Writing Fce Complete

8/22/2019 Writing Fce Complete

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FCE Writing

AMA DANANG CARE & SUCCESS Page 1

Contents

Introduction of the FCE writing paper ....................................................................... 3TYPE 1: FORMAL LETTER .................................................................................... 5

1. How should I approach the task? .................................................................. 52. Formal letter structure ................................................................................... 53. Useful language ............................................................................................. 64. Sample letters ................................................................................................ 65. Exercise .......................................................................................................10

PART I .............................................................................................................10PART II ............................................................................................................15

TYPE 2: INFORMAL LETTER ..............................................................................181. How should I approach the task? ................................................................182. Informal letter structure ...............................................................................183. Useful language ...........................................................................................194. Exercise .......................................................................................................20

TYPE 3: ARTICLE ..................................................................................................241. How should I approach the task? ................................................................242. Article structure ...........................................................................................243. Useful language ...........................................................................................254. Exercise .......................................................................................................27

TYPE 4: STORY .....................................................................................................341. How should I approach the task? ................................................................342. Story structure .............................................................................................343. Useful language ...........................................................................................354. Exercise .......................................................................................................37

TYPE 5: REPORT ...................................................................................................41


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1. How should I approach the task? ................................................................412. Report structure ...........................................................................................413. Useful language ...........................................................................................424. Exercise .......................................................................................................46

TYPE 6: ESSAY ......................................................................................................511. How should I approach the task? ................................................................512. Essay structure .............................................................................................513. Useful language ...........................................................................................514. Exercise .......................................................................................................55

TYPE 7: REVIEW ...................................................................................................611. How should I approach the task? ................................................................612. Review structure ..........................................................................................613. Useful phrases: ............................................................................................614. Exercise .......................................................................................................63

TYPE 8: SET BOOK ...............................................................................................651. How should I prepare to write about the set book? .....................................652. How should I approach the task? ................................................................653. Set book structure ........................................................................................664. Useful language ...........................................................................................675. Exercise .......................................................................................................70

ANSWER KEY ........................................................................................................71


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Introduction of the FCE writing paper

The Writing paper is paper 2 of the FCE exam and it lasts 1 hour and 20 minutes.In this paper you have to complete 2 writing tasks.

Task 1 is compulsory - you have no choice and you have to write about 120-150

words. This sounds a lot but if we say sentences are about 10 words long then it's

only about 12-15 sentences. If you have average handwriting it's also only about 12

lines. A piece of cake. In task 2 you have a choice of 4 possible tasks and you have

to write just a bit more 120-180 words. You should try to write at least 150 as it is

difficult (but not impossible for a skilled writer) to complete the task and impress

the examiner in task 2 if you only write 120 words. Generally time shouldn't be a

problem for you in this part of the exam if you have had plenty of practice before

the exam.

In task 1 you will be asked to write either a letter or an email. They give you some

material to read and you must respond to that material with your letter or base your

letter on the material given. For example, you might have to respond positively to

an invitation, give or ask for information, express an opinion, give reasons for

doing or not doing an activity or convey a preference. It's really important to show

that you understand the reasons you are writing and to whom.In Task 2 you could be asked to write an article, an essay, a letter, a report, a

review or a story in questions 2-4. They are based on general topics such as health

and fitness, sport, music and so on. Questions 5a and 5b are based on two set texts.

There will be one question on each of the set texts (so question 5a and 5b). You

might be asked to write the same kind of piece as in questions 2-4 apart from a

story.

What are the examiners looking for?

The examiners are highly trained and have many criteria for marking your writing.

As a general summary they are looking at the following aspects:

- Content - have you included what you are asked to include - not just part of the

required content, but all of it? This is where writing a plan really helps. It takes just


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3 minutes but can save you time when you are writing and help you not to miss

important information. There's an example at the bottom of the article.

- Organisation and cohesion - is it organised? Are all the ideas linked together?

Does it read like 1 piece of writing or lots of little bits thrown together?Paragraphs!!! (Generally speaking 3 is minimum and more than 5 would probably

be an exaggeration). If you have written a good plan this part shouldn't be a

problem for you.

- Appropriacy and format - if it's a letter, does it look like a letter? If it's a report,

does it look like a report? E.g. A letter starts with Dear, a report doesn't. This also

includes 'register' - this means the level of formality of language - if you are

writing to a friend you should write more informally, if you are writing to someone

in authority you should use a more formal style.

- Range - this is the area you really show off in. You must show that you know a

variety of grammar structures and vocabulary. This will also make your work more

interesting for the reader.

- Accuracy - mistakes!! Try not to make them! Spelling, punctuation, wrong

vocabulary, grammar mistakes. When you check your work it's a good idea to

check at least 3 or 4 times, but each time you check for something different. E.g.

many people have problems with a/the - so check your work by looking at thenouns and seeing if you have the right article or no article. Tenses are tough in

English, so check through your work by looking at the verbs. Spelling could be

another check. What about checking to find ways to improve your range (see the

point above)?

- Target reader. When he or she is checking your work, the examiner puts himself

in the position of the target reader and wants to see what impression you make.

Does your letter, email, article, essay etc. have the right effect on the readers? For

example if you are asked to write a letter of complaint don't be too critical and

aggressive because this would have a rather negative effect on the reader in real

life and you may not get what you want - compensation etc. Remember the Brit's

are generally a polite lot. So if you do the same in the FCE exam the examiner puts

himself in the position of the target reader and will give you a lower mark because

of the bad effect on the target reader.


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TYPE 1: FORMAL LETTER

1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the letter? The task will tell you exactly what you have to

do. This may include: asking for or giving information; initiating action orresponding to a request; giving feedback on suggestions; making complaints,

suggestions, or corrections.

Who will read it? Probably someone who you do not know well, if at all. This

may be a named individual, or an unnamed representative of an organisation,

possibly a person in a position of authority or responsibility.

What style should I use? Be polite. Use indirect expressions, formal linking

phrases and set phrases wherever appropriate. Avoid being too familiar, or usingcontractions and colloquial language.

What information should I include? In a transactional letter you will need to

read all the information you are given. This will include the task itself, plus one or

more additional texts, such as letters, memos, adverts, and hand written notes. You

must respond to all the questions and points in the texts or notes.

2. Formal letter structureDear,

Paragraph 1 Say why you are writing. Clearly state the subject or

context.

Paragraph 2 Organise all the essential information from the task

prompts in a clear and logical way in the main paragraphs

of the letter. You may need to add some extra ideas of

your own.

Paragraph 3 Say how you expect the other person to respond to your

letter if this is appropriate.

Paragraph 4 More ideas

Closing expression(s)

Signing off Yours.,


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First name + surname

3. Useful language

Greeting Name unknown: Dear Sir/ Madam,

Name known: Dear Mr. /Dear Mrs. /Dear Ms. +

surname,

Reason forwriting

- I am writing to - I am writing with regard to- I am writing on behalf of...

Asking questions - I would be grateful if- I wonder if you could- Could you?- I would like/ be interested to know

Referring to theirletter/points

- As you stated in your letter, - Regarding / Concerning - With regard to

Closingexpressions

- If you require any further information, please do nothesitate to contact me.

