Writing a Summary Writing a Summary TerminologyTerminology

English 10English 10

What’s an author’s What’s an author’s claim?claim?

• In your notes, define claim in your own words.In your notes, define claim in your own words.

• Compare your definition with your neighbor’s.Compare your definition with your neighbor’s.

ClaimClaim

1. A statement an author makes about how 1. A statement an author makes about how things are and/or should be.things are and/or should be.

2. Can be stated or implied but is always 2. Can be stated or implied but is always related to a topic/issue.related to a topic/issue.

3. Is supported by evidence.3. Is supported by evidence.4. Claims take place in context (historical, 4. Claims take place in context (historical,

societal, or political event) and are societal, or political event) and are grounded on certain beliefs and grounded on certain beliefs and assumptionsassumptions

5. Claims have purpose – to inquire, to 5. Claims have purpose – to inquire, to convince or persuade, to negotiate, etc.convince or persuade, to negotiate, etc.

EvidenceEvidence

• Evidence comes in various forms:Evidence comes in various forms:• research, statistics, examples, personal research, statistics, examples, personal

experiences, anecdotes, and expert opinionsexperiences, anecdotes, and expert opinions

Purpose of EvidencePurpose of Evidence

• Evidence is used to support an author’s claim.Evidence is used to support an author’s claim.

• Authors commonly use evidence to support, Authors commonly use evidence to support, illustrate, test, refine, or extend a claim. A illustrate, test, refine, or extend a claim. A claim must be supported in order to persuade claim must be supported in order to persuade the reader that the author’s claim is valid.the reader that the author’s claim is valid.

• An author must choose the kind of evidence An author must choose the kind of evidence which will best support the claim by asking:which will best support the claim by asking:• Which evidence will be most convincing?Which evidence will be most convincing?• To whom will this evidence appeal?To whom will this evidence appeal?• Who would accept/believe it?Who would accept/believe it?

Evidence QuizEvidence Quiz

1. If you were trying to persuade people to 1. If you were trying to persuade people to gather in support of Cancer survivors, what gather in support of Cancer survivors, what type of evidence would be more effective?type of evidence would be more effective?

a) Personal experiencea) Personal experience

b) Expert opinionb) Expert opinion

c) Statisticsc) Statistics

d) Researchd) Research

Evidence Quiz Evidence Quiz ContinuedContinued

2. If you were trying to convince the President 2. If you were trying to convince the President of the United States to deliver a speech on of the United States to deliver a speech on your campus on the high academic your campus on the high academic achievement of the student body, what achievement of the student body, what evidence would best support your claim?evidence would best support your claim?

a) a personal experience of your successful 10a) a personal experience of your successful 10thth grade yeargrade year

b) an anecdote of a friend who transferred into AP b) an anecdote of a friend who transferred into AP classesclasses

c) data of school-wide improved test scoresc) data of school-wide improved test scores

d) expert commentary from your teachersd) expert commentary from your teachers

PurposePurpose

• The author’s Purpose is what the author is The author’s Purpose is what the author is trying to persuade the reader to believe trying to persuade the reader to believe and/or do.and/or do.

Purpose ContinuedPurpose Continued

Possible purposes:Possible purposes:

a) to persuadea) to persuade

b) to informb) to inform

c) to entertainc) to entertain

d) to described) to describe

me an my moms r goin 2 da store 2 night so i cant come ovr. i am gonna get those new nikes tho!

What’s the purpose?

r u watchin amer idol? there is this dude on there an he is crzy! lol!

What’s the purpose?

u have to go 2 homecoming or u will b sad when evry1 is talking bout it da next day. dont b silly.

What’s the purpose?

me & raymond are drivin down brdway and just saw this man get pulled ovr. he looked like he was yellin at the police officer. ray wuz lookin so hard he almst hit da car n front of us!

What’s the purpose?

did u hear michelle and david broke up? idk y but she is so mad.

What’s the purpose?

i promise i didnt tell no1 wat u told me. y wood i do that? besides i didnt c jenny last wk an she is da 1 tellin evry1.

What’s the purpose?

ToneTone

• The author’s Tone is the attitude the The author’s Tone is the attitude the author has toward the topic/issue.author has toward the topic/issue.• Tone tends to be positive or negativeTone tends to be positive or negative• Word choice (diction) will always help you Word choice (diction) will always help you

determine author’s tonedetermine author’s tone• Tone is not explained or expressed directlyTone is not explained or expressed directly

Example:Example: An author upset about the BP oil spill An author upset about the BP oil spill will write in an aggressive tone.will write in an aggressive tone.

Tone ExampleTone Example

• Try saying, “Come here, Pedro,” using the Try saying, “Come here, Pedro,” using the following tones:following tones:• Commanding/bossyCommanding/bossy• SecretiveSecretive• LovingLoving• AngryAngry• ExcitedExcited• PlayfulPlayful

AudienceAudience

• The intended audience is who the The intended audience is who the author hopes to reach with his/her author hopes to reach with his/her writing.writing.• The author’s purpose and author’s tone are The author’s purpose and author’s tone are

designed for a specific audience.designed for a specific audience.

Writing TaskWriting Task

• Take out another blank sheet of paper and fold it in half.• Think of the most fun you’ve ever had with one of your friends.

• Write about a time when you have had the most fun you’ve ever had with one of your friends. Write as if you were describing this to another peer (someone your own age). Be sure to think about your intended TONE, PURPOSE, and your AUDIENCE, and how you’ll reflect that in your writing. (Your response must be at least a ½ page.)

• NEXT, on the bottom half, write about that same experience, but this time write as if you were describing this to your PARENT, GUARDIAN, or ANOTHER ADULT. Be sure to think about the different ways that you can change what you’ve already written to REFLECT A DIFFERENT TONE, PURPOSE, AND AUDIENCE. (Your response must be at least a ½ page.)

GenreGenre

• Genre is a particular type of art, writing, music etc., Genre is a particular type of art, writing, music etc., which has certain features that which has certain features that all examples of this all examples of this type share.type share.

Writing

• Expository• Narrative• Persuasive

Movies

• Comedy• Horror• Mystery

Music

• Rock• Rap• Country