WTC2018 20180628 Kuakoon noteworldtapiocaconference.com/2018/beta/pdf/kuakoon.pdf · 2018-06-28 ·...
Transcript of WTC2018 20180628 Kuakoon noteworldtapiocaconference.com/2018/beta/pdf/kuakoon.pdf · 2018-06-28 ·...
Kuakoon Piyachomkwan
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC)National Science and Tecnology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand
World Tapioca Conference 2018
28 June, 2018
CentaraGrand at Central Plaza Ladprao, Bangkok, Thailand
Future prospects of Thai Tapioca
- 2nd world root production after Nigeria
- Total root production of 30 million tons annually
(10% of world production)
- 1st producer and exporter of tapioca-derived products
- Generate upto 1,400 million USD revenue of exported products
Thai tapioca industry
- Total planting area = 8.3 Million Rai
or 1.4 Million hectare
- Mostly grown in North eastern, eastern part
- Root productivity = 4.7 tons /Rai
or 25-30 tons / hectare
(World average = 12 tons / hectare)
Tapioca production in Thailand
Tapioca is a cash crop of Thai farmers
- Drought tolerance
- Easy to grow with low inputs
- All year round planting/harvesting
- High yield-improved varieties
- High root productivity
- Roots with high quantity/quality of starch
Excellent agronomic characteristics
Beyond the farmer’s cash crop, tapioca is an industrial crop
- Chips
- Pellet
- Starches: Native & Modified starch
: Sweetener/ hydrolyzed products
- Bioethanol
Major tapioca products
Tapioca starch
Modified starch
Tapioca pearl Pregelatinized starch
Acid thinned starch
Dextrinized starch
Oxidized starch
Crosslinked starchDi-starch phosphateDi-starch adipate
Starch etherHydroxyalkyl/Cationic starch
Starch esterAcetylated starchPhosphate monoester starch
Native starchStarch hydrolysate
Maltodextrin
Sweeteners Glucose, DextroseFructose
Sugar alcoholsSorbitol/Mannitol
Amino acidsMSGLysine
Organic acid Citric acid Lactic acid
AlcoholsEthanol
Industrialapplications
Noodles
SaucesCosmetics
Uses of modified tapioca starches in food and non-food applications
Future prospects of Thai Tapioca
- Health food products
Gluten-free products
Clean label products (non-GMO, non-chemically food modified starch)
Low glycemic food products
- Biomaterials
Drug delivery system
Wound healing/ Tissue engineering scaffolds/ implants
Future prospects of Thai Tapioca
- Use as staple foods in many countries in various forms
- Mostly produced from sweet type: low cyanide content at the household level
- According to FAO Codex, cyanide content of flour < 10 mg HCN equivalent.kg-1
Cassava flour: a choice for gluten-free products
Household production of cassava flour
- Use as staple foods in many countries
- Mostly produced from sweet type, i.e. low cyanide varieties of cassava
- Produced at a cottage scale manually
Flour with cyanide < 10
mg HCN quivalent.kg-1
(FAO/WHO)
Bitter type of
cassava varieties
+
Large scale
production
mechanized
process - Wheat flour substitute
- Gluten free product
Cassava flour: a choice for gluten-free products
- Wheat flour substitute (high volume market)
Bakery, snack
Can replace upto 100% in some products
- Gluten free product (high value market)
Application
Mechanized process of making
low-cyanide cassava flour
- Technology transfer to private sector
- Market development with technical approach
(collaboratively with private sector )
Wheat flour bread Gluten-free bread
Fresh roots
Sand & soil removal
Washing
Crushing & rasping
Drying
Milling & sieving
Cassava flour
Tapioca flour for gluten-free products
- Gluten is wheat flour protein, also found in barley, rye and triticale
- Some people cannot eat gluten because it will damage their small intestine, called celiac disease.
- At least 1% of total population have celiac disease with a rapid increase in the number of people having celiac disease.
- No cure, only strict adherence to a GLUTEN-FREE DIET
- The market of gluten-free diet has continuously increased and expected to exceed more than 5 billion USD by 2015.