- I look forward to hearing from you.Signing off - If Dear+ name: Yours sincerely

- If Dear Sir/Madam: Yours faithfully,- If Dear + name or Dear Sir/Madam: Yours

Name Your first name + surname

4. Sample letters Sample question 1

You have just seen the following advertisement in your local newspaper:


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Write your letter of application to Mrs Green. Do not write any addresses.

Model answer

Dear Mrs. Green,

I am writing in response to your advertisement, which I saw in the Daily News

yesterday. I would be very interested in applying for this position.

I am a nineteen year-old student, currently studying Maths at Warwick University.

I love being with children. I have three younger brothers and sisters, who I

regularly look after when my parents are at work. They also love sports and games-

basketball, swimming, tennis, hide-and-seek- and I would be very happy to

organize similar activities for your children.

I speak English very well. I was awarded an A grade in the Cambridge First

Certificate in English examination last year.

I would be very grateful if you could let me know what the rate of pay per hour

would be, and which hours during the summer I would be expected to work. I

could be free everyday if necessary, from the beginning of June until the end of

September.

If you require any further information, or wish me to attend an interview, please do

not hesitate to let me know.

Yours sincerely,

Helen Taylor


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Sample question 2You bought the personal stereo advertised in a mail order catalogue.

A GREAT LITTLE PERSONAL MUSIC CENTER THAT FITS IN YOUR

POCKET! (Very big and too heavy for my pocket)

This high-quality stereo comes to you at the unbeatable price of $19.99, (not true

found one for $14.99 in shop) including cost of postage, lower than you will find in

any shop.

It comes compete with:

- Headphones (missing)

- Convenient carrying case (zip broken)

- Batteries

It has a recording facility (didnt work), will pick up any radio station, and plays all

your tapes (destroyed two tapes) with high-quality sound.

THIS IS A BARGAIN NOT TO BE MISSED!

Write a letter to Home Mail Order, complaining about the stereo, and asking for

your money back, or a new stereo.

Model Answer:

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing in connection with a personal stereo which I saw advertised in your

mail order catalogue. Last week I bought one of these, and I am sorry to say that Iwas very disappointed when I received it.

First of all, your advertisement stated that the price would be lower than in any

shop but I saw the same stereo at a price of $14.99 instead of $19.99.


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Furthermore, your advertisement promised that it would be a high-quality stereo

complete with all necessary accessories. However, when I received it, the

headphones were missing and there was a broken zip on the carrying bag. As well,

the recording facility did not work, and I have already destroyed two tapes that

contained my favourite musical compositions.

Finally, you also promised that it would be a compact and portable device.

However, the stereo was so big and heavy that it could not be carried in a pocket.

Could you please arrange for me to receive a new one or refund my money in full?

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Peter Petrov.

Sample question 3

How much?

Where in Dorset?

What time?

Model answer

Dear Sir or Madam,

SEA CREATURESa fun sea life

centre for the whole family. Visit one

of Dorsets finest attractions and

meet some of the seas most amazing

creatures. Dont miss dolphin feeding

time!


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I recently saw an advert for the Sea Creatures and would like to visit the sea life

centre with some friends. I am writing to ask for some more information.

My friend and I are all fifteen, so please could you let me know the price of tickets

for this age group? Your advert does not say exactly where Sea Creatures is. Could

you send me a map or give me details of your website so that I can find out.

Finally, dolphin feeding is mentioned in your advert. Please let me know what time

of day this usually happens.

I would be grateful if you would send me this information as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully

Joe Hall

5. ExercisePART I

1. Read this example of a part I task and answer the questions.a. What is the main purpose of the letter?

b. What key fact should be included?c. How formal or informal should the style be?

You have recently joined a leisure center which has not lived up to yourexpectations. You decide to complain to the management, pointing out thedifferences between their publicity and what you have found. Read the leafletand the notes you have made. Using this information, write a suitable letter tothe leisure center. Write between 120 and 150 words in an appropriate style.

2. Read this letter written in answer to the task. Is the relevant informationincluded, and is the style appropriate?


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3. Underline and correct any errors in spelling, grammar and punctuation.Then rewrite any parts that are in an inappropriate style.

4. Find and underline five phrases in the letter which express a contrast. Thereare two each in paragraphs 2 and 4, and one in paragraph 3. The first has

been underlined in the letter.

5. Which of the five words or phrases cannot be used to join contrasting ideaswithin one sentence?

6. Complete these sentences with appropriate contrasting phrases. More thanone answer may be possible.

a. --------it was raining, I went for a run.b. Jon usually beats me at tennis. ---------, yesterday I beat him easily.c. I enjoy playing golf, -------Im not very good at it.d. I tried to ring you yesterday, ---------I couldnt get a reply.e. He went to work by car, -------he knew the traffic would be very

heavy.

f. -------the fact that I felt terrible, I got up and went to work as usual.


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7. Complete these sentences with your own ideas.a. Even though I take regular exercise, ------------.

b. I enjoy watching sport on TV, but---------------.c. Despite the fact that she couldnt drive,--------.d. Ive never been to Australia. However, ---------.e. Although I learn to swim when I was quite young, --------------.

8. You are going to write a formal transactional letter. First, read the task andthe other information provided. What key points should be included?

When you write, use contrasting language to highlight good and bad points or to

point out the difference between your expectations and your actual experience.

9. Read the information and the task. Then use the writing guide to help youwrite the letter. Remember to use informal language and some of the useful

expressions.


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Your parents have offered to pay for a climbing course for you and a friend. Look

at the advert and the notes you made. Write a letter to your friend inviting him or

her to do the course.

Paragraph one ask how your friend is and tell him/ her what youve been

doing

Paragraph two invite him/ her to go on the course and give details.

Paragraph three explain how much you want your friend to come

10.Read the information and the task. Then use the writing guide to help youwrite the letter. Remember to use linking words and some of the useful

expressions.


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You went to see the band Storm. Unfortunately, some things went wrong. Read the

advert and your notes, and then write a letter of complaint to the manager of the

Octagon explaining what happened.

Paragraph one explain why you are writing

Paragraph two describe what happened

Paragraph three say what you want


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PART II


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TYPE 2: INFORMAL LETTER

1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the informal letter? To respond to a request for action

from somebody else, such as to give information or make suggestions.Alternatively, it could be to initiate action, for example, to request information or

invite somebody to do something. The task will tell you exactly what you have to

do.

Who will read it? The person or people you have been asked to write to.

What style should I use? An informal style. Slang and colloquial expressions are

sometimes appropriate, for example, if you are writing to a friend, but not if you

dont know the person. Contractions are always appropriate.

What information should I include? In a transactional letter you will need to

read information which is included in a variety of texts, for example, letters,

memos, adverts, and your hand-written notes. You must answer all the questions in

the texts or notes and make reference to any other comments.

2. Informal letter structure

Dear,

Paragraph 1 Begin by asking some personal questions or

making some personal comments

Paragraph 2 Say why you are writing. If you need to change

agreements or turn someone down, give

reasons.

Paragraph 3Give the information that you have been told togive. Add some more details of your own if you

like.

Paragraph 4 Like paragraph 3

Closing expression(s) Finish your letter with an appropriate comment.


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Dont just stop abruptly.

Your first name ..

