Writing Achievement The following describe the specific ... · The following describe the specific...
Transcript of Writing Achievement The following describe the specific ... · The following describe the specific...
Writing Strategies and BehavioursAppropriate Achievement
Students:• selectanddevelopatopicbasedonapurpose;demonstrateawarenessofaudienceandcompetencecraftingavarietyoftextforms(includinghybrids)
• writewithpurposeandunderstandtheinfluenceofthewriter• gatherideasfromavarietyofsourcesanduseaframework(e.g.,web,graphicorganizer)tosortandclassifytheinformation/ideas,recognizedifferentperspectives,andmakenewconnections;applyknowledgeofcopyright/plagiarism
• draftapieceofwritingmakingcriticalchoicesaboutideas/contentbasedonthepurposeandintendedaudience,oftenusingword-processingsoftware
• independentlyrereadtoaddto,deletefrom,orreorganizethetexttoclarifyandstrengthencontent
• request,obtain,andmakedecisionsabout,constructivecriticism
• refinewritingtoenhanceimpact• selectlinguistic(e.g.,analogy,colloquialism,figurativelanguage,flattery)andprintdevices(e.g.,printsize,font,pagedesign)designedtoinfluenceaudience
• rereadwritingaloudforfluency;makechangestosentencestructuresandwordchoicestoprovidevariety
• useappropriatetools(e.g.,dictionary,thesaurus,grammarchecker,andtextmodels)toeditconventions,andstrengthenwordchoice
• useavarietyofpublishingformats(e.g.,books,pamphlets,posters,websites)withappropriatetextandtextfeatures
• usespecificdevicestoachievepurpose(instruct,persuade,entertain)
• explainformchoiceasitpertainstopurposeandintendedaudience
• reflectonreadingprocessesandstrategiestoensuredeeperunderstandingofcontent
• pamphlets,posters,websites)withappropriatetextandtextfeatures
• usespecificdevicestoachievepurpose(instruct,persuade,entertain)
• explainformchoiceasitpertainstopurposeandintendedaudience
Writing Strategies and BehavioursStrong Achievement
Text Forms Thefollowingdescribethespecificelementsofcommontextformsexploredingradenine.RefertotheOrganizationTraittodistinguishbetweenappropriateandstrongachievement.
Writing Achievement Standards
End of Grade 9
Studentsdemonstratingstrongachievementconsistentlyapplythestrategiesandbehaviourslistedtotheleft.Theytakemorerisksandattempttechniquesobservedduringindependentreading/viewing.
Form: Persuasive Purpose:todiscussand/ordebateideasdevelopinganargumenttoconvincethereadertoagreewiththewriter’spremiseOpening Statement:providesanoverviewofthetopicandstatesthewriter’sposition(Population density is related to climate.)Arguments and Reasons:providesthreeormoreargumentsorassertionsthathavesupportingstatements(I believe…because…)drawnfromfactsorpersonalexperience;beginstoidentifyotherpointsofviewandcounter-argumentsConclusion:includesastatementtoreinforceorsummarizepositionSpecial Features
- persuasivedevices(quotesfromexperts,examples,anecdotes,flattery,authorialintrusion,irony,wit,humour)
- linkingwords/phrases(because,however,also)- presenttense- firstpersonsingularorplural(I,we)- persuasiveadjectives/adverbs(most,must,strongly)- technicaltermswhichareoftenverbschangedintonouns(apersonwhostudiesclimatebecomesclimatologist)
Form: Explanatory Report Purpose:totellhow/whysomethingcametobeortoexplainhowsomethingworksStatement or definition:identifiestopicwithastatement,questionordefinitionExplanation of how or why:analyzesaprocess(observedeventsinmeiosisandmitosis)showingtherelationshipamongthepartsincludingcauseandeffectconnectionsSummary:canstateunusualfeaturesofthephenomenonand/orreiteratesthemainpointsSpecial Features
- mayincludeatitle,illustrationsordiagrams- connectingwordstosignalcause-effect(if,because,then)and/orsequence(next,then,when)
- presenttensewithsomepassiveverbs(aresplitting/duplicating)- technical,subject-specificvocabulary(homozygous,heterozygous,dominant,recessive)
Form: MemoirPurpose:tocaptureadefiningpersonalmemoryOrientation:beginswithapurposefullead,identifiesthepersonaleventandmaygivethereasonforselectingthetopicKey Events:haskeyeventsinlogicalorder(singleday,flashback)withrelevantdetailsincludingthesubject’sfeelingsrevealedthroughdescribingactionsorusingquotesConclusion:communicatesthelargermeaningorreasonforthewritingSpecial Features
