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspxhttp://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/CentrefortheStudyofCommunicationsandCulture/index.aspxmailto:[email protected]://cijmalaysia.org/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/http://www.nottingham.edu.my/Modern-Languages/index.aspx -
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
2/34
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary of Key Results for THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA.............................3Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................................... 5
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions......................................................................................... 5Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions.......................................................... 5Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.
Independent/Other........................................................................................................................................61.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions...............................................................................7Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions............................................7Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage ....................................................................8Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage.........................................................................9Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................10
Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................112.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................................11
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures....................................................... 11Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................12
2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources.......................................................13Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources........................................13Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other..........................................................................................................14
2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures............................................................................15Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures......................................15Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures.......................................................16Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures..........................................................17Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs. Opposition vs.Independent/Other.....................................................................................................................................18
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Attack Politics or Negative
Campaigning......................................................................................................................................................19Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics' MostOften?............................................................................................................................................................ 19Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?..........................20
Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues.................................................................................................................213.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues..................................................21
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues.................................................................21Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues.........................................................................................22Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues................................................................................23
Section 4: A Brief Methodology..........................................................................................................................24Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables..........................................................................................................................25
Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme......................................................................................................... 32
2 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
3/34
Executive Summary of Key Results for THE MALAYSIANINSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Introduction
Like all modern elections, it the Malaysian 13th General Election was fought primarily through themedia the so-called 'watchdogs' of democracy.
But how effective were Malaysian media outlets at providing fair and objective informationabout national politics? How well did they inform Malaysian citizens about their political environment,and thus enable them to make informed decisions about who to vote for?
The Watching the Watchdog project monitored coverage from 28 media newspapers, televisionnews broadcasts, online news sites as well as the national press agency, in four languages (English,Bahasa Malaysia, Mandarin, and Tamil); in Sabah and Sarawak as well as in Peninsular Malaysia,during the month spanning April 7th to May 7th 2013 (31 days in total). It is a collaboration betweenthe University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and the Centre for Independent Journalism.
The key results summarised below pertain to the individual publication addressed in this report.
Key Results
In scrutinising the GE13 coverage provided by The Malaysian Insider Bahasa Malaysia we found thefollowing trends:
(1) Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
The coverage of parties and coalitions was relatively equally split between BN and PR, with
a very slight skew towards PR.
The vast majority of the coverage of political parties and coalitions was neutral in tone (over92%), but with regards to non-neutral material, BN received the most positive and negativecoverage, while PR were attacked the most often.
(2) Coverage of Politicians and Political Figures
Who is talked about the most? And how are they talked about?
Najib Razak was the most mentioned politician, but the volume of mention-level coveragegiven to politicians from both coalitions was remarkably equal.
The vast majority of the coverage of political parties and coalitions was neutral in tone (over84%), but with regards to non-neutral material, BN politicians were given the most positivecoverage and were attacked the most, while PR politicians were given the most negativecoverage.
Who is used as a source the most? And who engages in attack politics the most?
BN were used as sources much more often than both independent political figures and PR,whose politicians received less use as sources than either of the other two groups.
3 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
4/34
Mahathir Mohamad and Najib Razak were first equal with regards to being engaged inattack politics, followed by Muhyiddin Yassin, Anwar Ibrahim, then Lim Kit Siang.
Overall, BN coalition politicians were engaged in attack politics significantly more often thaneither opposition politicians or independent politicians or political figures.
(3) Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues were given significantly more coverage than Policy Issues.
The Non-Policy Issue of Ethnicity was the most covered issue overall.
4 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
5/34
Section 1: Media Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
1.1 Volume of Coverage of Parties & Coalitions
Figure 1: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
BN received the most coverage (31.72%), followed by PAS, PR, DAP & PKR.
Refer to Table 1 for figures.
5 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
BN
PAS
PR
DAP
PKR
UMNO
MCA
Other
MIC
PSM
Gerakan
SAPP
PBB
PRM
SUPP
UPKO
PBS
PRS
SPDP
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
31.72
14.86
14.75
11.40
8.96
8.85
4.88
2.11
1.17
0.66
0.36
0.15
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
6/34
Figure 2: Volume of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Once parties/coalitions' coverage volumes are combined, PR received slightly more coverage(49.96%) than BN (47.09%).