3. Useful languageGreeting Dear + first name

Asking about them Hi! How are things?

How are you?

Hows it going?

Referring to their news Great news about

Glad to hear thatSorry to hear about

Giving news Listen, did I tell you about

Youll never believe that

Oh, and another thing.

Making suggestions Why dont you?

Maybe you could

How about?

Closing expressions Well, got to go now.

Give my love to

Say hello to

See you soon!

Signing off Love,

Lots of love,

Yours,

Name Your first name

Sample question:Your Italian pen friend, Antonia, wrote and asked about your lifestyle in England.

Read part ofAntonias letter and reply.


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I think I have a very healthy lifestyle. I eat a lot of fruit and I get a lot of fresh air.

My family lives near the mountains, so we often go walking. Last weekend, we went

rock climbing. I saw a lot of wildlife and I took a lot of photos. What kind of

lifestyle do you have?

Model answer

Dear Antonia,

Thanks for your letter. Your lifestyle sounds really interesting! We dont live near

the mountains so Ive never been rock climbing, but Id love to try it.

You asked me about my lifestyle. I think Im quite healthy too. I sleep for abouteight hours every night and I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise.

Im quite good at tennis and I often go swimming with my friends. Last month, I

decide to do something different. I did a snorkeling course at our local swimming

pool. While I was doing the course, I met some really great people! The course was

hard, but we were all in the same boat!

Id love to visit you one day. I think wed get on really well!

Please write soon!

Love

Kate

4. Exercise1. Read this example of a Part I task including the email and handwritten notes,

and answer the questions.

a. What information should be included in the reply to the email?b. What style will the reply be written in? Why?


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You have received an email from an English- speaking friend, Sam, who is comingto stay in your town. In the email, Sam, who is coming with a friend, has asked youfor some information and suggestions. Read Sams email and the noted you have

made. Then write an email to Sam, using all your notes. Write your email in 120-150 words.

2. Read this reply written in answer to the task. Is the relevant informationincluded, and is the style appropriate?


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Formal and informal language

3. Answer the questions with F (formal) or IFM (informal).Which kind of writing is more likely?

a. To have short sentences?b. To have an impersonal tone?c. To use contractions (shortened verb forms)?d. To include polite phrases?e. To use passive verbs?f. To use phrasal verbs rather than single-word verbs?g. To leave out certain words such as pronouns?h. To use very simple words or slang?

4. How many of the informal features from the list a-h above can you find in thesample answer? Read the letter again and check.

Think, plan, and write

5. You are going to write an email. Read the task below and decide what style-formal or informalis more appropriate.


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6.You have received an email from an English- speaking friend, Jo, who is

planning to spend a year in your country, learning your language and doingsome part- time work. Read Jos email and the notes you have made. Then

write an email to Jo, using all your notes. Write your email in 120- 150words.

7. Decide in detail what information you can give your friend.8. Here is a paragraph plan:

Paragraph 1 Greeting/ react to friends news.

Paragraph 2 Answer the questions about the part- time work

Paragraph 3 Answer the questions about language classes

Paragraph 4 Suggest where your friend could look for

accommodation.

End the letter appropriately.

9.

Finally, read through your letter, checking grammar, spelling and punctuation.


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TYPE 3: ARTICLE

1. How should I approach the task?Who will read the article? Readers choose articles that interest them and ignore

those that look dull.

What information should I include? You may have to describe personal

experiences or express opinions and ideas which people of young age can identify

with. What you write need not be true.

What is the purpose of the article? To inform readers about a particular topic in an

entertaining way.

What style should I use? The style can be light or serious, depending on who the

target reader is. Magazine articles, especially for young adult readers, are often

written in a light-hearted style. The title and opening paragraph should try to

capture the readers attention. We may use some rhetorical questions: e.g. Can you

imagine a school where every student enjoys themselves?

What language should I use? Probably some use of descriptivelanguage and

language of opinion.There should be some examples.

2. Article structure

Title - Articles usually have a title. The title should beinformative (give the reader an idea of the

subject) and attractive (make the reader want to

read the article).

- Think of an interesting title which will makepeople want to read your article.

Opening - Start your article in an interesting way. You couldask the reader a question or make a strong

statement.

- Should be clearly defined, not too long andclearly linked.


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Paragraph 1 The first paragraph should involve the reader in some

way. Try to end the paragraph in a way which makes the

reader want to continue reading.

Paragraph 2 Build on the interest you have raised in the firstparagraph. This may mean answering the question or

telling the next part of the story.

Paragraph 3 Use each paragraph to mark the next stage of your

article.

Ending Finish the article in an interesting way. This could be

humorous or thought-provoking.

3. Useful language

Engaging the reader - Have you ever?- Do you find that?- Are you one of those people who?

Making suggestions - Imagine- Lets suppose- Why not?- Have you thought of?- Try...

Giving examples - Take for example/instanceExpressing opinion - As I see it,

- To my mind, - I believe (that) - As far as Im concerned- In my view,

Sample question 1


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Your teacher has asked you to write an article for your school magazine about your

professional achievements.

Write an article for your teacher.

Model answer

MY ACHIEVEMENTS

Im very proud of some of the things Ive done in my life. Here are two of my

greatest achievements!

Every year, we have a sports day at school. Im not very good at sports and I dont

usually win any races. However, two years ago, I decide to get fit. I went running

three times a week and I joined a karate class. On sports day, I entered three

running races. I didnt win any of them, but I came second in the 100 metres. I was

really pleased.

People have always said that Im good at singing, but Ive never been very

confident. So, six months ago I started singing lessons. Then my teacher asked me

to sing in the school concert. I sang a song by AvrilLavigne. I dont think Ill ever

be a pop star, but I felt it was a real achievement!

There are a lot of things I want to achieve in my life. My next goal is to pass my

exams!

Sample question 2You have seen this notice in an international magazine.

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS

Inventions have affected all our lives!

Write us an article about one invention, explaining whyyou think it is

important and saying how it has affectedyour own life.

The best article will be published in the magazine.


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Model answerIMPORTANT INVENTIONS.

Nowadays, cars have become irreplaceable and people cannot stop using them.Cars have been invented to improve the quality of our lives but recently we have

become addicted to them.

Not only do we use vehicles to do shopping but we also use them as the way of

travelling. Getting to work by using public transport is very difficult sometimes,

dependenton traffic. There are some other advantages of having a car such as

spending less money on buses and trains.

My life has changed since I collected my driving license. I have become moreindependent which is very important. I can decide the same day when I want to goand visit my uncle, who lives in different town. Having a car also is needed if Iwant to get a good job.There are some disadvantages to having a car such as pollution, increasing noise

and number of accidents on the roads. I try not to go by car everywhere because I

know how important is to take care of environment. From my point of view the age

of drivers is terrifying low. Young people are irresponsible and don't really care

much about anything. Honestly, I think a car is a good invention but we need to

think before using it. The time goes so fast and must be aware of our future.However serious the problem is, I don't think we can stop using car.

4. Exercise1. Read this part 2 task and answer the questions.

1. In what situations do people read magazine articles?2. Why do people choose to read or not to read a particle magazine article3. What would be an appropriate style for this kind of article?

