WTF is the Semantic Web
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WTF is the Semantic Web
Juan F. SequedaSemantic Web Austin
Oct 1, 2011
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WTF is the Semantic Web?
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Internet != Web
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What is the Web?
“… the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images […] and navigate between them via hyperlinks”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web
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Current Web = internet + links + docs
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History of the Web
• Created by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989• Mosaic browser in 1993• W3C created in 1994• Exponential growth mid 90s• Amazon, Ebay – 1995• Search engines – Google 1998• Dot-com boom 1997 – 2001• Web 2.0 – blogs, Facebook, Twitter, etc
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What is the problem?
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WHAT’S THE WEATHER IN
AUSTIN TODAY?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamieca/31631256/
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What is the problem?
• The web is full of documents• We aren’t always interested in documents– We are interested in THINGS– These THINGS might be in documents
• We can read a HTML document rendered in a browser and find what we are searching for– This is hard for computers. – Computers have to guess (even though they are
pretty good at it)
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The Web is a Data Shredder
Structured Data
Unstructured Data
Thanks Martin Hepp
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What would we like?
• Make it easy for computers/software to find THINGS
Do you SEARCH or do you FIND?
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Search for
Football Players who went to the University of Texas at Austin, played for
the Dallas Cowboys as Cornerback
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Why can’t we just FIND it…
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Guess how I FOUND out?
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On a Semantic Web
• Besides publishing documents on the web– which computers can’t understand easily
• Let’s publish on the web something that computers can understand
DATA
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The Semantic Web is a web of data
The current web is a web of documents
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But wait… doesn’t the web already have data?
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Current Data on the Web
• Relational Databases• APIs• XML• CSV• XLS• …• Can’t computers and applications already
consume that data on the web?
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Yes! But it is all in different formats and data models!
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This makes it hard to integrate data
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The data in different data sources aren’t linked
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For example, how do I know that the Juan Sequeda in Facebook is the same as Juan
Sequeda in Twitter
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Or if I create a mashup from different services, I have to learn different APIs and I get different
formats of data back
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Data is Siloed
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Wouldn’t it be great if we had a standard way of publishing data on the Web?
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We have a standardized way of publishing documents on the web, right?
HTML
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Then why can’t we have a standard way of publishing data on the Web?
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Good question! And the answer is YES. There is!
RDF
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Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Data Model = a way to model data– i.e. Relational databases use relational data model
• RDF is a graph data model
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Key Value vs Graph
• Key Values– firstName Juan– lastName Sequeda– livesIn Austin– knows Stephane Corlosquet
• But what are these key/values describing?– ME!
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RDF is a Graph
• Let’s group the Key/Values together– <JuanSequeda> <firstName> “Juan”– <JuanSequeda> <lastName> “Sequeda”– <JuanSequeda> <livesIn> “Austin”– <JuanSequeda> <knows> <StephaneCorlosquet>– ..– <StephaneCorlosquet> <firstName> “Stephane”– <StephaneCorlosquet> <lastName> “Corlosquet”– <StephaneCorlosquet> <livesIn> “Boston”
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RDF is a Graph
• Let’s group the Key/Values together– <JuanSequeda> <firstName> “Juan”– <JuanSequeda> <lastName> “Sequeda”– <JuanSequeda> <livesIn> “Austin”– <JuanSequeda> <knows> <StephaneCorlosquet>– ..– <StephaneCorlosquet> <firstName> “Stephane”– <StephaneCorlosquet> <lastName> “Corlosquet”– <StephaneCorlosquet> <livesIn> “Boston”
Key/ValueIdentifier for the “group”
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RDF can be serialized in different ways
• RDF/XML• RDFa (RDF in HTML)• N3• Turtle• JSON
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RDFa
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RDF/XML
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RDF/N-triples
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RDF/Turtle
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So does that mean that I have to publish my data in RDF now?