Refer to Table 2 for figures.
6 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
BN
PR
Independent
Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
47.09
49.96
0.84
2.11
Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
7/34
1.2 Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions
Figure 3: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Political Parties & Coalitions
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of political parties and coalitions, the neutralcategory was used very much the most often (92.09%).
7 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
4%2%
92%
2%
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
8/34
Figure 4: Negative Political Party & Coalition Coverage
BN was the most negatively covered (48.33%) party/coalition by a significant margin.
The three constituent parties of the coalition (PAS, PKR & DAP) came in second, third andfourth most negatively covered, respectively.
PR was the most the attacked party/coalition by a significant margin (35.97%), followed byPAS, then BN.
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
8 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
BN
PR
DAP
PAS
UMNO
PKRMCA
MIC
PSM
Other
Gerakan
PBB
PBS
PRS
PRM
SAPP
SPDP
SUPP
UPKO
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
9/34
Figure 5: Positive Political Party & Coalition Coverage
BN received the most positive (57.14%) and neutral (31.49%) coverage by a very significantand significant margin respectively.
PR received the second most positive coverage, followed by UMNO, then PAS.
Refer to Table 3 for figures.
9 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
BN
PAS
PR
DAP
PKR
UMNOMCA
Other
MIC
PSM
Gerakan
SAPP
PBB
PRM
SUPP
UPKO
PBS
PRS
SPDP
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Positive Neutral
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
10/34
Figure 6: Tone of Coverage of Political Parties & Coalitions: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
When coalition and party coverage is combined into the two opposing coalitions, we can seethat BN received the most positive and negative coverage, while PR were attacked the mostoften.
It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category was overwhelmingly thelargest category.
Refer to Table 4 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PR TonalWeighting
Positive 1 : 0.5 2%
Neutral 1 : 1 92%
Negative 1 : 0.7 2%
Attacked 1 : 3 4%
10 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
BN
PR
Independent & Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
24.56
56.67
47.55
66.67
73.68
41.67
49.34
33.33
1.75
1.67
3.10
0.00
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
11/34
Section 2: Media Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
2.1 Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 7: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Only the top 20 most mentioned politicians are shown on this graph.
Out of these 20, Najib Razak received the most mentions by a significant margin (26.24%),followed by Anwar Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ali, Mahathir Mohamad, and Lim Kit Siang, in that order.
Refer to Table 5 for full figures.
11 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Najib Razak
Anwar IbrahimIbrahim Ali
Mahathir Mohamad
Lim Kit Siang
Nik Aziz
Khalid Ibrahim
Chua Soi Lek
Hadi Awang
Nizar Jamaluddin
Nurul Izzah
Lim Guan Eng
Muhyiddin Yassin
Rafizi RamliMohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Hishamuddin Hussein
Ng Yen Yen
Dzulkefly Ahmad
Khalid Samad
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
26.24
11.5711.42
11.42
10.49
4.48
3.70
3.40
2.93
2.62
2.47
1.70
1.39
1.230.93
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.31
0.31
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
12/34
Figure 8: Volume of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
When the mentions of individual politicians and political figures are combined and mergedinto their respective coalitions, we can see that coverage of figures from both major coalitionswas remarkably equal.
Refer to Table 6 for figures.
12 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
44%
44%
12%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
13/34
2.2 Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Figure 9: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures as Sources
Of the politicians and political figures tracked, Najib Razak was the most commonly used asa source by a significant margin (22.64%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin, Anwar Ibrahim, ECSpokespeople, then Lim Kit Siang.
Muhyiddin is notable in that he was mentioned relatively rarely but used as a sourcerelatively often.
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
13 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin Yassin
Anwar Ibrahim
Election Commission Spokesperson
Lim Kit Siang
Mahathir Mohamad
Chua Soi Lek
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Hadi Awang
Khalid Ibrahim
0 5 10 15 20 25
22.64
8.88
8.45
7.80
7.04
6.61
4.44
4.23
3.14
2.49
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
14/34
Figures 10: Volume of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: Governmentvs. Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Politicians from BN were used as sources much more often (43.55%) than both independentpolitical figures and PR, whose politicians received less use as sources than either of the othertwo groups (24.38%).