An English- language magazine for students is running a series of articlesentitles Im just crazy about in which young people write about their

personal interests. Write an article for the magazine in 120-180 wordsabout an activity you are enthusiastic about.


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2. Read this article and answer the questions.a. How does the writer try to interest the reader?

b. How interesting does you find the article?c. How would you describe the style? Formal or informal? Personal or

impersonal? Serious or humorous?

d. In which paragraph does the writer describe a personal experience?e. What descriptive language does the writer use?

3. Which of these are essential features of an article tittle?

a. It should attract your attention.

b. It should make you want to read the article.

c. It should tell you exactly what the text is about.

d. It should give you an idea of what the text is about.

e. It should be short.


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4. Which of these titles would make you want to read an article about the sky-

diving?

Give reasons.

5. Which of these opening sentences would make you want to continue reading?

Give reasons.

6. You are going to write a magazine article. First, read the task.

An English- language magazine for students of your age is running a series of

articles entitled Ive always wanted to. in which young people write anactivity theyd be keen to try. Write your article for the magazine in 120- 180words.

7. Decide on an activity to write about and note down some key ideas. If possible,

choose an activity you would really like to try.

8. Plan your article. Make brief notes as you work through these stages.

a. work out a paragraph plan. Think particularly about what you will write in yourfirst and last paragraphs. Hoe many paragraphs will you need? Remember to plan a

new paragraph for each main idea.

b. think of a suitable title and an interesting first sentence.


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c. who is going to read this article? Think about people of your own age: what kind

of things interests them?

d. can you include your own opinions and personal anecdotes?

e. what style and tone would be appropriate- informal? Personal? Humorous?

9. Write an article based on the notes you have made. Dont forget to checkyour grammar, spelling and punctuation.

PART 2

10.In part 2 of the First Writing test, you may be asked to write an article. Look atthe following Part 2 question.

You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.

My Favorite Holiday Destination

Tell us about a holiday destination you know well, giving details of thefollowing:

What is the best time to visit? What can tourists see and do there?

Write us an article answering these questions. We will publish the mostinteresting articles next month.Write your article in 120- 180 words.

1. Answer the following questions in pairs.a. What should a good article have?

b. How can you interest the reader at the beginning of an article?c. Discuss your ideas about what to include in the article?d. Think of two or three interesting tittles for your article and share your

ideas with the rest of the class.

2. Read the following statements and in groups decide if they are true (T) orfalse (F) and correct the false ones.

1. These article should be based on your experiences and include somedescription.


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2. You must answer both parts of the question. If you do not do this, youwill lose marks.

3. You should begin with Dear Sir and Madam.4. You have to write about 100 words.5. You should write your article in a neutral style as it is for an international

magazine.

6. You can write your article in pencil.7. You should make a plan before writing, and try to connect your ideas

clearly.

8. You must remember to use paragraphs and make sure the language issuitable for your target audience.

9. You dont need to worry about spelling and grammarmistakes when youwrite.

10.You can use subheadings and numbered points.11.For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of a word which best fits each

space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning

(0).


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Use the text on Portugal above as a model answer and discuss the following

questions.1. How many paragraphs are there?2. What tense is used throughout the article?3. Find some interesting vocabulary in the article. If necessary, check its

meaning in a dictionary.

4. Are there any other expressions which you could use in your own article?

12.Write your article, using three or four paragraphs. Remember to read throughthe task again carefully and include all the information needed.

13.Write a description for youe school magazine of somebody you get on wellwith. Use the writing guide to help you. Remember to use linking words and

some of the useful expressions.


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Paragraph one

Who is the person?

Paragraph two

What qualities does he/ she have?

How does he/ she make you feel?

Paragraph three

When do you spend most of your time together?


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TYPE 4: STORY

1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the story? To entertain and interest the reader.Who will read it? Your story may be for a competition or a magazine. The task

may say who will read it, for example, your teacher or other foreign language

students.

What style should I use? Use a neutral style- not formal but not too informal

either. Use descriptive language: adjectives and adverbs make a story more

dramatic.

What information should I include? A good story has an interesting beginning, amiddle which maintains our interest and a definite end. You need to set the scene

and choose two or three events to describe in detail.

2. Story structureTitle ..

Paragraph 1 -Begin or end your story with the words given, if this is

asked for in the task.

-Unless you are writing in the first person, introduce the

main characters. Say where and when the events took

place, and give any other important background

information. Make your beginning interesting so that

people will want to read on.

Paragraph 2 Develop the story: event 1.

Add descriptive detail to make it more real.

Paragraph 3 Develop the story: event 2Add descriptive detail to make it more real.

Paragraph 4 Bring the story to an end.


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3. Useful languageTime phrases It all began

It was one of those days when

At firstSome time later,

Meanwhile

Later,

Eventually,

In the end,

Finally,

Dramatic devices Suddenly,

All of a sudden,

Just at that moment,

Direct speech , said x. . said x

Verbs withdirect/indirect speech

Tell whisper shout think cry

Concluding It had all been

After everything that had happened,

Sample question 1You have decided to enter a short story competition. The competition rules say that

the story must begin with the following words:

As John got off the train, he couldnt believe how cold it was.

Write yourstory for the competition.

Model answerJOHNS TRIP

As John got off the train, he couldnt believe how cold it was. He quickly put on

his warm hat and gloves and walked carefully in the snow. He looked around


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excitedly and saw his Uncle Bill at the end of the platform. With him were Johns

cousins. Alex and Tony.

The train left the station and John came up to his relatives. He hadnt seen his

uncle for a long time, but he hadnt changed. He was still short and fat, with around, bald head. They all said hellp nervously and then they laughed and kissed

each other. The boys started talking loudly and began to walk towards the car.

Where are your bags, John? asked Uncle Bill, suddenly. John stopped.

Oh no, he cried, sadly. Theyre on the train! They all looked. In the

distance, the train was slowly disappearing. John felt so foolish.

Uncle Bill quickly found a guard and spoke to him. He came back a second later.

Its okay.he explained. They are going to send them back from the next station.

They all smiled and John knew it was going to be a great holiday, after all.

Sample question 2Your English teacher has asked you to write a story for the college magazine. Yourstory must begin with the following words:Alice knew that it was going to be a very special day for her.

Write yourstory.

Model answerAlice knew that it was going to be a very special day for her.

She knew her name as she had been hearing it for the last nine months.

She thought it was a beautiful name and she felt very happy each time somebody

said her name.

That day she felt really strange.She moved as she never did before. The mostconfusing thing was that even though it had been her room, her space, she felt she

didn't fix there any more as she was bored with the same things all the time.

Suddenly, she started hearing people shouting like in a real rush but happy at the

same time; she hasn't any idea about what was going on in that external world and


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her desires of getting out of that unbearable place were increasing each time. She

had to work very hard for it but finally she succeeded, she did, she was out. It was

like a shock but a great adventure and she just cried and cried

Now she is at home with her parents who take care of her all the time. Besides shehas brought a lot of happiness to many other people. Certainly it was a very special

day.

4. Exercise1. Work in pairs. Find out what makes your partner feel bored, excited and

nervous.

2. Reads the part 2 task and tell your partner about a situation when you got

very angry.

Your language school is running a short story competition. The story mustbegin or end with the following word:I had never been so angry in my whole life.Write your story in 120-180 words.