- literarylanguage(powerfulnounsandverbs,figurativelanguage)- linkingwordsandphrases(laterthatafternoon,asIwalkedout)- pasttense
Form: Literary EssayPurpose:toinformanaudienceofthewriter’sinterpretationofareadingtextIntroduction:athesisisstated(thecharacterdevelopmentinahistoricalfictiontextdoesnotmatchthetimeperiodinwhichitisset),theworkandauthorareidentified,andatleastthreesupportingsub-topicsareidenti-fied(language,motivations,andtypesofconflictseemtobefromamoremoderntime)Body:thesub-topicsarepresentedinparagraphforminalogicalorderwithlinkingstatementstyingthesub-topicstoeachotherandtotheoverlyingthesisSummary:thethesisandsupportingsub-topicsarerestatedasthefinalop-portunitytopersuadetheaudiencetoagreewiththewriter’sinterpretationofthereadingtextSpecial Features
- thirdpersonvoice- connectingstatementsinterrelatingthesub-topicstothethesis- formallanguage- shortembeddedquotationsandlongercentre-indentedquotationsasproof/evidence
Form: Instructions/ProceduresPurpose:totellhowtodosomething(useamendellianpunnetsquaretodeterminepercentagesofinheritedtraits)Goal or aim:identifiestopicbytitleoropeningstatement(s)Materials/ingredients:listsmaterialsMethod/process:includeskeystepsincorrectorderwithadequatedetailsfocusingonhow/whenConclusion or Evaluation:includesaclosingstatementoranevaluationwhichmaybeaphotographordrawingofthecompleteditemSpecial Features
- mayincludeheadings,illustrations,diagramsorlabels- numbered-stepsorwordsshowingsequence(first,next,then)- pointformorfullsentencesstartingwithsequencewordsorverbs- presenttenseoftenwrittenascommands- technicallanguage-verbs,adverbsandadjectives(e.g.,dominantandrecessivegenesarecodedasupper-orlower-caseinitials)
Form: PoetryPurpose:toentertain,communicatedeepmeaning,evokeemotionorcre-ateanewperspectiveonasubjectOrganization:avarietyofformswithspecificstructures(ballad,Haiku,Cinquain,sonnet,diamantes)aswellasfreeversewhichhasnosetstruc-tureorconventionsSpecial Features
- titlecommunicatesthemeaningofthepoem- linesoftextusuallyshortandconcise- wordsevokestrongimages,moods,and/oremotions- poeticdevices(repetition,refrain,rhyme,rhythm,sensoryimages)- literarydevicesareused(alliteration,assonance,onomatopoeia,symbolism,personification,rhetoricalquestion)
- thelinebreaksandwhitespaceonthepagemayhavemeaning
Form: Biography and AutobiographyPurpose:togiveatrueorfictionalizedaccountofaperson’slifeOrientation:identifiesthesubject,theimportanteventsinthesubject’slife,andthereasonfortheselectionsEvents:importanteventsaredescribedinalogicalorder(chronological,cat-egories);providesreasonsforomittingsignificantpartsofthesubject’slife(onlyfocusingonthechildhoodoradultyears)Conclusion:includesapersonalresponse,evaluativestatement,oracommentonthesignificanceofthesubjectSpecial Features
- subjectsfeelingsmayberevealedinquotes- supplementaltexts(e.g.,interviews,awards,newspaperclippings,foreword,afterword)
- dialogue
Form: Narrative (short story)Purpose:toentertainwithanimaginativeexperienceOrientation (time, place and characters):attemptstoestablishanemo-tionalresponsethroughthedevelopmentofcharacter,setting,plotandsetsthemoodortone(humour,personalization,sarcasm)Events:developthemaincharacter,includinginsightsintoactionsandfeel-ings,andbuildstensionthatleadstotheclimaxResolution:thecomplicationisgenerallyresolvedandthelooseendsaretiedupSpecial Features
- useofliterarydevicestocreateimagery(metaphor,personification,idiom,hyperbole)
- connectingwordsrelatedtotime(lateron,afterthat,)- actionverbsandverbsrelatedtocharacter’sthoughtsandfeelings- includedialogue(withchangeintensefrompasttopresent)
Form: Hybrid Texts (multigenre texts)Aswritersbecomefamiliarwithcertainwritingformsandastheyreadmentortextsthatmixtwoormoregenres,theybegintoproducehybridtextstocommu-nicateinformationindifferentways(proceduresandexplanation,narrativeandletters).Thedifferentformstobecombinedarechosenwithaclearpurposeandintegratedintooneharmonioustextthatcommunicatesamessage.