Refer to Table 7 for figures.
14 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
44%
24%
32%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
15/34
2.3 Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
Figure 11: Raw Tonal Coverage Volume of Politicians & Political Figures
Of all the tonal categories used in the coverage of politicians and political figures, theneutral category is used very much the most often, followed by the negative category.
15 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
2%
86%
5%7%
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Attacked
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
16/34
Figure 12: Negative Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Ibrahim Ali received themost negative coverage (39.02%), followed by Anwar Ibrahim, Najib Razak, then MahathirMohamad.
Najib Razak received the most attacks (27.91%), followed by Lim Kit Siang (25.58%) thenMahathir Mohamad (23.26%).
Refer to Table 8 for full figures.
16 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Ibrahim Ali
Anwar Ibrahim
Najib Razak
Mahathir Mohamad
Khalid Ibrahim
Nizar Jamaluddin
Lim Kit Siang
Nik Aziz
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Chua Soi Lek
Muhyiddin Yassin
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
Alfred Jabu
Azmin Ali
Baru Bian
Bernard Dompok
Chong Chieng Jen
Dzulkefly Ahmad
Elizabeth Wong
G. PalanivelHadi Awang
Hassan Ali
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Attacked Negative
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
17/34
Figure 13: Positive Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures
In terms of the tone of mentions of politicians and political figures, Najib Razak received themost positive (30.77%) and neutral coverage (26.35%) by significant margins.
Mahathir Mohamad received the second most positive coverage, followed by Anwar Ibrahimand then Ibrahim Ali and Lim Kit Siang in fourth equal place.
Refer to Table 8 for figures.
17 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Najib RazakIbrahim Ali
Anwar Ibrahim
Lim Kit Siang
Mahathir Mohamad
Nik Aziz
Khalid Ibrahim
Chua Soi Lek
Hadi Awang
Nurul Izzah
Nizar Jamaluddin
Lim Guan Eng
Muhyiddin Yassin
Rafizi Ramli
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Hishamuddin Hussein
Ng Yen Yen
Dzulkefly Ahmad
Khalid Samad
Musa AmanRosmah Mansur
Tian Chua
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Positive Neutral
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
18/34
Figure 14: Tone of Coverage of Politicians & Political Figures: Government vs.Opposition vs. Independent/Other
Overall, BN politicians were given the most positive coverage and were attacked the most,while PR politicians were given the most negative coverage.
It should, however, be remembered that the neutral tonal category is overwhelmingly thelargest category.
Refer to Table 9 for figures and below for ratios.
CoverageType
BN : PRTonal
Weighting
Positive 1 : 0.5 2%Neutral 1 : 1.1 85%
Negative 1 : 1.2 5%
Attacked 1 : 0.6 7%
18 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
Attacked
Negative
Neutral
Positive
BN
PR
Independent/ Other
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
58.14
34.38
42.60
61.54
37.21
40.63
45.13
30.77
4.65
25.00
12.27
7.69
Coverage Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
19/34
2.4 Tone of the Use of Politicians & Political Figures As Sources: AttackPolitics or Negative Campaigning
Figure 15: Attack Politics: Which Politicians and Political Figures Employ 'Attack Politics'
Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Mahathir Mohamad and Najib Razak were first equal with regards to being engaged inattack politics (18.92%), followed by Muhyiddin Yassin, Anwar Ibrahim, then Lim Kit Siang.
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
19 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
Mahathir Mohamad
Najib Razak
Muhyiddin Yassin
Anwar Ibrahim
Lim Kit Siang
Nik Aziz
Lim Guan Eng
Khalid Ibrahim
Chua Soi Lek
Hadi Awang
Taib Mahmud
Ambiga Sreenevasan
Baru Bian
Hassan Ali
Jeffrey Kitingan
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
18.92
18.92
14.41
12.61
10.81
5.41
3.60
1.80
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Attack Volume
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
20/34
Figure 16: Attack Politics: Which Coalition Employs Attack Politics Most Often?
This graph is weighted to show attack politics as a proportion of overall use as source.
Overall, BN coalition politicians were quoted as engaged in attack politics more often thaneither opposition politicians or independent politicians or political figures.