3. The sentences in the answer to the question have been jumbled. Put them

in the correct order, ignoring the gaps. The first one has been done for

3. The following adverbs have been removed from story. Complete the text by

putting them into the most appropriate spaces.


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Carefully furiously noticeably patiently politely

4. Read this answer to the same question. Make it more dramatic by adding

the adverbs in italic at appropriate places in the graph.

5.

Replace the parts in italic in each sentence with more descriptive verbs fromthis list, making any other necessary changes.

Crawl creep dash stroll whisper yell

a. He ran across the road very quickly.b. She told me the answervery quietlyc. The traffic moved slowly through the town center.d. He walkedupstairs very quietly.e. Sheshouted very loudly, Look out!f. She walked slowly through the park arm in arm.

6. You are going to write a short story. First, read the task.


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7. Before you write, spend some time thinking of some ideas to include in thestory. Use the questions below to help you. Choose one of the answers given or

use your own.

8. Write your ideas into a story. Remember to- Set the scene (where and when did it take place?)- Give any necessary background information (what happened before?)- Conclude the story (what was in the envelope? a letter? happy news? sad

news?).

9. Imagine you were the witness to a burglary at your school. Write a story.Answer the questions below before you begin. Remember to use time words

and phrases and some of the useful expressions.


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When did you first see the burglar?

What did the burglar look like?

Did the police catch him/ her? How? Why not?


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TYPE 5: REPORT

1. How should I approach the task?Whats the purpose of the report? You may be asked to give information,

evaluate something, or make suggestions and recommendations.

Who will read it? The people who are asking for the report will read. This may be

an official group or somebody in authority, like a boss or a college principal.

What style should I use? Be clear and avoid unnecessary detail. Give essential

information and recommendations. An impersonal style is often appropriate,

avoiding overuse of thepronoun I.

What information should I include? Make a number of points in answer to the

question. Give some description and explanation. Conclude with a personal

recommendation.

2. Report structureReports should have a clear factual headingand may also have subheadingswhichdivide the writing into shorter sections. The information should be organised and

presented as clearly and logically as possible, with a short introduction explainingthe aims of the report and how the information was obtained and asuitable conclusion, summing up the information and making recommendations if

necessary.

To:From:Subject:

.

..

..

Introduction Use heading: IntroductionNormally we state the aim or purpose of the report at the

beginning.

Avoid repeating exactly the words of thequestion, e.g. the question says recommend

improvements. The report says how these could be

made better.

Paragraph 2: Heading:..


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Paragraph 3: Heading:

Paragraph 4: Heading:. Conclusion

Use your conclusion to summarize briefly. Makesure that you express your personal

recommendation if this is asked for in the

question. Make points clearly and directly.

Give reasons for your recommendations.3. Useful language

Initial inforation To: From: Subject: orRe: Date

Headings Introduction conclusion Recommendation

Introduction As requested,

This involved visiting/ speaking to

This report is intended to

This report looks at / describes

It is based on

It draws on

It uses...

Having visited/spoken to

My findings are outlined/presented below.

The aim of this report is + infinitive

The purpose of this report is + infinitive

Reporting anobservation It seems/appears thatThe majority / minority of

It was found that

It was felt that

Quoting According to

As X said


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In the words of

Speculating It may / could / might (well) be that

Generalising In general

On the wholeIn the main

Commenting Interestingly

Surprisingly

As might be (have been) expected

Curiously

Predictably

Oddly

Strangely

It is interesting that

Recommending Having considered the options,

I would lik eto suggest/recommend

I therefore suggest/recommend

You may wish to consider

I recommend that

I would recommend+ v-ing

I suggest that

It would be agreat idea (for somebody)+ infinitive

It is recommended that

(Perhaps) it would be advisable for X to (do)

(Perhaps) X might /should consider

Summing up To sum up / To summarise

On balance

In short

Sample question 1


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Look at this task:

An English friend of yours is working on a series of articles called Young and

Old around the World which looks at different towns and cities through the

eyes of teenagers and senior citizens. She has written asking for your help andthis is an extract from her letter.

What I want is some first-hand information about what its like to live in yourtown from the point of view of the two different age groups. You would need to

interview, say, ten people in each category on the main topics of publictransport, entertainment, and shopping and write me a brief report. Could you

also include a short introduction about your town and give a little summing upat the end?

Write yourreport in about 250 words.

Modal answerLEISURE FACILITIES IN GRIMTHORPE

IntroductionThe aim of this report is to describe and assess the leisure facilities available inGrimthorpe. It is based on information made available by the GrimthorpeTourist Office, and on views expressed by local people who were interviewed.

SportGrimthorpe has a wide range of sports facilities, both public and private. Thereis a large modern leisure centre in the High Street and facilities include aswimming pool, a sports hall for judo, fencing and other activities, and tenniscourts. The centre runs courses in all these sports and these tend to be very

popular. Membership costs 150 a year, which was felt to be rather expensive,but a special temporary membership is available to visitors. The publicswimming pool on the outskirts of the town is older, less attractive and oftenovercrowded, but entry is only 1.50.

TheatresThere are two theatres in town, the Kings Theatre in Bee Street, which offersmainly serious drama and has a good reputation for its productions of

Shakespeare, and the Little Theatre in Sea Street which specialises in lighterentertainment and the occasional pop concert. In general, it seems that theKings Theatre is more popular with the older members of the community whilethe Little appeals more to people in their teens and twenties.


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Museums and Art GalleriesThe City Museum has an extensive collection of maps, pottery and otherarticles connected with Grimthorpes history. The attendants are said to be very

friendly and helpful, and there is also a small caf with reasonably priced home-

made snacks. Interestingly, few of the local people interviewed had ever been tothe museum but it was recommended highly by several tourists.ConclusionGrimthorpe is well provided with leisure facilities for a town of its size andthese are well used by the townspeople on the whole. Sport seems to be themost popular leisure activity, while cultural activities like visiting the museumor art gallery appeared to be the least popular among the Grimthorpians whowere interviewed. Perhaps the City Council should consider launching a

publicity campaign to show how much these facilities have to offer.

Sample question 2Your teacher has asked you to write a report on things for young people to do in

their free time in the area where you live. In your report, you should mention what

free-time facilities there are and recommend improvements.

Write yourreport.

Model answerREPORT ON FREE-TIME FACILITIES IN MY AREA

Introduction

The aim of this report is to outline what young people do in my area in their free

time, what facilities exist for them and how these could be made better.

Free time activities

My town, Beauvoir, is quite small, so it does not have a cinema or theatre and there

is only one club for young people. As a result, young people have to take the train

or bus to Nantes, which is about 30 kilometers away if they want these things. On

the other hand, it is situated by the sea; so many young people spend their free time

on the beach or doing water sports.


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Other facilities

Beauvoir has a sports center with tennis courts, a football pitch and a swimming

pool. There are also a number of cases where young people normally go to meet

each other and spend their free time.

Recommendations

I recommend that the town council should set up a youth club where young people

could meet, do other activities and also see films. This would encourage young

people to stay in the town at weekends and improve their social life.

4. Exercise1.

Read this example of a Part 2 task and answer the questions below.a. Who is going to read the report?

b. How formal and informal should the style be?c. What information is it essential to include in the report?

