Writing Problem and Hypothesis Statements for Engineering Research(51)

8/7/2019 Writing Problem and Hypothesis Statements for Engineering Research(51)

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Writing Problem and Hypothesis

Statements for Engineering Research(51)/

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Setting of work proposal: ??

Work problem:?

Quantitative specification of problem:?

Importance of problem:,?

Project need: ,?


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Work objective:?

Methodology to achieve objective

:?Anticipated results:

?

Contribution to field:?


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() Increasingly larger substrate requirements havespurred advances in semiconductor manufacturing. Thus, tosatisfy ultracleam environment requirements, the pumpingperformance of vacuum pumps is increasingly important in theetching process, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and physical

vapor deposition (PVD). However, the processingpressure can not remain constant with a declining pumpingperformance. (NOTE : Add 3-4 more sentences that describecharacteristics of the problem or statistics that reflect its severity) According to evaluations based on man-made and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in previous

studies, pumping lasts too long. Theinability to evaluate the pumping performance efficiently andprecisely makes it impossible to comply with the demand ofactual processing pressure. Therefore, a vacuumperformance system must be developed according to ISOstandards, with automatic testing and human-machine interface

functions.


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() A vacuum performance system can be developed

according to ISO standards, with automatic testing and human-machine

interface functions. To do so, pumping performance

can be evaluated based on the flow meter method. The flow rate can

then be adjusted to obtain a balanced inlet pressure. Next, the pumping

speed can be determined based on this relationship. Additionally,

results of the experimental pumping speed can be compared with those

of simulations. As anticipated, the proposed vacuum

performance system can evaluate the throughput, pumping speed,

ultimate pressure, and residue gas analysis via its automatic testing

and human-machine interface functions in an inlet pressure rangeexceeding 1.3x10-6 Torr. Importantly, the proposed

system can eliminate the evaluated time and provide human-machine

interface functions. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more sentences that describe

more thoroughly how the proposed method contributes to a particular

field or sector)


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() Advances in telecommunications and informationtechnology have led to the transformation of optical storage media fromCD, VCD, DVD to BD format. Consumer demand for an optical pick-uphead in higher capacity portable optical storage media, e.g., near-fieldoptical disc, focuses on a more compact and lightweight size with alarger storage capability, as well as fast read and write actioncapabilities. In particular, a glass material refractive index exceeding2.0, a weight less than 80 gram and a size smaller than 1.0 millimeterin diameter are of priority concern. For currentspecifications of a refractive index exceeding 2.0 for glass material anda diameter smaller than 1 millimeter for glass beads, conventionalgrinding and polishing glass processing methods fail to satisfy stabilityrequirements and consumer demand regarding the shape of the optical

storage media device in terms of precision and efficiency. (NOTE :Add 2 more sentences that describe characteristics of the problem orstatistics that reflect its severity)


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() (NOTE: You need to quantify theproblem that you are trying to solve) The inability to comply with consumer demand regardingthe specifications of optical storage media devices makes itimpossible to produce a quality and sufficiently smalloptical pick-up head that can read and write data efficiently. Therefore, a method must be developed,capable of manufacturing 100 optical lenses in a single runusing a glass molding process.


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() A method can be developed, capable ofmanufacturing 100 optical lenses in a single run usinga glass molding process.

To do so, two 10 * 10 ceramic mold

array plates, with each mold having a diameter of 1mllimeter, can be produced based on the temperaturedistribution of a heating device. Glass with a refractiveindex of 2.003 can then be selected and pre-manufactured to the appropriate volume. Next, the

required shape for an optical lens can be pressed bycontrolling the heating and cooling times through useof a high-temperature glass molding machine.


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() As anticipated, the proposed method canensure the manufacturing of 100 precision opticallenses in 3 hours, along with homogeneity of theshape reaching 95%.

Importantly, in addition to its desiredfeatures of optimized batch production, precise speedcontrol and shorter processing time, the proposedmethod ensures that the components cost less when agreater volume is produced. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more

sentences that describe more thoroughly how theproposed method contributes to a particular field orsector)


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() The image data of a spatial dimension in cross-track and thespectral dimension are sampled simultaneously for hyperspectral imagers byusing a 2D detector array. Based on use of the pushbroom mechanism, thesespectrographs, with an entrance slit and a PGP dispersing element, isextensively adopted in remote sensing. A hyperspectral image of a largeground surface can be easily obtained by multiple image acquisition usingthese imagers.However, the detector array graduallymalfunctions after long-term imaging operations. Additionally, a few CCDs inthe detector array decline in performance with different levels. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more sentences that describe characteristics of the problem or statistics thatreflect its severity) For instance, a higher performancedecay level of defective CCDs, e.g. 50%, implies a greater impact on the imagequality for a hyperspectral image; the same condition is true as the number ofdefective CCDs and the spectrum bands. Such defectiveCCDs produce vertical stripes in image segments and degrade the image

quality of a hyperspectral imager. While the detector array must be replaced tomaintain high image quality, replacing a detector array with only a few defectsis economically infeasible. Therefore, a novel restorationalgorithm must be developed for a hyperspectral image to maintain a highimage quality without replacing the detector array of an imager.


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() A novel restoration algorithm can bedeveloped for a hyperspectral image to maintain a highimage quality without replacing the detector array of animager. To achieve restoration, the proposed algorithmincludes defective CCDs detection based on acquired

images and image restoration based on inter-bandradiance interpolation. Defective CCDsare detected (based on OR according to) radiancedeviation of each image line for all hyperspectral bands.Image restoration is then performed using inter-band

radiance interpolation of Lagrange polynomial on the imagelines with defective CCDs. Next, CCDs defects for animager are identified periodically to update the CCDshealth status. Additionally, hyperspectral observer ofplants and environment (HOPE) images, as developed byITRC, with simulated defective CCDs of various

performance decay levels are applied for validation.


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() As anticipated, the proposed restoration algorithm has anaccuracy for images with homogeneous ground feature that exceedsthose with non-homogeneous features. Additionally, defective CCDswith a performance decay of 10% can still be designated precisely.Moreover, restoration accuracy of pixel radiance is achieved as well forvarious spectral bands using the proposed algorithm. Furthermore,

image reconstruction is performed using interpolation of spatialneighboring pixels. Both methods are compared in terms of radiancedeviation. In contrast with the method using interpolation ofneighboring pixcels, the proposed algorithm can handle the imagestaken by hyperspectral imager with adjoining defective CCDs both inspatial and spectral dimensions. Highly promising forhyperspectral images, the proposed algorithm can ensure that animager operates continuously despite the presence of a few defects indetector array. (NOTE : Add 2-3 more sentences that describe morethoroughly how the proposed method contributes to a particular field orsector)


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Writing Problem and Hypothesis Statements for Engineering Research(51)

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