Writing essays.ppt
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Transcript of Writing essays.ppt
Writing EssaysDavid Estrella I., MBA
Contents
1. Background info
2. Parts of the Pragraph
3. The mechanics of writing
4. What is an essay?
5. Purpose and types of essays
6. Parts of the essay.
7. The thesis statement.
8. The process
9. Assesing the essay?
10. Using APA style.
What is a predicate?3
What is a subject?
2
What is a sentence?
1
Background info
In simple terms, a sentence is a set of words that contain a subject and a predicate.
It is what the sentence is about, the topic of the sentence
It is what is said about the subject
Which is the most important sentenceIn the paragraph? 5
What is a paragraph?
4
Background info
A paragraph is a collection of connected sentences.
Topic sentence
What is the clincher?.
7
What are the types of sentences thatfollow the topic sentence?6
Background info
Supporting ideas, Details, Clincher
The clincher is the last sentence of theparagraph.
Whenever we read a sentence and like it,
we unconsciously store it away in our model-chamber; and it goes with the myriad of its fellows,
to the building, brick by brick, of the eventual edifice which we call our style.
Mark Twain
Parts of the paragraph
The topic sentence
is the most important sentence
in aparagraph
A.K.A. focus
sentence
is usually the first
sentence
Parts of the paragraph
helps organize
the paragraph
Don’t write too many
details
Say exactly what you want to
say
Don’t be too broad
Qualities for good topic sentence
Brevity Clarity Precision
Parts of the paragraph
What makes a bad topic sentence
Don’t use facts as
topic sentences
Think about causes not only effects
Don’t write “I am
going to tell you…”
Parts of the paragraph
1. Topic sentences – good vs bad
– The following topic sentence is bad. Conferwith your partner. Why is this a bad topicsentence?
George Lucas is a filmmaker.
Parts of the paragraph
George Lucas is a filmmaker.
• It tells the reader very little about what you are going to say.
• You are not making any real point.
Work in pairs write a better topic sentence.
George Lucas is an influential filmmaker who has changed cinema in a few important ways.
Parts of the paragraph
• Lets make groups.
• Each of you has a piece of a movie poster.
• You need to find the other two pieces to form a complete image.
• When you form a complete image you can sitwith the other members of your group.
Parts of the paragraph
Parts of the paragraph
Let’s do a quick exercise:
You now have 9 strips of paper.
In your groups put the strips in the correct orderso that they make a coherent paragraph.
Imitation is a perfectly honorable way to get started as a writer—and impossible to
avoid, really: some sort of imitation marks each new stage of a writer’s development.
Stephen King
Pronouns
Agree in number
Are a specific reference to a
noun
Agree in person
The mechanics of writing
a. If the student passes this course, they will graduate.
b. When a person comes to class, you should have his homework ready.
c. Kim spends all his time reading and playing soccer, but it isn’t good for him.
The mechanics of writing
compound, singular subject
Noun Verb Agreement
compound, singular subject connected
by and, verb is plural
connected by ornor, verb is
singular
plural and singular subject joined by
or or nor, verbagrees closest
subject
The mechanics of writing
Placed together into one sentence without proper
punctuation
Run-on Sentences
Made of two or more independent clauses
or complete sentences
plural and singular subject joined by
or or nor, verbagrees closest
subject
The mechanics of writing
2. replace it
with a
semicolon
incorrect use comma to
Comma splice
It creates a run-on
sentence.
Correct it:.
1. replace it with
a period.
The mechanics of writing
connect two complete
sentences.
3. use a
conjunction
Example:
Comma splice: Our school received an award, we raised the most money for the local charity.
Corrected sentence: Our school received an award. We raised the most money for the local charity.
or
Our school received an award; we raised the most money for the local charity.
or
Our school received an award because we raised the most money for the local charity.
The mechanics of writing
2. that have commas
Use semicolons to
separate
Semi colon
1. joined without a
conjunction.
3. Connectedwith adverb of
relationship
The mechanics of writing
independent clauses
Examples:
1. Four people worked on the project; only one received credit for it.
2. The strays were malnourished, dirty, and ill; but Liz had a weakness for kittens, so she adopted them all.
3. Victoria was absent frequently; therefore, she received a low grade.
The mechanics of writing
It is time for a little game to relax and review
some of the concepts we have gone through
so far.
“There is nothing to writing. All you do is sit down at a typewriter and bleed.”
Ernest Hemingway
A piece of writing that is long enough to cover many topics and present different viewpoints.