Refer to Table 10 for figures.
20 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
54% 35%
11%
BN
PR
Independent/Other
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
21/34
Section 3: Media Coverage of Issues
3.1 Volume of Media Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
Figure 17: Coverage of Policy Issues vs. Non-Policy Issues
More coverage overall was given to Non-Policy Issues than Policy Issues.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
21 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
32%
68%
Policy Issues
Non-Policy Issues
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
22/34
Figure 18: Media Coverage of Policy Issues
Of all Policy issues covered, Vision Policies and Programmes were given the most attention,followed by the Economy & Development, then Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
22 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
35%
3%
20%
4%
7%
17%
2%
12%
Policy Issues
VisionPolicies/ProgrammesEnvironmentEconomy/DevelopmentEducationForeign PolicyDomestic Policy, Crime &National SecurityOppressive LegislationHealth
Religion
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
23/34
Figure 19: Media Coverage of Non-Policy Issues
Of all Non-Policy Issues, Ethnicity was given the most coverage, followed by Electioneering,then Religion and Socioeconomic Status in fourth equal place.
Refer to Table 11 for figures.
23 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
36%
11%
9%
11%
8%
5%
20%
Non-Policy Issues
Ethnicity
Religion
Democracy & Human Rights
Socioeconomic Status
Mudslinging
Gender
Electioneering
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
24/34
Section 4: A Brief Methodology
Dates analysed: 7/4/13 07/05/13 (nd = 31 days)
Number of data points/references identified and analysed: ndp = 8861
Number of articles identified and analysed: na = 407
Average number of articles/day: na/d = 13.1
Data Collection
The data was collected or 'coded' using sentence-level content analysis. A team of around 70'coders' from all over Malaysia, from both private and public universities, and from civil society,coded their assigned media on a daily basis.
Stories 'coded' were selected according to the following criteria:
They were within the Malaysian news section/s of the newspapers including the front page, orwere the paper's editorial (if they run one).
They were from pre-defined 'Malaysian News' areas of the news websites monitored, with'snapshots' taken at 8pm daily.
They were from within the TV news broadcasts.
They were more than 1/3 about the election, and were news stories as opposed to columns,opinions pieces, letters, etc (with the exception of the paper's own editorial, if present).
Within each story, category/operator references were identified and coded at the sentence level
(from period to period). The 21 categories identified and their sub-categories or 'operators' areoutlined in Appendix 2. These 21 categories form the 'unit of analysis' for this study.
Tone (positive, negative, neutral, attacking, or attacked) was determined based on matching eachreference to a media frame or frames, supportable via emotive/descriptive/subjectivelanguage/vocabulary utilised by the either the news personnel or the source beingquoted/paraphrased. As such, tone is not based upon coder opinion but on linguistic data. Coderswere instructed to 'code as neutral' whenever there was a lack of linguistic data to support apositive/negative/attacking/attacked frame, or whenever they were unsure/conflicted.
Data Analysis
The data was analysed using the open source software package GNU Octave (a multi-disciplinarymathematical data analysis programme capable of SPSS/NVIVO-level statistical analysis, as well asmuch higher-level mathematical analysis). Scripts were composed to count occurrences of key data-codes, as specified by the project's finite code-listing set (see Appendix 2), for every row of codeddata (i.e. every reference). Where appropriate, code-count occurrences have been normalised toprovide the percentage of these key-code occurrences.
