Wounds
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Wounds
Courtney Bourke
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WoundsWounds are determined by the type of
damage that has been caused to the skin
and tissue beneath the skin.
Wounds can be either Open or Closed.
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Open Wounds
An open wound is a break in the outer layer
of skin.
They can be Minor for example a scrape or
small paper cut or Major for example an
amputated arm or something penetrating
deeply in the body.
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Minor Wounds Minor wounds include:
-Abrasions
-Cuts
-Lacerations
-Punctures
-Tears (Avulsion)
Signs and Symptoms of minor bleeding are:
-See a break in the skin or blood
-Different types of bleeding:
Arterial bleeding: bright red blood spurting out with each heart beat
Venous bleeding: blood oozing out of wound and darker in colour
Capillary Damage: skin layers scraped off and blood sits on the surface
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AbrasionsThis is caused by the skin being
scraped or dragged across a hard
uneven surface causing the outer
layer of skin and tiny blood vessels
to be exposed.
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Cuts (Incision)
• A cut is caused by something sharp, piercing the skin injuring skin, soft tissue or muscle.
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LacerationsLacerations are skin being torn,
resulting in skin and tissue
damage.
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Punctures• Punctures are caused
by a blunt or pointed object/instrument piercing through skin and causing skin and tissue damage and often internal organ damage.
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Tears (Avulsion)
• Tears/Avulsions are caused by something sharp or rough tearing skin and other tissues off the body.
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ManagementBasic Treatment for Bleeding (Minor wounds)
- Perform a Primary & Secondary assessment
- Then apply ‘R.E.D’
R- Rest
Rest the casualty in a comfortable position to lower their heart rate
E- Elevate
Elevate the injured site above the level of the heart. This will reduce blood loss from the area.
D- Direct Pressure
Apply direct pressure over the wound using a sterile dressing. Then apply a firm bandage ontop.
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Major Wounds
Major wounds include:
-Embedded objects
-AmputationSigns and Symptoms of Major bleeding are:-Faintness or dizziness-Restlessness-Nausea-Thirst-Weak, but rapid pulse-Cold & clammy skin-Gasping breathing-Pale-Sweating
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Embedded ObjectsForeign objects such as
a knife or a stickembedded in the body
should never beremoved because the
object is restricting bleeding and is
removed may result insevere bleeding or
internal damage.
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ManagementFor an embedded object you should:
Firstly complete a Primary & SecondaryAssessment.Apply padding around the object shaped likea ‘doughnut’
DO NOT remove the embedded object
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Amputated Parts
An amputation is when a limb for example a
toe, finger, arm or leg is partly or completely
detached from the body.
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ManagementThere are two parts to managing this injury:- The Casualty- The Amputated part
CASUALTY
Firstly DRABC
Apply direct pressure to the wound
Raise the limb above heart level
Apply a sterile dressing and bandage
AMPUTATED PART
DO NOT wash or soak the part in water or liquid
Wrap the part in gauze or cloth and place in something water-tight e.g. plastic bag, container.
Place in a sealed container floating in cold water and ice.
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Closed Wounds
Closed wounds are where the bleeding is
internal and there is no break in the outer
layer of skin.
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Internal BleedingSevere bleeding can occur from a blunt
force or an object penetrating the skin
and internal structures resulting in
bleeding occurring inside the body. Signs and Symptoms for internal bleeding are:
•Pain
•Tenderness
•Rigidity of abdominal muscles
•Coughing up blood
•Passing urine or faeces red in colour
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ManagementFirstly DRABCMake a Primary & Secondary assessmentCall 000Reassure the casualty, make them comfortable bylying them down and elevating their legsMonitor airway, breathing and circulation
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BibliographySt John’s Ambulance (1998) Australian First Aid Chapter 4 and 5 pgs 63- 121
Australian Health and Safety (2007) First Aid for Life