1
When writing an essay, it is never acceptable to write in the first person (I and me.)
2
The introduction presents the topic and your opinion. Here you write the thesis statement.
3
In the conclusion you often re-state thethesis and summarize the main pointsof the essay..
4
What is an essay?
essay
Explain or discuss
Identify and solve problem
Compare and
contrast
Persuade a reader
Respond to a
reading
Purpose and types of essays
ConclusionIntroduction
Approximately 10% he total
length.
Each paragraph
should have one main
point
Sums up each paragraph of
the essay.
Parts of the essay
Body
Introduce the topic
Your Logo
Parts of the essay: Introduction
Narrow the topic
Your Logo
Parts of the essay: Introduction
State the writer’s position
Your Logo
Parts of the essay: Introduction
Introduce thesis statement
Your Logo
Parts of the essay: Introduction
Parts of the essay: Body
Divide topics
into subtopics
Each one
will be a
paragraph on its own.
Write
topicSentences to
agree thesis
statement
Use
Transitions
between
paragraphs
1
Re-state the
thesis statement
Re-state the
topic sentences
Re-state your
opinion
Conclusion
Parts of the essay: Conclusion
Your logo
Choose a
topic to
write about
The process
Your logo
Brainstornm
ideas onto
paper.
The process
Your logo
Organize
notes from
the previous
brainstorm
The process
Your logo
Write the
first draft of
the essay.
The process
Your logo
Get
feedback
from
classmates
or the
teacher
The process
Your logo
Make
changes
and write
second
draft.
The process
Your logo
Hand in the
final paper.
The process
Know extent of
learning
Demonstrate
learning
Students know
the goals
Assessing essays
Provide
Feedback
Assessing essays
Is the thesis
statement
strong
enough?
Assessing essays
Do topic
sentences
support the
thesis
statement?
Assessing essays
Are
commas,
semicolons
and verbs
used
correctly?
Assessing essays
Is the
content of
each
paragraph
consistent
with the
topic
sentence?
Writers learn to write by paying a certain sort of attention to the works of their great and less great predecessors in the medium of written language, as well as by merely reading them.
John Barth, writer
Using A.P.A. style
Work with a partner. Decide if the followingstatements are true or false.
1. Spacing between lines should be doublespaced.
2. Margenes a 2,5 cm en todos los lados.
3. Encabezado con título
APA
recommend
s using
Times New
Roman pt
12.
ELEMENT 1
Using A.P.A. style
Using A.P.A. style
Spacing
should be
set at
double
space.
Use standard
A4 white
paper
21cm x 25cm
Using A.P.A. style
Using A.P.A. style
Margins
should be set
at 2,5cm all
sides
Using A.P.A. style
Include a
header flush
left with the
title of the
essay in each
page.
A.P.A. Citations
For in-text citations –
author’s last name and
year of publication.
Lon quotes – Separate line
indented, follow short quotes
Short quotes – Author’s last
name + year publication. End of
quote page number preceeded
by p.
Reference lists
Authors' names are inverted (last name first). Use last name and first names’ initials
Reference lists
Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work.
Reference lists
Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
Reference lists
Reference lists
Multiple articles by the same author, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
Write the title of thejournal in full.
Reference lists
Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title.
Reference lists
When referring to books, chapters, articles, or Web pages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle
Reference lists
There are no spaces used with brackets in APA. Include year, month, and day in references.
Reference lists
Online articles follow same guidelines for printed articles. Include all information the online host makes available.
Reference lists
APA resources at Online Writing Lab from the Purdue University.
Reference lists
Wrap-up
To finish up take out your smart phones and let’sdo a quick game.
References
• Beattie, K., & James, R. (2000, January 1). Assessing Essays. Retrieved April 30, 2015, from http://www.cshe.unimelb.edu.au/resources_teach/assessment/docs/Assessing_essays.pdf
• Blass, L., & Gordon, D. (2008). Writers at Work: The Essay. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Dye, D. (2012). The Basics. In How to Write a Paragraph. Model Citizen Publications.
• Killgallon, D., & Killgallon, J. (2012). Paragraphs for High School: A Sentence-Composing Approach. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Greenwood Publishing Group.
• Starkey, L. (2004). Mechanics. In How to Write Great Essays. New York, New York: Learning Express, LLC.
• A guide to paragraph writing. (2013, January 1). Retrieved May 1, 2015, from http://www.uwc.ac.za/Students/WrC/Documents/A guide to paragraph writing.pdf