24 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ -
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
25/34
Section 5: Appendix 1 Tables
25 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 1
Par ty Percentage
BN 31.719
DAP 11.398
Gerakan 0.36417
MCA 4.8798
MIC 1.1653
PAS 14.858
PBB 0.036417
PBS 0
PKR 8.9585
PR 14.749
PRS 0
PRM 0.036417PSM 0.6555
SAPP 0.14567
SPDP 0
SUPP 0.036417
UMNO 8.8492
UPKO 0.036417
Other 2.1122
TABLE 2
Party Percentage Coalition Percentage
BN 31.719
BN 47.086721
Gerakan 0.36417
MCA 4.8798
MIC 1.1653
PBB 0.036417
PBS 0
PRS 0
SPDP 0
SUPP 0.036417
UMNO 8.8492
UPKO 0.036417
PR 14.749
PR 49.9635DAP 11.398
PAS 14.858
PKR 8.9585
PRM 0.036417
Independent 0.837587PSM 0.6555
SAPP 0.14567
Other 2.1122 Other 2.1122
TABLE 3
Attacked Negative Neutral Positive TOTAL
BN 20.175 48.333 31.491 57.143 157.142
DAP 13.158 15 11.292 0 39.45
Gerakan 0 0 0.39761 0 0.39761
MCA 0.87719 1.6667 5.169 0 7.71289
MIC 0 1.6667 1.2326 0 2.8993
PAS 22.807 6.6667 14.831 7.1429 51.4476
PBB 0 0 0.039761 0 0.039761
PBS 0 0 0 0 0
PKR 1.7544 1.6667 9.6223 0 13.0434
PR 35.965 18.333 13.598 26.19 94.086
PRS 0 0 0 0 0
PRM 0 0 0.039761 0 0.039761
PSM 0 1.6667 0.67594 0 2.34264
SAPP 0 0 0.15905 0 0.15905
SPDP 0 0 0 0 0
SUPP 0 0 0.039761 0 0.039761
UMNO 3.5088 5 9.1451 9.5238 27.1777
UPKO 0 0 0.039761 0 0.039761
Other 1.7544 0 2.2266 0 3.981
Parties &Coalitions
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
26/34
26 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 4
BN
Attacked 24.56099
Negative 54.21019
Neutral 47.554593
Positive 66.6668
PR
Attacked 73.6844
Negative 41.6664
Neutral 49.3433
Positive 33.3329
Attacked 1.7544
Negative 1.6667
Neutral 3.101351
Positive 0
Independent &
Other
TABLE 5
Politician/Political Figure
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0
Alfred Jabu 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0.46296
Anwar Ibrahim 11.574
Azmin Ali 0.15432
Baru Bian 0
Bernard Dompok 0
Chong Chieng Jen 0
Chua Soi Lek 3.3951
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0.30864
Elizabeth Wong 0.15432
G. Palanivel 0.15432
Hadi Awang 2.9321
Hassan Ali 0
Hishamuddin Hussein 0.46296
Ibrahim Ali 11.42
James Masing 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Karpal Singh 0.15432
Khalid Ibrahim 3.7037
Khalid Samad 0.30864
Lim Guan Eng 1.6975
Lim Kit Siang 10.494
Liow Tiong Lai 0.15432
Mahathir Mohamad 11.42Maximus Ongkili 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0.92593
Muhyiddin Yassin 1.3889
Musa Aman 0.30864
Najib Razak 26.235
Ng Yen Yen 0.46296
Nik Aziz 4.4753
Nizar Jamaluddin 2.6235
Nurul Izzah 2.4691
Rafizi Ramli 1.2346
Rosmah Mansur 0.30864
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0
Taib Mahmud 0
Teresa Kok 0
Tian Chua 0.30864
Tony Pua 0.30864
William Mawan 0
Wong Ho Leng 0
Wong Soon Koh 0
Yong Teck Lee 0
Percentage
(mention)
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
27/34
27 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 6
Politician/Political Figure Party etc. Percentage Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek
MCA 4.01238
BN 43.9822
Liow Tiong Lai
Ng Yen Yen
G. Palanivel MIC 0.15432
Alfred Jabu PBB 0Taib Mahmud
Maximus Ongkili PBS 0
James Masing PRS 0
William Mawan SPDP 0
Wong Soon Koh SUPP 0
Abdul Rahman Dahlan
