WS1 Nguyen Viet Anh - Decentralized sanitation in peri ... · Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen XuanDzung...
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QLNT ph©n t¸n (DESA) 01/16/2008 PGS. TS. NguyÔn ViÖt Anh, B/m CTN, §HXD Hμ Néi. 1 DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD. Centre for Environmental Engineering (CEETIA), Hanoi University of Civil Engineering 2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation Conference Beppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007 2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Measure taken 3. Results 4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Transcript of WS1 Nguyen Viet Anh - Decentralized sanitation in peri ... · Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen XuanDzung...
QLNT ph©n t¸n (DESA) 01/16/2008
PGS. TS. NguyÔn ViÖt Anh, B/m CTN, §HXD Hµ Néi. 1
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DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SOLUTION
FOR DENSE PERI-URBAN AREAS IN VIETNAM
NGUYEN, Viet-Anh, Assoc. Prof. PhD.Centre for Environmental Engineering (CEETIA),
Hanoi University of Civil Engineering
2007 East Asia Ministerial Sanitation ConferenceBeppu city, Japan, 30 Nov. – 1 Dec. 2007
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Content
1. Introduction2. Measure taken3. Results4. Conclusions and Recommendations
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1.Introduction
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Red river delta peri-urban areas: challenges
In-between urban and rural context:– High pressures from urbanization– Low income, limited awareness, less infrastructure
investments from higher level governments– Uncovered by urban sanitation services
High groundwater tableNutrients reuseHigh densityMixed production (livestock breeding, food processing, other handicrafts) and living spacesDifferent water sources (rain, well, public shallow well ...)Flat topography, frequent flood, difficult to separate surface drain and wastewaterToilets can not solve sanitation problem
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Lai Xa hamlet, Ha Tay province
Hanoi: 0.5 kmLai Xa hamlet
900 households
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2. Measures takenAssurance: willingness to change!Involvement of Community leaders, Group of Activists (40) – from Clusters, Mass Organizations, ...Coordination role!Start with IECMaster Plan for Water Supply and Sanitation for a CommunityCommunity choice: – Step-by-step approach in infrastructure development
Constant Awareness Raising efforts
Clean Water Supply
Wastewater TreatmentDrainageSolid Waste
Management
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Technical solutionsSource separation of solid wasteComposting station and sanitary landfillDecentralized scheme of wastewater mgmtCSOsVIP and DVCL for unsewered householdsStart from household: Screen and Grid removal. Guidance! Regular check!Community BASTAFs + CWs. Step-wise approach.Safe reuse of wastewater(?)
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To start from household!
Indoor sanitation
Cluster sanitation
Wastewater treatment station
Discharge/Reuse
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40
60
80
100
COD BOD5 TSS
Parameter
Rem
oval
Effi
cien
cy (%
)
ST STAF BAST BASTAF
ST < STAF ~ BAST < BASTAF
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BASTAF for 80 households
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Non-technical solutions
Training of trainers (40 activists)Community agreement, signed by householdsInstitutional framework 50/50 share in investment costsSupport for the poorCommunity supervisionSetting up of local Sanitation TeamOperational costs: household + local government
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Involved Stakeholders
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3. ResultsVisible physical improvementsHealth improvementSocial environment in the village
Improvements (in %) last 5 years
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Diarrhoea
Intestinal Worms
Light stomach problems
Schistosomiasis
Tracoma
Skin Infection
Malnutrition
Acute respiratory
Dis
ease
Frequency reduction
Table 1. Hygiene behaviour change in Lai Xa
Practice in the last 5 years…
Worsen Stable
Some improvements
Improved a lot
Hand-washing with soap
X
Face washing with individual towels
X
Clean water used for drinking and cooking
X
Wastewater disposal X
Solid waste disposal X
Protection clothes from wastewater
X
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Before
After
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Before After
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Some other solutions to share
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Further readingsDuncan Mara, Jan-Olof Drangert, Nguyen Viet Anh, Andrzej Tonderski, Holger Gulyas, and Karin Tonderski. Selection of sustainable sanitation arrangements. IWA Journal: Water Policy, 9 (2007), 305–318 pp. Julie Beauséjour, Nguyen Xuan Dzung and Nguyen Viet Anh. Public participation and improved households practices in a small sanitation project in Lai Xa, Vietnam. Proceedings: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2006. J. Beauséjour and A. V. Nguyen. Decentralized Sanitation Implementation in Vietnam: A Peri-Urban Case Study. IWA Journal: Water Science & Technology, Vol. 56 (2007), No. 5, pp 141 – 148.
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4. Conclusions and Recommendations
Community-based sanitationCoordination role of local governmentDecentralized approach, step-by-stepLow-cost technical solutions, innovationsInstitutional and financial mechanism to sustain the systemIEC should go first and stay along with technical solutions to ensure political will, behavior change and system sustainability
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Thank you very much for your attention