ImportantNote:Inallformsofwriting,whereappropriate,allresearchreferencesarecited.
Appropriate AchievementStudents
Contentoveralltopic,degreeoffocus,andrelateddetails
• defineaspecifictopicwithamainideathatsupportsthepurposeandaudience• developideasrelevanttothetopic• elaborateonthemainidea,addrelevantdetails,andmaintainfocuswithminimaldistractions
Organizationstructureandform,dependentonpurposeandaudience
• selectanappropriateformanduseanengagingintroductionthatincludesthepurpose• useanunderlyingstructuretopresentideas(e.g.,temporalsequence,causeandeffect,compareandcontrast)
• haswell-developedparagraphswithsmoothtransitions• hasadefiniteconclusion
SeeTextFormsforelementsofliteraryandinformationtexts
Word Choice vocabulary,language,andphrasing
• includeinterestingwordsand/ortechnical/subject-specificlanguagetoenhancemeaning(strongnounsandverbs,colourfuladjectivesandadverbs)
• usefigurativelanguage(e.g.,metaphor,analogy,symbolism)
Voice evidenceofauthor’sstyle,personality,andexperience
• skillfullyconnecttheaudiencetothetopic
• showcareandcommitmenttothetopic
• generatestrongfeeling,energy,andindividuality
Sentence Structure varietyandcomplexityofsentences
• includewell-craftedsentences(pronounreferences,expandingandcontractingsentenceelements)tosupportmeaningandreadabilitythroughcoherentparagraphs
• varysentencelengthforrhythmicflow
Conventions spelling,punctuation,capitalization,andusage(grammar)
• includeinternalpunctuation(e.g.,commas,semi-colons,colons,dash,hyphen,parentheses,apostrophes)andparagraphingofdialogue
• applycorrectgrammaticalstructuresthatmakethetextreadable(numbers,apostrophe,contractions,plurals,conjunctions,allpartsofspeech,etc.)
• correctlyspellalmostallwords;usespellingsupport(e.g.,dictionary,spellchecker);correctlyusehomophones
• usearangeofprintcharacteristicsandlayouttoenhancethemeaning(e.g.,headings,visuals,whitespace,italics,bold,fontsize,andstyle)
Strong AchievementStudents
Conference Prompts
• defineaspecifictopicwithamainideathatcapturesthepurposeandaudience
• remainfocusedonthemainidea,withoriginal,thoughtfuland/orcompellingideas
• providerelevantsupportivereasoningandmaintainfocusthroughout
What specific details do you think would enhance this part for your audience?What can be accomplished through this piece of writing?
• introducewithacompellingstatementthatinformspurpose• includesmoothparagraphswithfluidtransitions• varytheorganizationalstructurestoenhanceinterest(e.g.,hybrids,flashback,storywithinastory)anduseavarietyofwaystofocusthetopic(e.g.,timestructures,theme)
• includeasupportiveandeffectiveconclusion
SeeTextFormsforelementsofliteraryandinformationtexts
What did you do to help you organize your writing before you began?Here’s where I got confused _______. How can you show that this part connects to the part you wrote here?
• effectivelyincludevividdescriptivevocabulary/precisetechnicalwords(strongnounsandverbs,colourfulmodifiers)
• usefigurativelanguageeffectively
Find a place in your writing where you wrote so the reader could visualize. Show me the thesaurus words that you used to replace some of your ordinary words.What are some words we’ve been learning in (subject area) that would help you tell about this topic?
• skillfullyconnectwiththeaudiencebysharingthoughts,feelings,innerconflict,andconvictions
• demonstrateastrongcommitmenttothetopic• developideasinauniqueorunusualway,revealingthewriter’sperspective
Where did you really try to make the reader agree with you? What devices did you use?Will your reader be able to tell that you know and care a lot about ____? This part made me feel _____.
• includewell-craftedsentencesthatenhancemeaningandreadabilitythroughsustainedandcoherentparagraphs
• varysentencelengthtofurtherideasandcreatealyricalflow
What is the strongest sentence in your piece and what makes it strong?How can we make this sentence _____ (longer, shorter, etc.)?Reread this part and see if it is easy to read aloud.
• useconventionsskillfullytoenhancemeaningandvoice• makeinformeddecisionsabouttextlayoutandprintcharacteristicstoenhancemeaning(e.g.,headings,visuals,whitespace,italics,bold,fontsize,andstyle)
Are there grammar checker suggestions that you need help understanding?Did you use a mentor text to help you with text layout?
General Conference PromptsWhat did you decide to revise after you shared your draft with a peer?What is the best way to publish this writing?
Writing Achievement Standards Writing Achievement Standards