UMNO 39.8155
Hishamuddin Hussein
Mahathir Mohamad
Muhyiddin Yassin
Musa AmanNajib Razak
Bernard Dompok UPKO 0
Chong Chieng Jen
DAP 12.65446
PR 43.82725
Karpal Singh
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Kit Siang
Teresa Kok
Tony Pua
Wong Ho Leng
Dzulkefly Ahmad
PAS 11.57411
Hadi Awang
Khalid Samad
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu
Nik Aziz
Nizar Jamaluddin
Siti Mariah Mahmud
Anwar Ibrahim
PKR 19.59868
Azmin Ali
Baru Bian
Elizabeth Wong
Jeffrey KitinganKhalid Ibrahim
Nurul Izzah
Rafizi Ramli
Tian Chua
Ambiga Sreenevasan Bersih 0.46296
12.1916
Hassan Ali Independent 0
Ibrahim Ali Perkasa 11.42
Rosmah Mansur 0.30864
Yong Teck Lee SAPP 0
Independent/Ot
her'1st lady'
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
28/34
28 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 7
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 4.442
BN 43.55408
Mahathir Mohamad 6.6089
Muhyiddin Yassin 8.8841
Musa Aman 0.10834Najib Razak 22.644
Nazri Aziz 0
Taib Mahmud 0.86674
Anwar Ibrahim 8.4507
PR 24.37704
Baru Bian 0
Hadi Awang 3.1419
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Khalid Ibrahim 2.4919
Lim Guan Eng 0.86674
Lim Kit Siang 7.0423
Nik Aziz 2.3835
Ambiga Sreenevasan 4.2254
Independent 32.06924
Hassan Ali 0.10834
Vox Pop Male 14.301
Vox Pop Female 2.7086
2.9252
7.8007
Percentage
(source)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
29/34
29 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 8
Politician/Political Figure Attacked Negative Neutral Positive
Abdul Rahman Dahlan 0 0 0 0
Alfred Jabu 0 0 0 0
Ambiga Sreenevasan 4.6512 0 0.18051 0
Anwar Ibrahim 4.6512 21.875 11.552 15.385
Azmin Ali 0 0 0.18051 0
Baru Bian 0 0 0 0
Bernard Dompok 0 0 0 0
Chong Chieng Jen 0 0 0 0
Chua Soi Lek 4.6512 0 3.4296 7.6923
Dzulkefly Ahmad 0 0 0.36101 0
Elizabeth Wong 0 0 0.18051 0
G. Palanivel 0 0 0.18051 0
Hadi Awang 0 0 3.4296 0
Hassan Ali 0 0 0 0
Hishamuddin Hussein 0 0 0.54152 0Ibrahim Ali 0 25 11.733 7.6923
James Masing 0 0 0 0
Jeffrey Kitingan 0 0 0 0
Karpal Singh 0 0 0.18051 0
Khalid Ibrahim 4.6512 6.25 3.6101 0
Khalid Samad 0 0 0.36101 0
Lim Guan Eng 0 0 1.8051 7.6923
Lim Kit Siang 25.581 3.125 9.9278 7.6923
Liow Tiong Lai 0 0 0.18051 0
Mahathir Mohamad 23.256 15.625 9.5668 23.077Maximus Ongkili 0 0 0 0
Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu 0 0 1.083 0
Muhyiddin Yassin 2.3256 0 1.444 0
Musa Aman 0 0 0.36101 0
Najib Razak 27.907 18.75 26.354 30.769
Ng Yen Yen 0 0 0.54152 0
Nik Aziz 2.3256 3.125 4.6931 0
Nizar Jamaluddin 0 6.25 2.7076 0
Nurul Izzah 0 0 2.8881 0
Rafizi Ramli 0 0 1.444 0
Rosmah Mansur 0 0 0.36101 0
Siti Mariah Mahmud 0 0 0 0
Taib Mahmud 0 0 0 0
Teresa Kok 0 0 0 0
Tian Chua 0 0 0.36101 0
Tony Pua 0 0 0.36101 0
William Mawan 0 0 0 0
Wong Ho Leng 0 0 0 0
Wong Soon Koh 0 0 0 0
Yong Teck Lee 0 0 0 0
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
30/34
30 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 9
BN
Attacked 58.1398
Negative 34.375
Neutral 42.59947
Positive 61.5383
PR
Attacked 37.209
Negative 40.625
Neutral 45.12597
Positive 30.7696
Attacked 4.6512
Negative 25
Neutral 12.27452
Positive 7.6923
Independent/
Other
TABLE 10
Politician/Political Figure Coalition Percentage
Chua Soi Lek 0.9009
BN 54.0538
Mahathir Mohamad 18.919
Muhyiddin Yassin 14.414
