Workshop on Sharing of Experience in Development of Hydro Power Projects30th - 31st October 2006, India

W.R. Asanka Perera

Deputy General Manager

Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex

Ceylon Electricity Board

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka

Located in the Indian Ocean to the south of Indian sub-continent

Latitude 5-10 N Longitude 79-82 E

65, 525 km2

Tropical climate :

Economic and electricity related indicators for Sri Lanka

2004 2005

Mid year population (millions) 19.5 19.7

GDP per capita (USD/person) 1,030 1,197

GDP real growth rate (%) 5.4 6.0

Access to electricity (%) 73.4 74.9

Installed Capacity (MW) 2100 2300

Maximum Demand (MW) 1563 1746

Electrical Energy Generation (GWh) 8043 8770

System Energy Losses (%) 17.1 17.2

Per Capita Elec. Consumption (kWh/person)

348 369

Importance of hydro to Sri LankaOnly Source of indigenous

energy in appropriate size Lowest cost generation

Road map for presentation

Hydro potential and development up to now Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan

power system Future development directions Problems experienced Government policy on hydro development

Hydro potential and development up to now

Potential and development

Potential Available 2000 MW Developed 1207 MW

Historical Development 1918 - First project proposal by local engineer D.J.

Wimalsurendra 1926 - Construction of Laxapana started 1950 - Laxapana stage I (3 x 8.33 MW) commissioned

First hydro power plant in Sri Lanka

Laxapana project started in 1940’s

Completed in 1950

Sri Lankan river basin system and hydro power stations Four major river basins

Kelani Mahaweli Kalu Walawe

1 4

2 0C O L O M B O

B A L A N G O D A

M A T A R A

2 1

1 6

1 7

H A M B A N T O T A

W E L L A W A Y A

B A D U L L A

1 3

1 2 1 9

M A N N A R

U K U W E L A

K O T U G O D A

B O L A W A T T A

K U R U N E G A L A

1 0

A N U R A D H A P U R A

V A V N I Y A

V I C T O R I A

P O L O N N A R U W A

B O W A T E N N A

T R I N C O M A L E E

H A B A R A N A

J A F F N A

2 1 G I N G A N G A X 4 9 2 0 M O R A G 0 L L A X 2 7 1 9 U M A O Y A X 1 5 0 1 8 B R O A D L A N D S x 4 0

C O M M I T T E D P L A N T S

C A N D I D A T E S P L A N T S

E X I S T I N G P L A N T S L E G E N D

N o . H Y D R O P O W E R P L A N T C A P A C I T Y ( M W )

1 7 U P P E R K O T M A L E 1 5 01 6 K U K U L E 7 01 5 N I L A M B E 0 31 4 I N G I N I Y A G A L A 1 11 3 U D A W A L A W E 0 61 2 S A M A N A L A W E W A 1 2 0

1 1 B O W A T E N N A 4 01 0 U K U W E L A 3 89 R A N T A M B E 4 98 R A N D E N I G A L A 1 2 2

6 K O T M A L E 2 0 17 V I C T O R I A 2 1 0

5 P O L P I T I Y A 7 54 O L D L A X A P A N A 5 03 N E W L A X A P A N A 1 0 02 W I M A L A S U R E N D R A 5 01 C A N Y O N 6 0

31

5 2

6 K O T M A L E

1 57

89

1 91 8

1 1

4

X

Historical development

Kelani river basin Exploited mainly 1950 to 1970

Laxapana complex 335 MW

Mahaweli river basin Development 1979 to 1990

Mahaweli complex 660 MW

Other hydro potential Walawe, Kalu river basins 1990 to 2003 Some other small rivers

Other hydro complex 211 MW

Mini/Micro hydro systems

Kelani river basin power stations (335 MW)

Mahaweli river basin power stations (660 MW)

Mahaweli river basin power stations Kotmale (3 X 67 MW)

Mahaweli river basin power stations Victoria (3 X 70 MW)

Mahaweli river basin power stations Randenigala (2 X 61 MW)

Mahaweli river basin power stations Ukuwela (2 X 20 MW)

Time sequence of the development of

hydro power Capacity /

(MW)Year

commissioned

Old Laxapana Stage I (3 x 8.33) 25 1950

Inginiyagala (2 x 2.475, 2 x 3.15) 11.25 1954

Old Laxapana Stage II (2 x 12.5) 25 1958

Wimalasurendra (2 x 25) 50 1965

Udawalawe (3 x 2) 6 1969

Smanala (2 x 37.5) 75 1969

New Laxapana (2 x 50) 100 1974

Ukuwela (2 x 20 ) 40 1976

Bowatenna (1 x 40) 40 1981

Canyon unit 1 (1 x 30) 30 1983

Time sequence of the development of hydro power .. Capacity /

(MW)Year

commissioned

Victoira (3 x 70) 210 1984

Kotmale unit 1 (1 x 67) 67 1985

Randenigala (2 x 61) 122 1986

Kotmale Unit 2&3 (2 x 67) 134 1988

Nillambe (2 x 1.6) 3.2 1988

Canyon Unit 2 (1 X 30) 30 1989

Rantambe (2 x2 4.5) 49 1990

Samanalawewa (2 x 60) 120 1992

Kukula Ganga (2 x 35) 70 2003

Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system

Hydro component of system energy demand : Present , future

Annual energy demand (1969-2005)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Year

An

nu

al e

ner

gy

/ (G

Wh

)

Thermal

Hydro

Energy demand forecast (2005-2020)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Year

En

erg

y d

eman

d /

(G

Wh

)

From other sources

Hydro

energy demand (8769 GWh ) << capacity (4400 GWh) average wet year approx 1/2 energy demand very wet year (5661) cannot meet the energy demand ii

The changing role for Hydro Generation Past

Supply total peak demand energy demand

Present Peak demand supplier

Future Economic regulator Frequency controller

Hydro and thermal installed capacity 1969 - 2005 Installed Capacity

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004Year

MW

Hydro Thermal

Sri Lankan power system

Total Capacity 2411 MW Hydro 1207 MW Thermal 548 MW Wind 3 MW IPP Thermal 567 MW IPP small Hydro 86 MW

Future development directions

Future Developments

Hydro potential available 2000 MW

More than 50 % already developed

Remaining potential Gin Ganga 49 MW Broadlands 35 MW Uma Oya 150 MW Moragolla 27 MW

Another option

Expansion of existing hydro power plants

Especially for peaking duty Some candidates

Victoria (stage II) 3 x 70 MW Smanalawewa stage II 2 x 60 MW New laxapana 72.5 MW Polpitiya 23.2 MW

Mini/Micro hydro development

Master plan study (1988) 80 MW (200 sites) 8 MW from irrigation tanks

Intermediate Technology Development group study (1999) Estimated another exploitable small hydro potential of

100 MW 250 sites

Mini/Micro hydro development … First mini hydro plant in 1996 90 MW (48 sites) connected by April 2006 280 GWh supplied by mini hydro plants in 2005

(= to 3% of total electricity generated)

Mini/Micro hydro development …

0

20

40

60

80

100

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

MW

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

No

.

Capacity

No. of Plants

Problems experienced

Problems experienced

Upper Kotmale project Delayed more than 10 years 20% energy reduction to exclude the tapping of some

water falls

Upper Kotmale and Kukula project Energy reduction due to not using the potential for

reservoir type

Government policy on hydro development

Government policy on hydro development Development of hydro power generation to its full

potential

All large scale hydro power generation under Government control

Mini hydro plants under private sector development

Energy generated is purchased through power purchase agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board

Thank you …

http://www.ceb.lk