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You don’t have to… but we would like you to
Schema.orgRich Snippets
…
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An example
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Document on the Web
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Databases back up documents
Isbn Title Author PublisherID ReleasedData
978-0-596-15381-6
Programming the Semantic Web
Toby Segaran 1 July 2009
… … … … …
PublisherID PublisherName
1 O’Reilly Media
… …
This is a THING:A book title “Programming the Semantic Web” by Toby Segaran, …
THINGS have PROPERTIES:A Book as a Title, an author, …
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Lets represent the data in RDF
book
Programming the Semantic Web
978-0-596-15381-6
Toby Segaran
Publisher O’Reilly
title
name
author
publisher
isbn
Isbn Title Author PublisherID ReleasedData
978-0-596-15381-6
Programming the Semantic Web
Toby Segaran
1 July 2009
PublisherID PublisherName
1 O’Reilly Media
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Remember that we are on the web
Everything on the web is identified by a URI
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And now let’s link the data to other data
http://…/isbn978
Programming the Semantic Web
978-0-596-15381-6
Toby Segaran
http://…/publisher1 O’Reilly
title
name
author
publisher
isbn
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And now consider the data from Revyu.com
http://…/isbn978
http://…/
review1
Awesome Book
http://…/
reviewer
Juan Sequeda
hasReview
reviewer
description
name
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Let’s start to link data
http://…/isbn978
Programming the Semantic Web
978-0-596-15381-6
Toby Segaran
http://…/publisher1 O’Reilly
title
name
author
publisher
isbn
http://…/isbn978
sameAs
http://…/
review1
Awesome Book
http://…/
reviewer
Juan Sequeda
hasReview
hasReviewer
description
name
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Juan Sequeda publishes data too
http://juansequeda.
com/id
livesIn
Juan Sequedaname
http://dbpedia.org/Austin
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Let’s link more datahttp://…/isbn978
http://…/
review1
Awesome Book
http://…/
reviewer
Juan Sequeda
http://juansequeda.
com/id
hasReview
hasReviewer
description
name
sameAs
livesIn
Juan Sequedaname
http://dbpedia.org/Austin
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And more
http://…/isbn978
Programming the Semantic Web
978-0-596-15381-6
Toby Segaran
http://…/publisher1
O’Reilly
title
name
author
publisher
isbn
http://…/isbn978
sameAs
http://…/
review1
Awesome Book
http://…/
reviewer
Juan Sequeda
http://juansequeda.
com/id
hasReview
hasReviewer
description
name
sameAs
livesIn
Juan Sequedaname
http://dbpedia.org/Austin
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Data on the Web that is in RDF and is linked to other RDF data is
LINKED DATA
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Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs as names for things
2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up (dereference) those names.
3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information.
4. Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things.
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Linked Data makes the web appear as ONE
GIANTHUGE
GLOBAL
DATABASE!
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I can query a database with SQL. Is there a way to query Linked Data with a query language?
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Yes! There is actually a standardize language for that
SPARQL
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FIND all the reviews on the book “Programming the Semantic Web” by people who live in
Austin
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SELECT ?review ?commentWHERE { isbn:978 ex:hasReview ?review . ?review ex:description ?comment . ?review ex:hasReviewer ?person . ?person ex:lives dbpedia:Austin .}
SPARQL
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http://…/isbn978
Programming the Semantic Web
978-0-596-15381-6
Toby Segaran
http://…/publisher1 O’Reilly
title
name
author
publisher
isbn
http://…/isbn978
sameAs
http://…/
review1
Awesome Book
http://…/
reviewer
Juan Sequeda
http://juansequeda.
com
hasReview
hasReviewer
description
name
sameAs
livesIn
Juan Sequedaname
http://dbpedia.org/Austin
SELECT ?review ?commentWHERE {isbn:978 ex:hasReview ?review .?review ex:description ?comment .?review ex:hasReviewer ?person .?person ex:lives dbpedia:Austin .}
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This looks cool, but let’s be realistic. What is the incentive to publish Linked Data?
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What was your incentive to publish an HTML page in 1990?
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1) Share data in documents2) Because you neighbor was doing it
… later on …3) Marketing, Advertising, …, SEO
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So why should we publish Linked Data in 2011?
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1) Share data as data2) Because you neighbor is doing it
…3) Marketing, Advertising, SEO ++
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Linked Data Publishers• UK Government• US Government• BBC• Open Calais – Thomson Reuters• Freebase/Google• NY Times• Best Buy• Sears• Kmart• Overstock.com• CNET• Dbpedia• O’Reilly Media• …
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May 2007
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Oct 2007
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Nov 2007
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Feb 2008
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Mar 2008
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Sept 2008
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Mar 2009 (1)
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Mar 2009 (2)
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July 2009
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September 2010
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September 2011
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/
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YOU GET THE PICTURE
ITS BIG and getting
BIGGER and
BIGGER
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QUESTIONS?