Musa Aman 0
Najib Razak 18.919
Nazri Aziz0Taib Mahmud 0.9009
Anwar Ibrahim 12.613
PR 35.1357
Baru Bian 0
Hadi Awang 0.9009
Jeffrey Kitingan 0
Khalid Ibrahim 1.8018
Lim Guan Eng 3.6036
Lim Kit Siang 10.811
Nik Aziz 5.4054
Ambiga Sreenevasan 0
Independent 10.811
Hassan Ali 0
Vox Pop Male 10.811
Vox Pop Female 0
0
0
Percentage
(source +attacking)
Public Opinion/Vox PopGeneral
Election CommissionSpokesperson
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
31/34
31 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
TABLE 11
Issues Coverage PI/NPI Coverage
Vision Policies/Programmes 6.6087
Policy Issues 18.67827
Environment 0.62609
Economy/Development 3.6522Education 0.69565
Foreign Policy 1.3565
Domestic Policy, Crime & National Security 3.1652
Oppressive Legislation 0.34783
Health 0
Religion 2.2261
Ethnicity 14.157
39.6527
Religion 4.3478
Democracy & Human Rights 3.687
Socioeconomic Status 4.3478
Mudslinging 3.2
Gender 2.0522
Electioneering 7.8609
Non-Policy
Issues
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
32/34
Section 6: Appendix 2 Coding Scheme
1. Politician or Political Figure (Mentioned)
1. Abdul Rahman Dalan
2. Alfred Jabu3. Ambiga Sreenevasan4. Anwar Ibrahim5. Azmin Ali6. Baru Bian7. Bernard Dompok8. Chong Chieng Jen9. Chua Soi Lek10. Dzulkefly Ahmad11. Elizabeth Wong12. G. Palanivel13. Hadi Awang14. Hassan Ali15. Hishamuddin Hussein
16. James Masing17. Jeffrey Kitingan18. Karpal Singh19. Khalid Ibrahim20. Khalid Samad21. Lim Guan Eng22. Lim Kit Siang23. Liow Tiong Lai24. Mahathir Mohamad25. Maximus Ongkili26. Mohamad 'Mat' Sabu27. Muhyiddin Yassin28. Musa Aman
29. Najib Razak30. Ng Yen Yen31. Nik Aziz32. Nizar Jamaluddin33. Nurul Izzah34. Rafizi Ramli35. Rosmah Mansur36. Siti Mariah Mahmud37. Taib Mahmud38. Teresa Kok39. Tian Chua40. Tony Pua41. William Mawan42. Wong Ho Leng
43. Wong Soon Koh44. Yong Teck Lee
2. Politicians or Political Figure (Used as a Source)
1. Ambiga Sreenevasan (Bersih)2. Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)3. Baru Bian4. Chua Soi Lek5. Hadi Awang6. Hassan Ali7. Jeffrey Kitingan8. Khalid Ibrahim9. Lim Guan Eng
10. Lim Kit Siang11. Mahathir Mohamad
12. Muhyiddin Yassin13. Musa Aman14. Najib Razak
15. Nazri Aziz16. Nik Aziz17. Taib Mahmud18. Vox Pop Male19. Vox Pop Female20. Public Opinion/Vox Pop General21. Election Commission Spokesperson
3. Party or Coalition
1. BN (Barisan Nasional)2. DAP (Democratic Action Party)3. Gerakan (Malaysian People's Movement
Party)
4. MCA (Malaysian Chinese Association)5. MIC (Malaysian Indian Congress)6. PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party)7. PBB (Parti Besaka Bumputera Bersatu)8. PBS (Parti Bersatu Sabah)9. PKR (People's Justice Party)10. PR (Pakatan Rakyat)11. PRS (Sarawak People's Party)12. PRM (Parti Rakyat Malaysia)13. PSM (Parti Sosialis Malaysia)14. SAPP (Sabah Progressive Party)15. SPDP (Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party)16. SUPP (Sarawak United People's Party)
17. UMNO (United Malays National Organisation)18. UPKO (United Pasokmomogun KadazandusunMurut Organisation)
4. Organisations
1. Bersih2. Community-based organisations.3. Democracy- or human rights-oriented