- Bread, cookie, cracker, pasta, cereal
Gliadin(viscous)
+
Glutenin(elastic)
Gluten(viscoelastic)
UNLESS LABELED “GLUTEN -FREE”
Amaranth
Arrowroot
Bean
Buckwheat
Corn
Millet
Potato
Quinoa
Rice
Sorghum
Tapioca / Cassava
Teff
http://savaflour.com/
Tapioca starch-based hydrogel
Most commercial hydrogels are from synthetic polymers
Petroleum-based resources
Non-biodegradable
May contain toxic residues
Hydrogels from bio-polymers
solution
Starch-based hydrogels
Applications: agricultural, biomedical, food packaging and personal hygiene products
Starch-based hydrogel as a superdisintegrant in tabl ets
Product performancePictures of paracetamol tablets containing 2% of dif ferent disintegrants after being in de-ionized water at various time
Disintegration time of paracetamol tablets(with 2% of different disintegrants)
Starch-based hydrogel
Commercial
Native cassava starch
0 sec 15 sec 30 sec 45 sec 60 sec 0
100
200
300
400
500
pH 1.2 pH 6.8Dis
inte
gra
tio
n t
ime
[se
c]
Native starch Commercial
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15
% D
rug
dis
solv
ed
Time [min]
Dissolution of paracetamol tablets(with 2% of different disintegrants)
a) pH 1.2
b) pH 6.8
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 5 10 15
%D
rug
dis
solv
ed
Time [min]
Native starch Commercial Starch-based hydrogel
Tapioca starch Chemical
modification
Gel consistency
Modified tapioca starch gel
Carbomer (commercial)
Starch-based hydrogel as a gelling agent in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products
Modified tapioca starch
Water absorption
Thailand 4.0: New Economy
Bioeconomy...Create the new wave of growth and sustainability of agricultural value chain
Bioeconomy is the next generation of agricultural based economy
SOURCE: Global Insight - Thailand real GDP forecast, team analysis
23| 23232323
Bioeconomy value chain provides integration of sever al sectors
Feedstock Industries
Biochemical Industries & SMEs
ConsumerIndustries
Agriculture
Seeds
$
$$
$$$$
$$$
Value
Value-chain
Seed
Corn
Oil Palm
Plant-Biomass
Ligno-cellulose
Starch
FattyAcids
SyngasCO, CO2, H2
Sugar
Succinate
Ethanol2,3 BDO
AminoAcid
Isoprene
1,4-Butandiol
L-tert Leucine
Sphingosine
Polyisoprene
Polyester
Pharma Active
Protein
DermatologyActive
Tire
Rubber
PlasticBottle
Energy
Adhesive
Pharma-ceuticals
Cosmetics
SOURCE: © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. 6:240–245 (2012); DOI: 10.1002
SOURCE: Office of Agricultural Economics, MOAC
Upstream DownstreamMidstream
No. 1 exporter
Current status
No. 1 exporter
No. 2 expoerter
299
Value1
(x1000 MBaht)
64
122
Rice
Cassava
1 Estimated from plantation area multiplied by revenue per area
Mainly exist LimitedFairly exist
Paddy Milled rice
Rice husk
Rice bran
Rice flourNoodle, pastaSnackPowder
Rice bran oil
Potablealcohol
Functional food
Feed ingredients
Gluten-free flour
Fresh roots Starch
DextrinEthanol Lactic acid
Beverage
Chemicals
Bioplastics Cosmetics
Medicine
Sugar Molasses Biopolymers (PLA / PBS)
Succinic acidLactic acid Fuel/ energy
Chips/ Pellets
Sugarcane Bagasse Ethanol
Agricul-
tural
based
economy
Rice Cassava
SugarcaneRubberOther crops
ผลผลิตทางการเกษตร
� Fermentation� Enzymatic conversion� Consolidated
bioprocessing biocatalyst
Bio-Conversion
� Organic synthesis
� Thermocatalysis
Chemical /Thermal
Conversion andmodification
Downstream Process
separation
extraction
purification
Application
Fuel/energy
Healthcare Pharmaceutical
s
Food
Feed
Nutraceuticalscosmetics
Pretreatment/Fractionation
Raw materials Conversion
� Physical treatment
High
Low
Value
Bulk Chemicals
วัสดุเหลือทิ้งทางการเกษตร
concentration
drying
formulation
encapsulation
• Torrefaction• Stream
Explosion• Acid/Alkalinity• Liquid Hot
Water• CO2
Explosion• Organosolv
Future prospects of Thai Tapioca: Biorefinery
Hydrolysis / Fermentation
Distillation Dehydration Anhydrous ethanol Gasohol
Production process of bioethanol for fuel use
Gasoline
CONCLUSIONS
- Tapioca serves not only as a staple food in many regions, it also serves as an important raw material for food, non-food and bio-based industry.
- To meet an increasing demand of tapioca for industry use, the sustainable production of tapioca roots with increasing farmer’s income must be achieved by improving root productivity, lower production cost, e.g. soil conservation, farm mechanization.
- As health and wellness continues to influence consumer and market trends, there is a great opportunities for developing health products from tapioca starch (non-GMO, non-chemically, non-gluten, low GI food) as well as biodegradable materials for biomedical uses.
- Tapioca can be one of the potential feedstock to serve Thai Bioeconomy.
Thank you for your attention