Your town would like to attract more foreign visitors, especially young people.The local council has asked students to write reports suggesting how the townmight update its image to attract more young visitors. Write your report in 120-180words.

2. Read the report and answer the questions.a. Is it written in an appropriate style?

b. Does it contain everything that is asked for in the task?c. What features of the layout make this report clear to follow?d. What is wrong with the clause in blue?


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3. The passive may be used in reports to express ideas in an impersonal way.a. Underline all the uses of the passive in the answer above?

b. The words in italic in the introduction to the answer are too informal.Rewrite these words using the passive.

4. Rewrite these sentences using the passive to make them more appropriate forreport. The beginnings of the new sentences have been given.

a. We should replace the old- fashioned hotels with youth hostelsThe old- fashioned hotels---------------------------------------------.

b. The town should provide better sports facilities for foreign visitors.Better sport facilities---------------------------------------------------.

c. We could put adverts in the local papers asking for the host familieswhere foreign students could stay.

Adverts-------------------------------------------------------------------.

d. Lots of foreign students come to our language schools. We could openmore of these.

More language schools------------------------------------------------.

e. The town should get someone to design an up- to- date website.An up- to- date website------------------------------------------------.


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5. You are going to write a report. First, read the task and decidea. Who is going to read the report?

b. What information is it essential to include in the report?The director of the language school you attend is considering makingimprovements to the general appearance of the school. He/ She has asked you towrite a report making your recommendations on how this might be achieved. Writeyour report in 120- 180 words.

6. Plan what you are going to suggest in your report and make some notes.Remember: you are making recommendations about a school- not a leisure

center, and about the schools appearance not what happens there. Think

about:

g. The approach to the school, the entrance and the reception area. Arethese areas warm and welcoming?

Is there always a receptionist to welcome visitors?

h. The classrooms.


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Are they lights, spacious and well- decorated?

Are they comfortable to work in?

Are they well equipped with learning aids, like a video machine,

computers, etc.?

i. Other areas.Is the caf or dining room a pleasant place to spend time? Are the

menus interesting?

Are the notice boards kept up to date? Is it easy for students to find

the information they need?

When you write, dont forget to include all the information required in the

task. Make sure the layout and style are appropriate.

7. Read the task. Then use the writing guide to help you write the report.Remember to use appropriate adjectives and some of the useful expressions

A group of English students are coming to visit your school. You have been

asked by your teacher to write a report recommending a suitable day trip. Write

about where to go, what to do, how to get there and the cost.

Paragraph one recommend a place to goParagraph two suggest how to spend the day

Paragraph three recommend how to get there

Paragraph four suggest how much money students will need

Paragraph five write a conclusion


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TYPE 6: ESSAY

1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the essay? Essays are usually set by teachers for students.

They give students the opportunity to express their opinions on subjects which maybe controversial.

Who will read it? Probably only the teacher will read, but possibly other students

in your class do.

What style should I use? Essays are formal pieces of writing. Your opinions

should be expressed in a clear and logical way. Use discourse markers to make

clear how your different points are related.

What information should I include? A good essay includes clearly stated

opinions supported by well-chosen examples and convincing reasons.

2. Essay structureThe opening paragraph should establish the general topic of the composition andthe conclusion should give a balanced personal comment on the topic. There ismore than one way of structuring this essay:

Introduction, arguments for, arguments against, conclusion Introduction, one argument for, several arguments against and obvious

conclusion (as in the sample essay 3) Introduction, argument for or against only, conclusion

3. Useful languageStating an aim I will discuss both point of view and express my own

opinion.

Introducing the firstpoint in a list of points

First,

Firstly,

First of all,

To start with,

To begin with.

Introducing a furtherpoint in a list of points

Second(ly),

Third(ly),


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Moreover,

Furthermore,

In addition,

Whats more, Apart from that,

Also,

Another point to be made is that

Introducing a final pointin a list of points

Finally,

Lastly,

Presenting two(dis)advantages together

not only but also

Presenting two opposingpoints of view On one hand, on the other hand,

Expressing results For this reason,

Because of this,

As a result,

Therefore,

Thus,

Expressing contrast However

butAlthough

Though

Even though

In spite of

Despite

Nevertheless

In contrast to this,

On the other side of the argument,

Giving examples For example for instance such as like

Expressing your opinion In my opinion

As I see it,

To my mind,


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I believe (that)

As far as Im concerned,

In my view,

I do believe that On balance, it seems to me that

Expressing someoneelses opinion

Some people believe (that)

According to

It is said (that)

Scientists argue/claim/ say that...

Introducing aconclusion

To conclude,

In conclusion,

To sum up,

In summary,

Conclusion The advantages of outweigh the disadvantages.

Sample question 1Your teacher has asked you to write an essay giving your opinions on the

following statement:

It is better to have a low-paid job you enjoy than a highly-paid job you dislike.

Write youressay.

Model answerIt is better to have a low-paid job you enjoy than a highly-paid job you dislike

Many of us would like to have a job which is both well paid and enjoyable.

Unfortunately, however, monotonous and badly-paid work is the reality for most

people. Nevertheless, it is interesting to reflect on which is more important to us:

job satisfactory or money.

On the one hand, earning a high salary allows you to do the things you want. It

enables you to have holidays in exotic places, own the house of your dreams and


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buy the latest technology. Even if you do not like your job, at least you will be

happy in your free time.

On the other hand, a well-paid job would mean working long hours, with little free

time to enjoy your wealth. By contrast, a satisfactory job may not make you rich,but it might give you more control over your time and make you more contented

with your life.

In my opinion, the ideal solution would be to spend several years earning a large

salary, and then find a job you really want to do and live on your savings.

Sample question 2You have been doing a class project on the environment. Your teacher has asked

you to write a composition about the following statement:

Everybody can help to protect the environment.

You should state whether you agree or disagree with this statement, explaining

your reasons clearly.

Write yourcomposition.

Model answerThere is no doubt that the environment is in danger. Mankind has caused the

worlds environmental problems, and only man can solve them. But can we, as

individuals, do anything to help?

There are many environmental problems that only governments and businesses can

solve. For example, one of the causes of global warming is pollution from factories

and cars. Governments must persuade factories to take responsibility for reducing

their pollution, and car manufacturers to produce cars which do not give outdamaging exhaust fumes.

Nevertheless, there are things that individuals can do. Firstly, we can recycle our

used plastic, glass and paper. If we do this, factories will not have to produce so

much. As a result, there will be less pollution. Secondly, we can use our cars as

little as possible. This will also reduce pollution. Finally, we can raise awareness


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about environmental issues, and put pressure on governments and businesses to act

responsibly.

In conclusion, one individual has little effect on protecting the environment.

However, if we work together, we can all make the world a cleaner place.

Sample question 3You have had a class discussion on shopping. Your teacher has now asked you to

write an essay, giving your opinions on the following statement:

Shops should be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week

Write youressay.

Model answerShould shops be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week? I totally disagree with it.

Of course, if shops were open all day all time, it would be very convenient for us.

There are some times when we want something suddenly, and how nice it would

be if we could get that exact thing immediately!

