Wow- A fantastic cognito Journey
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Transcript of Wow- A fantastic cognito Journey
SENSATION & PERCEPTION
Sensation refers to the process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell.
SENSATION
Perception is the way we interpret these sensations and therefore make sense of everything around us.
PERCEPTION
It may be due to defect in our sense organs or defective functioning of the brain. Many times the prejudices in the individual, time of perception, unfavorable background, lack of clarity of stimulus, confusion, conflict in mind and such other factors are responsible for errors in perception.
ERRORS in PERCEPTION
TYPES OF ERRORS in PERCEPTION
ILLUSION
HALLUCINATION
ILLUSION
Illusion is a wrong perception where a person is mistaking a stimulus.eg. A person is being afraid of the rope mistaking that it is a snake.
HALLUCINATION
Here a person perceives some stimulus even when there is nothing.
Different Types Illusion
Physical Illusion
Auditory Illusion
Optical Illusion
Different Types Hallucinations
Visual Hallucination
Auditory Hallucination
Smell Hallucination
Taste hallucination
Concept Formation
Concept Formation Occurs as an
after effect of sensation and
perception
What is a Concept A concept is a mental image on a category of a thing, place or event which keep common elements and characteristics
What is a Concept A concept is a mental image on a category of a thing, place or event which keep common elements and characteristics
What is Concept Formation?
Concept Formation is the process of creating mental images on different categories of things, events or places by storing the common elements and characteristics.
Concept formation
occurs through two
processes
Abstraction Generalization
Abstraction
It is a process of concept formation in which irrelevant elements are eliminated for reducing complexity
Generalization
It is a process of concept formation in which more common elements or characteristics are
Memory
What is Memory? Memory is the cognitive or mental capacity to store perceived or learnt items to be used in the future when it is needed
What is Memorizing?
Memorizing is the process of storing the perceived or learnt items in the cognitive area which has the capacity to store.
Difference between Memory and remembering
Memory is the capacity to store newly perceived
items while remembering is the process of
recollecting the stored items when needed
Difference between Memorizing and
remembering
Memorizing is the process of storing newly
perceived items while remembering is the process
of recollecting the stored items when needed
Different Types of Memory
Sensory, Short & Long Term
Episodic & Semantic
Photographic & Visual
Rote & Meaningful
Active & Passive
What is Forgetting?
Forgetting is the inability to
recall an early perceived or
learnt item, experience,
promise, appointment etc.
when it is needed.
Causes behind forgetting
Faulty Memory Process
Interference Retrieval Problems Lack of readiness to
recall Physical Damages Genetic Factors Lack of Recollecting
Theories of forgetting
The Trace Decay
Theory
Theory of Inhibition
or Interference
The Repression
Theory
Theories of forgetting
1. The Trace Decay Theory
According to this theory, forgetting occurs because of the fading of the memory traces or engrams as a result of lack of using the stored item for a long period.
Theories of forgetting 2. Theory of Inhibition or
Interference
According to this theory, forgetting occurs because of the interference or inhibition of the memory traces of other stored or learnt items
Retroactive inhibition: Inhibition of new in the previous items.
Proactive inhibition: Inhibition of previous in the new items.
Theories of forgetting
3. The Repression Theory
It is a defensive mechanism that painful items are thrown into unconscious mind and the person does not wish to remember them.
Techniques for Effective memorization
Recitation & Repetition
Association
Using Acronyms
Chunking
SQ4R Technique
Using Mnemonics
Loci Mnemonic
Peg-Word Mnemonic
Narrative Chain Mnemonic
Initial Letter Mnemonic
Key Word Mnemonic
Image Mnemonic
Different Mnemonics
A Couple of Advanced Concepts in Psychology
Metacognition It is higher level of thinking
which facilitates complete
control over the cognitive
process with planning,
implementing, monitoring,
reviewing etc.
Precognition It is also called future sight or
second sight which is the
ability to see the future
events. It is a non-inferential
prediction of the future.