organisations (excluding Bersih)4. Environmentally-oriented organisations5. Ethnicity-oriented organisations6. JATI7. Perkasa8. Professionals organisations9. Religious organisations.10. Trade Unions11. Womens' rights or issues focused organisations.12. Youth or student focused organisations13. Election Commission
5. Policy Issues
1. Vision Policies or Programmes1. 1Malaysia2. GTP (Government Transformation
Programme)3. ETP (Economic Transformation Programme)
4. NKRA (National Key Results Areas)5. NEP/'Bumiputeraism'
32 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
33/34
6. PAS's Welfare State7. PKR's Buku Jingga8. NEM (New Economic Model)9. 'Transformasi'10. BN Manifesto11. PR Manifesto12. Other
2. Environment1. Deforestation/Land Rights2. Recycling3. Lynas4. Polluting Industries (non-Lynas)5. Damming Projects6. Other
3. Economy/Development1. Recession2. Welfare3. Unemployment4. Poverty5. Privatisation6. Growth/FDI7. FTA/Globalisation8. Inflation/Price Rises9. Infrastructure10. Housing11. Other
4. Education1. Vernacular Schools2. Access3. PPSMI4. Academic Freedom5. System
6. PTPTN7. Other
5. Foreign Policy1. Western World2. Singapore (Mentions of)3. Singapore (Comparison with)4. China5. India6. Islamic World7. Israel/Palestine8. Indonesia9. Other
6. Domestic Policy, Crime, & National Security1. Immigration2. Illegals/Refugees3. Terrorism (not Lahad Datu)4. Crime5. Lahad Datu Incident6. Other
7. Oppressive Legislation1. ISA (Internal Security Act)2. AUKU/UUCA (Universities and University
Colleges Act 1971)3. Sedition Act
4. PPPA (Printing Presses and Publication Act)5. PAA (Peaceful Assembly Act 2012)
6. SOSMA (Security Offences (SpecialMeasures) Act 2012)
7. Other
8. Health1. 1Care2. Other
9. Religion1. Apostasy2. Islamic State3. Hudud4. Conversion (into Islam)5. 'Allah' issue6. Other
6. Non-Policy Issues
1. Ethnicity1. Malaysia2. Chinese3. Indian/South Asian4. Orang Asli5. Orang Asal, Sabah & Sarawak6. Thai7. Portuguese/Eurasian8. Malay Rights9. Other
2. Religion1. Islam2. Buddhism/Taoism3. Hinduism4. Christianity5. Sikhism
6. Religious Freedom (non-apostasy related)7. Interfaith Dialogue/Unity8. Interfaith Friction9. Other
3. Democracy & Human Rights1. General Corruption2. Electoral Corruption3. Media Freedom4. Electoral Reform5. Electoral Legislation6. 2-Party System7. Protest/Rallies8. Other
4. Socioeconomic Sectors1. Middle Class/Professionals2. Working Class3. Aristocracy/Monarchy4. Civil Service5. Military and Police6. FELDA7. Plantation/Estate Workers8. Chine New Villagers9. Senior Citizens/Retirees10. RELA/Wataniah11. Urban
12. Rural13. Cost of Living
33 THE MALAYSIAN INSIDER BAHASA MALAYSIA
-
7/29/2019 WtW Malaysian Insider BM Final
34/34
14. Other
5. Territory1. Kuala Lumpur2. Labuan3. Putrajaya4. Johor5. Kedah
6. Kelantan7. Malacca8. Negeri Sembilan9. Pahang10. Perak11. Perlis12. Penang13. Sabah14. Sarawak15. Selangor16. Terengganu17. Sarawak Independence18. Sabah Independence
6. Mudslinging1. Anwar/Sodomy2. Altantuya3. Rosmah4. Penang CM5. Selangor CM6. NFC7. Arms Deals8. Psy/CNY Concert9. Project IC10. Taib Mahmud and Logging Expose11. Other
7. Gender
1. Sexuality2. Women in politics3. Personal/Private life4. Womens' Issues5. LGBT/Q6. Appearance
7. Sexism8. Other
8. Electioneering1. Event-specific Gifts2. Handouts3. Timely Developments4. Election Promises5. Baby-kissing6. Cybertroopers/Social Media War7. Other