But think about the other aspect of it. If shops had to be open all the time, someone

would have to work for those shops. Then people would have fewer holidays

because of the more work that has to be done, and it would not be good for our

mental health. What is more, to open the shops even at night, we would have to

consume much more electric energy, and it is not environmental at all, needless to

say. Contrary, what we should do is to cut down our energy as much as possible to

protect our earth.

To sum up, shops should NOT be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. I think

wed better consider about our environment first, before meeting our selfish andindividual demands.

4. ExercisePART 1

1. Read the following Writing Part 2 task and underline the key words.


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You have had a class discussion about social networking websites. Your teacherhas now asked you to write an essay giving your opinion on the followingquestion:

Is Facebook good for friendship?Write your essay in 120- 180 words.

2. Think of as many ideas as possible either in support of Facebook or againstFacebook.

Reasons in favor of Facebook Reasons against Facebook

3. The following statements are all about Facebook. In pairs decide if each one isfor or against Facebook.


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Are any of the ideas similar to yours? Which of the above points would you

include in your essay?

PART 2

1. Read the model answer below. What is the purpose of each of the fourparagraphs?


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2. In an essay, it is important to link your ideas. Look at the underlined linkingexpressions in the model answer and say which ones are used to:

j. List/add pointsk. Show contrastl. Introduce a conclusion

PART 3

1. Read this discursive essay, ignoring the gaps. Then answer this question.m.What is the purpose of each of the four paragraphs?n. What are the main points made in the second and third paragraphs?o. Where are the writers opinions expressed?

p. Is the style appropriate?


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2. Complete the essay using appropriate words and phrases from this list. Morethan one answer may be possible.

3. Match each phrase in the list below with its purpose a, b, c.a. to introduce additional information

b. To introduce information which contrasts with that has gone beforec. To summarize or conclude an argument

4. You are going to write an essay. First, read the task


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a. What is your first reaction to the statement about advertising?b. Would you prefer to write only your own opinions on the subject or both

sides of the argument?

5. Before you write, think about the topic. Discuss some of these questions inpairs.

11.Make a list of two or three points on each side of the argument:


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TYPE 7: REVIEW

1. How should I approach the task?Who will read the review? Your review will be read by readers of a magazine.

What is the purpose of the review? The review is intended to give information to

the reader which will help them decide whether to attend the event themselves.

What style should I use? Use a style similar to an article which is likely to

interest the reader.

What information should I include? Give essential information about the story,

cast, band members, etc. Say what you like and didnt like about the performances.

Make a recommendation to the reader about whether or not they should go.

2. Review structureTitle State the name of the film, play, concert, ect.

Paragraph 1 Introduce the topic of the review

Paragraph 2 Give the positive features

Paragraph 3 Give the negative features

Paragraph 4 Finish with a final recommendation.

3. Useful phrases:Say what you arereviewing

- The (film, booketc) I would like to review is..

- The last Film I saw / book I read was.

Giving background - This show stars- The play is directed by- The film is about- Its set in.- The story is based on (a book...) ..- Its about..- There are many memorable characters

including .

- The main theme of the film is..


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- - What the film is saying is..Expressions whichintroduce a contrast

- On the plus side,- On the down side,- On the one hand,- On the other hand,

Recommending - Overall, Id recommend- All in all, the film was- I wouldnt hesitate to recommend- I wouldnt encourage anyone to - I would recommend this film to anyone.- Although I enjoyed it, I would not recommend

it for.

- Its one of the best (shows) Ive ever seen.- Although I am not normally keen on (musicals),

I am glad that I decided to go.

- The (film) lifts you out of your everyday life.

Sample questionYou have seen this notice in your school library:

REVIEWS NEEDED

We want to buy some new books for the library. Have you read a good book in

English recently? Write us a review of a book you enjoyed, explaining why you

liked it and why you think it would be a good choice for the school library.

We will use your reviews to help us decide which books to buy.

Write yourreview.

Model answerTHE THIEVES OF OSTIA


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The thieves of Ostia by Caroline Lawrence is the first in a series of books entitled

The Roman Mysteries and I think its an absolute must for the school library.

The book is set in the Roman port of Ostia nearly two thousand years ago. It tells

the story of Flavia and her three friends, and their attempts to discover who hasbeen killing the dogs of Ostia and why. Its full of mystery and excitement, and the

plot has many twists and turns, which make you want to keep reading.

The book is aimed at ten to twelveyearold native English speakers, but it is

very popular with older children and would be ideal for teenagers studying

English. Whats more, it gives a fascinating insight into life in Roman times, so

readers learn about history as well as improving their language skills.

After finishing The Thieves of Ostia, students will want to borrow further booksfrom the series. By buying it, then, the library would be doing a lot to encourage

students to read more in English.

4. Exercise1. You have seen this announcement in your local English- language

newspaper.

Have you eaten at a local restaurant recently? If so, why not write a review for ourFood section, telling other readers what the restaurant and its food is like?All reviews published will receive a free meal at the restaurant.

Write a review.

Which of these elements do you think a restaurant review should contain?

Yes/ no/ maybe

1. The type of restaurant2. The writers general opinion of the restaurant3. A description of its design and surroundings4. A description of the food5. A description of the other customers6. A description of the service7. An explanation of how to get there


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8. A recommendation9. An indication of the price10.The location

2. A review is a good opportunity to show your range of vocabulary. Writeeach of the adjectives below in the appropriate column. You can write some

adjectives in more than one column.

Airy cozy fresh friendly modern reasonableSatisfying tasty wonderful informative

The waiters The interior The food The price

3. Read the following writing task.

You have read this announcement in your college magazine.Do you have a favorite restaurant in town? If so, why not write a review forour Free time section, telling other readers what the establishment is like andgiving us a recommendation? The three best reviews will receive a prize of50.

Write a review. Write 120- 180 words.

Write a plan for your review. Your plan could include:

Paragraph 1: Introduction: name and type of restaurant + where situated;

your overall opinion of it.

Paragraph 2: Particular dishes the restaurant serves + your opinion: thedcor, service,

Paragraph 3: Things you particularly like + price(s)

Paragraph 4: A general recommendation


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TYPE 8: SET BOOK

1. How should I prepare to write about the set book?Get to know the book

- Read it several times. For 2013, the set books are: William Thackeray: Vanity Fair (Black Cat or any edition) Mary Stewart: This Rough Magic (OUP)- Watch a film version. Make notes about the differences.

The story

- Write a short summary of each chapter.- Make a list of the main events.

The characters

- Make a list of the main characters. Make notes about their appearance andpersonality. What adjectives could you use to describe them?

- Make notes about the most important relationship in the book.The time and place

- Make notes about where and when the story is set.- If it is set in the past, think about any differences there are with the modern

world.

Your opinion

- Write notes about why you like the book. Think about adjectives to describethe story, e.g. exciting, unusual, etc.

- Write about your favorite part. What happens?Why do you like it?

- Write about anything you dont like about the book.2. How should I approach the task?

What is the purpose of the task? You may be required to express an argument in

an essay or an article, or to give your opinion of the book in a letter, a report or a

review.


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Who will read it? An essay or a report would be written for your teacher or for

someone in authority. An informal letter is likely to be to a friend. An article or a

review would be read by the readers of a magazine.

What style should I use? Follow the notes given on writing styles in the relevantWriting Guides.

