WPP Grid Integration and Technology TrendsWTG level controls and plant level controls are developed to meet country specific grid code requirements. A Wind Power Plant meeting grid code not only support the grid in all operating conditions but secure a strong business case for developers. From 2010 onwards trends have been moving towards bigger rotor size for higher AEP production and modern WTGs like Type 3 and Type 4 along with plant level control to ensure a WPP remain grid code complaint 24x7 at the PCC.

Manoj GuptaSpecialist – WPP Grid Interconnection and analysisVestas Singapore

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Evolution of Grid Code – Technical requirements

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3

Evolution of the Wind Turbine Generator

Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4 WTG generic model types are as per IEC 61400-27

WTG Technology for Full Grid Code Compliance

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Comparison of Wind Turbine Generator Type

WTG Capability Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4Shunt capacitors required Yes Yes No No

Reactive Power Capability None None Yes. Leading and lagging Yes. Leading and lagging

Reactive support when not generating

No No Yes Yes

Directly coupled with grid Yes. Fully Yes. Fully Semi-coupled by stator No

Speed Range Fixed speed Semi-variable speed (above rated speed)

Variable speed (above and below rated speed)

Full range (0-rated speed)

P Control No. Stall control Yes. Pitch-control Yes. Pitch-control (slow) and converter control (fast)

Yes. Pitch-control (slow) and converter control (fast)

Q Control No No Yes. Converter control Yes. Converter control

F Control No No Yes Yes

LVRT No No Yes. Crowbar or DC power resistor (chopper) with fast current control

Yes. DC power resistor (chopper) with fast current control

HVRT No No Yes Yes

Legend for Technical Performance

Technical Performance

Poor Excellent

Wind Turbine Technology trends in India-Current Manufacturer WTG Model Technology overviewSuzlon S97-2.1 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial

converter)Gamesa G97-2.0 MW , G114-2.0 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial

converter)Vestas V100-2.0 MW, V110-2.0 MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial

converter)Wind World (India) WW53-800 kW Type 4 (Direct drive, EESG

with full converter)GE GE 1.6-82.5, GE 1.7-103 Type 3 (DFIG with Partial

converter)Inox Wind INOX DF 100-2MW Type 3 (DFIG with Partial

converter)Regen Powertech VENSYS 82/87/89-1500 kW Type 4 (Direct drive, PMSG

with full converter)

1.5 MW to 2.2 MW fit better for India wind resources conditions

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Where Grid Code should be applicable?

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MV cablesPCC

MV SWGPark XFOHV SWG

data

SCADA

Substation

STATCOM

PPC

If grid code is met at the WTG level can’t assure it will be met at the PCC, due to collector network in between.

Grid codes generally apply to the Wind Power Plant at PCC

Typically collector network up to PCC is responsible for 20% reactive power losses. Who should supply this loss?

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Reliable real-time power

control

Fast and deterministic

Independent from SCADA

Modular design

Highly configurable

Independent user tasks

Data streaming Communicates to third

party equipment with various

industry protocols

Power Plant ControllerPower Plant Controller is must to meet Grid Code at PCC

• Within steady state voltage range, plant level control is responsible for grid code requirement.• During FRT/LVRT/HVRT WTG level controls are responsible for grid code requirement.• During fault recovery, both WTG level and Plant level control should work in co-ordination.

Plant Level Control Features

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Core control algorithms for the power plant:• Voltage Control

ￚ Slope Controller ￚ PI controller

• Reactive Power Control • Reactive Power Feed Forward• Power Factor Control • Frequency Control• Active Power Control• FRT support function• Fast Runback• Feeder Power Limiter

• Line Droop Compensation Control

Supporting algorithms:• Power Limits • Bumpless Transition• MSU Control• Reactive Power Dispatcher• Active Power Dispacher• Data logging• Remote control

Grid Interconnection in project life cycle

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Delivers Plant-level performance, Controls and Grid Compliance

SiteHunt®

SiteDesign®

Grid Connection Studies

Risk Reduction and Solution Optimization Revenue Optimization

Value drivers

Site Selection & Land Access Development Permits Engineering Construction Operation

+20 years 1-2 years½ -1½ years 1-1½ years1-2 years1-3 years Offerings

System Impact Study Detail Power System EngineeringVestasOnline® Power Plant Controller

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SIS Assess the grid

connection feasibility of the WPP and recommend potential reinforcement of power system or optimize MW of the WPP

EPD Assess and optimize

the overall WPP electrical configuration and performance to enable our customers to meet grid connection requirements

PSE Detailed

engineering, design of WPP and specification of the BoP to enable the WPP is built to the best engineering practice and meet customer’s expectation

PPC real time plant control

features for grid compliance and –integration, optimisation of yield and integration with third party equipment ieSTATCOMs, SVCs, Capacitors etc

Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions

Vestas solution & service – Grid Interconnection StudiesGrid Interconnection studies provide site-specific electrical plantanalysis for the grid code compliance, ensure optimal electricaldesign for better business case of wind power plants.

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Yaw power backup system

Fault ride-through

Reactive power control

HVRT

Arc flash study

Transient stability

PPC parameter settings

Weak grid connection

BoP speification/TPS

SSR/SSCI

Plant energisation

Insulation co-ordination

Achieve Advanced Wind Power Plant Performance

Loss

Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions

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Grid Interconnection – PQ Chart (Type 3 - With compensation)PQ chart with individual MSU switching

Romania 70 MW WPP

This plant required 2x4 MVAR reactor and 2x7 MVAR capacitor bank

Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions

Vestas solution & service – Grid Interconnection Studies

12 Grid Interconnection study and Grid code compliance solutions

Aims for site specific solutions to meet the grid code

Grid Code Compliance – Technical requirements

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• Continuous operating voltage range

• Power factor / reactive power

• LVRT / FRT

• HVRT

• Voltage control

• Active power control

• Frequency response

• Power quality

• Protection

• WTG / WPP models

• Compliance test

Questions?Thank you!

Vestas WTG Control and Solutions14