Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Compounds: –C–Compounds composed of 2...
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Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds
• Binary Compounds:–Compounds composed of 2 elements.
• When writing names, the positive charge, the cation, must balance the negative charge of the anion.– Example: potassium chloride• K+ Cl-
• KCl
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
• When naming binary compounds with metals that are not transition, just name metal and nonmetal.– Example:• CaCl2
–Calcium chloride• Li3N–Lithium nitride
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Binary Compounds, continued• More examples:–Calcium Bromide• Ca2+ Br1-
• CaBr2
– Iron (III) Oxide• Fe3+ O2-
• Fe2O3
–Calcium Sulfide• Ca2+ S2-
• Ca2S2
• CaS
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds With Transition Metals
• CuO• Is it copper (I) or copper (II)?• Work Backwards:– 1. What is the charge of oxygen?• 2-
– 2. How many oxygen atoms are there?• 1
– 3. So your overall negative charge is what?• 2- (2- x 1)
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Naming Binary Ionic Compounds, continued
–4. What charge must balance out a negative 2?• Positive 2
–5. How many atoms of copper are there?• 1
–6. So what is the charge of the copper atom?• 2+ (2+ ÷ 1)
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Ternary Ionic Compounds
• Ternary Ionic Compounds:–A compound that contains atoms of three
different elements.• How would you write the formula for calcium
nitrate?–1. Write the symbol(s) and charge for each
part of the word.• Ca2+ NO3
1-
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Ternary Ionic Compounds, continued
–2. Then cross and drop to balance your charges. (*If you need to cross and drop a number other than one next to a polyatomic ion, use parenthesis.)• Ca(NO3)2
–Write the symbol(s) and charge for each part of the word.•Mg2+ PO4
3-
•Mg3(PO4)2
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MoleculesMolecules:
Smallest electrically neutral unit of a substance that still has the properties of the substance.Made of 2 or more nonmetals that act as a unit.Diatomics:
2 atomsI2, Br2, Cl2, F2, O2, N2, H2
Triatomics:3 atomsH2O, CO2, O3
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
• Use the prefixes in Table 6.5. MEMORIZE THESE!!!– Mono- means 1– Di- means 2– Tri- means 3– Tetra- means 4– Penta- means 5– Hexa- means 6– Hepta- means 7– Octa- means 8– Nona- means 9– Deca- means 10
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Naming Binary Molecular Compounds, continued
• *The only time you use the prefix mono- is when you have one of the second element. You NEVER use mono- on the first element.
• CO2– Carbon dioxide
• CO– Carbon monoxide
• PCl3– Phosphorous trichloride
• Cl2O8– Dichlorine octoxide
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Naming Acids
• If Hydrogen is the first element in your compound, you have an acid.
• If it is a binary acid, 2 elements, use the prefix hydro- put the root word and then end in –ic.– Example: HCl• Hydrochloric
– Example: H3N• Hydronitric
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Naming Acids, cont.
• If you have more than 2 elements, you have a polyatomic present in your acid.– All you change is the ending. • If the polyatomic normally ends in –ate, change the
ending to –ic.• If the polyatomic normally ends in –ite, change the
ending to –ous.
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Naming Acids, cont.
• Example:– HNO3• H is present, so we know it’s an acid.• NO3 is nitrate• So, we have nitric acid
– HC2H3O2• H is present, so we know it’s an acid.• C2H3O2 is acetate• So, we have acetic acid
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Naming Acids, continued
• Example:– HNO2• H is present so we know we have an acid.• NO2 is nitrite• So we have nitrous acid
– H3PO3• H is present so we know we have an acid.• PO3 is phosphite• So we have phosphorous acid
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Is the first element in your compound an H?
Yes
No
You have an acid.Name it appropriately.
Are there more than2 elements?
Yes
No
You have a polyatomicpresent. What is it?Once you’ve found thatname as normal.
Do you have both ametal and a nonmetalpresent?
YesIs the metal atransition metal?
Yes
Find the chargeof the metal workingbackwards. Use roman numerals to identify the charge. Thenname the nonmetal with-ide at the end.
No
Name the metalas normal, then namethe nonmetal using-ide on the end.
No
It is a molecularcompound. Use prefixesto name it.
If you have a metal that is a transition metal, use roman numerals. If not just name it as normal.
The Flow Chart