What information should I use? In each case, only include information about the

book which is relevant to the question. Dont be tempted to retell the story or to

give unnecessary details.

3. Set book structureLetter

Dear,

Paragraph 1 Begin with suitable expressions

Paragraph 2 Answer part 1 of the question. Refer to the book you want to talk about early

on.

Give reasons for your opinions.Paragraph 3

Answer part 2 of the question. Give reasons for your opinionsClosing expression(s)

Your first name ..

Essay

Introduction Introduce the subject of your composition in your first

paragraph

Refer back to the question

Paragraph 1 Make a number of points for one side of the argument

Paragraph 2 Make a number of points for the other side of the

argument

Conclusion Refer back to the question.


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4. Useful languageNouns used in books Main character villain opening minor characters

setting ending hero/heroine plot main event(s)

Adjective to describe

charactersPositive: kind, generous , clever, sensitive, brave

Negative: unkind/cruel, mean, stupid, insensitive,

cowardly

Adjectives to describe

the storyPositive: mysterious, exciting, original, interesting

Negative: ordinary, unexciting/dull, unoriginal,

uninteresting/boring

Key words:

Author: the writer of a novel or short story

Example: The author manages to bring the past and the present together by setting

half the novel in the eightteenth century, and half in the twentieth century.

be set in: Most stories are set in a certain time and place.

Example: The novel is set in eighteenth century London.

Chapter: Most novels are divided into chapters. These are usually numbered and

sometimes have a title.

Example: When we are introduced to Kose in the first chapter, she is lonely and

poor.

ending: the end of the story

Example: this novel does not offer a traditional happy ending.

main/central character: a very important character in the story

Example: Eliza Doolittle, one of the two main characters, is a working-class

flower-seller who does not speak English in an educated way.


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minor character: a character who does not play a central role in the story.

Example: Although Tom is only a minor character, he greatly affects how Angela

views relationships.

narrator: the person telling the story

Example: The narrator of the story is Ishmael, so we see everything that happens

through his eyes.

novel: a book which tells one long story.

Example: The plot revolves around five members of a family sailing across the

Pacific Ocean.

short story: Sometimes, the set book will be a collection of short stories. These

stories are much shorter than novels.

Example: In the short story The Devil, we see that humans do not always have

control over their actions.

twist: a sudden plot development which the reader was not expecting

Example: The twist in the final chapter, where we discover that Mr. Davenport is

in fact Helens long-lost father, is totally unexpected.

Sample Question 1A J CroninThe Citadel

You have received a letter from a friend asking about books you would

recommend reading. Write a letter to your friend, explaining what you liked or

disliked about The Citadel. Describe your favourite or least favourite part.

Model answerDear Ben,

Thanks for your last letter. Its always great to hear from you!


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I want to tell you about a really good book Ive read. Its called The Citadel. I like

it because it shows the difficult decisions people face in real life situations. Its

about a doctor who works first in a mining area. While there, he starts with strong

moral ideas about helping poor people get good health care. Later, when he and hiswife move to London, he uses his medical skills to make money from richer

patients. These developments make the story really interesting.

My favourite part of the story is the part where the doctor, Manson, helps to save

the life of a miner trapped underground. It shows the qualities of bravery and

intelligence that a good doctor should have. It also illustrates the terrible working

conditions in the early twentieth century.

Read the book! Its fantastic!

See you soon.

Simon

Sample Question 2Jules VerneAround the world in Eighty Days

Phileas Fogg and Passepartout travel around the world together experiencing

various adventures on the way. Write an essay saying which character learns most

from their journey.

Model answerPhileas Fogg and Passepartout are unusual travelling companions. Their different

experiences of travel provide the novel Around the World in Eighty Days with

some of its most fascinating moments. From these experiences, Fogg learns most,

ending the journey a different person to how he started.

When we meet the two characters, we learn that Passepartout has lived a very

varied life. In this sense, he has more experience of the world than Fogg.

Passepartout gets into many difficulties, such as when he is drugged in Hong Kong

or kidnapped by indians in America. However, I think that, if the journey

continued, he would carry on having experience like these.


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On the other hand, Fogg breaks his usual lifestyle by accepting the bet to travel

around the world. He starts off as a very typical Englishman, with a slightly cold

exterior. By the end of the novel, however, he has fallen in love.

To sum up, under the influence of a woman,Phileas Fogg learns to become a

warmer and more sensitive character by the end of the story.

5. ExerciseAnswer the following question based on one of the tittles below.

1.Phantom of the Opera by Gaston LerouxWho was the Phantom of the Opera and what information is given in the

story about his past life?Write youressay.

2. Great Expectations by Charles DickensYou have seen a notice in an English language magazine asking for

articles about strange characters in books.

Write an article describing Miss Havisham in Great Expectations,

explaining why she is so strange.

3.Phantom of the Opera by Gaston LerouxThis is part of a letter from your English- speaking friend Clare:

Ive finished reading Phantom of the Opera now. At the end, I feltsorry for Erik. How did you feel about him? Write and tell me. Clare

Write yourletter.

4. Great Expectations by Charles DickensWhat are Pips Great Expectations? Give your opinion on whether he

was what he expected by the end of the book.

Write youressay.


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ANSWER KEY

TYPE I. FORMAL LETTER

PART I

1. Keya. The main purpose is to get a written explanation or full refund of the

membership fee.

b. The letter should include the specific examples of how the leisure centredisappointed the member.

c. The style should be formal.2. Key

All the information has been included. The styles is too informal, specifically the

phrases pretty impressive, didnt have a clue, I am furious. The style is also very

aggressive, especially in the final graph.

3. Possible answerDear Sir,

Im writing to complain about Centre 2K, which I visited yesterday evening. This

was only my second visit. I became a member two weeks ago having seen you

publicity leaflet which was very impressive.

First of all, I went for a workout in a gym and found that two of your machines

were out of order. I thought one of the staff might be able to help, but it took me

ten minutes to find someone. Although he was very friendly, he did not know

anything about the machines.

Next, I went for a swim. Unfortunately, the water was not heated, despite the fact

that it was a cold evening.

Finally, I decided to go to the caf for a hot drink. However, when I got there it

was closed, even though it was only 10:45 p.m.

As you can imagine, I am extremely disappointed. I would like to a full

explanation in writing form you within seven days or I will cancel my membership

and request a refund of my membership fee.

Yours

4. KeyParagraph 2: But, although

Paragraph 3: Despite

Paragraph 4: However, even though

5. KeyHowever


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6. Keya Although/even though

b However

c even though

d bute even though/although

f Despite

7. Possible answersa Even though I take regular exercise, I am still overweight.

b I enjoy watching sport on TV, but I dont like taking exercise.

c Despite the fact that she couldnt drive, Sue bought a car with her first salary.

d Ive never been to Australia. However, Id love to go.

e Although I learnt to swim when I was quite young, I get scared when I go in thesea.

9. Example answerDear Katy,

How are you? Ive been going to the cinema a lot recently. Its been great!

What are you doing on the second weekend of July? Do you fancy doing a three-day

climbing course? The course is at Snowy Peak Mountain, which is about two hours away

on the train. We can stay in a local youth hostel, which sounds really good. It has a gamesroom with table tennis. I thin

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