World’s Largest Higher Wind Cooperative Targets for Wind ... · PDF fileTargets for Wind...

FORNEWS

Newsletter for INFORSE International Network for Sustainable Energy. No. 31, November 2000

World’s LargestWind Cooperative

HigherTargetsfor WindPowerin Europe

Sustainable Energy News No. 31, November 20002

Editorial

Photo on the front page:Placing the foundations in theshallow water of Middelgrunden,in Denmark for the worlds’biggest windfarm.Montage with the windpark’s logo.Photo: Mads Izmodenov Eskesen.See article on pages 12-13.

FOR

Sustainable Energy News

ISSN 0908 - 4134 Published by:

INFORSEINFORSE Secretariat:Blegdamsvej 4 B, 2200Copenhagen N, Denmark.Ph: +45-35-247700Fax: +45-35-247717E-mail: [email protected]://www.inforse.org/

International Network forSustainable Energy (INFORSE)is a worldwide NGO networkformed at the Global Forum in Riode Janeiro, Brazil, June 1992.

Editorial Address:Sustainable Energy NewsGl. Kirkevej 56, DK-8530Hjortshøj, Denmark.Ph: +45-86-227000Fax: +45-86-227096E-mail: [email protected]://www.inforse.org/

Editors:Gunnar Boye OlesenJudit SzoleczkyMichael KvetnyLars Yde (technical editor)Niki Fowler (text advice)Mads Izmodenov-Eskesen (Layout)

Advisory Board:Sécou Sarr, ENDA, SenegalM.C. Mapako, BUN, ZimbabweRaymond Myles, INSEDA, IndiaEmil Bedi, FAE, SlovakiaEmilio La Rovere, LIMA, BrazilRoque Pedace, Rejima, ArgentinaD. Sukkumoed, SENT, Thailand

Deadline for next issue: 15.01.2001Next issue: February 2001

The newsletter is quarterly.Feel free to use the information,but please state the source.

Annual subscription rate:DKK 150 (approx. US$ 25).Plus bank cost at check : DKK 50(approx. US$ 10).The newsletter is free of charge toNGOs as long as possible.

Printed by:Fjerritslev Tryk,Denmark

Sustainable Energy Newsis sponsored by:Forum for Energy & Development(FED), Denmark.

There is an urgent need for changes in the waywe use energy and for changes in the way weproduce and transport energy. This was a state-ment from the International NGO Conference“Energy in Transition: Asian Perspective toSustainable Energy Development”, Thailand,October 25-27, 2000 (see page 8).

Most decisionmakers know that energy sav-ings, energy efficiency, and renewable energyare the solutions to the energy problem.

Today, we have vast experience in sustain-able energy, both in the industrialised worldand in developing countries. Regional confer-ences like the one in Thailand provide an im-portant and highly appreciated opportunity forNGOs to share experiences and to strengthenthe cooperation within INFORSE. We are allconcerned about energy development. Overtime, in almost every country, social develop-ment has been firmly linked to energy con-sumption. Access to energy is an imperativefor human development, and global energyconsumption indeed has increased over thetime. It could be a positive development show-ing the increase in global welfare, but the worldenergy system today is not sustainable from asocio-economic and environmental point ofview. The benefits from this development areunequally distributed, while all in the worldshare the environmental costs.

Today, around 20 % of the world’s populationis responsible for more than 60 % of globalenergy consumption. People in Western Eu-rope and in the United States use 7 time theenergy per capita of people in Asia. The in-creasing consumption of energy has caused

serious damage to the world’s climate and toother aspects of nature. With increasing evidenceof climate change and still more than 2 billionpeople living without access to modern energy,present energy supplies and usage pose seriousproblems. It is time for changes.

There are many kinds of transition going on inthe energy sector. The transition from verticallyintegrated monopolies in the oil and gas indus-try and in the power sector to more decentralisedstructures creates opportunities for competitionand thus for improved efficiency. Commercialisa-tion of state-owned companies could furtherimprove efficiency and decentralisation. Con-sumers should benefit from these improvementsin efficiency through price reductions and bet-ter supply. However, combined with privatisa-tion, there is a major risk that private investorswill go for the quick profits and not for the long-term sustainable development of the energy sec-tor. Neither will they necessarily improve thesituation for those without supply of modern en-ergy. Public regulation of the sector is a must toensure the other important transition, namely thetransition from a non-sustainable system towardsa sustainable system. It is a huge challenge forcivil society to demand and to participate in theformulation of public regulation.

The NGOs in Asia decided to look critically attheir national energy policies to ensure that civilsociety will be involved directly in the prepara-tion of national energy policies as well as in theirimplementation. This calls for capacity-building,which will be an important area of INFORSEactivities in the coming years as one pillar in thebridge to a sustainable energy future.

Time for aChange

Drawingfrom thecartoon

competition‘Humankind

& Energy’for EXPO

2000.See articlepage no. 5.

Michael KvetnyINFORSE, Editor

Dra

win

g b

y A

lfre

do

Ma

rtire

na

He

rna

nd

ez,

Cu

ba

No. 31, November 2000 Sustainable Energy News3

INFORSE / world

CSD9, One Step Forward or Backward?By Gunnar BoyeOlesen, INFORSE-Europe, OVEDenmark

Worrying UN Definition onSustainable EnergyIn the preparation for the UN Commis-sion for Sustainable Development’s ses-sion on energy (CSD9), nuclear and coalare still in the documents. To include thesetwo technologies can be destructive forany attempt to use the CSD9 as a basisfor worldwide activities in support of sus-tainable energy solutions.

If they are not removed from theagenda, we have to question the value ofdiscussing energy at the level of the CSD.

The two unsustainable technologieswere included in the report from the offi-cial group of experts preparing for theCSD9 at their meeting in March this year,and in the report from the UN SecretaryGeneral to this meeting.

The petition against including nuclearin the CSD9, mentioned in the previousissue of Sustainable Energy News, wassupported by a large number of NGOs andwas sent to the CSD Secretariat in the UNas well as to the member countries of theCSD. The NGO-protests led to the re-moval of nuclear power as a topic for theexhibition on sustainable energy tech-nologies that is proposed as a side-eventto the CSD9. So far, the protests have notled to removal of the unsustainable tech-nologies from the CSD9’s agenda. A fewcountries are strongly advocating the tech-nologies, e.g., Canada has a firm positionin favour of nuclear power. The final pre-paration of the CSD9 will be the meetingof the group of experts in February - March2001, while the CSD9 itself will be onApril 16-27, 2001. These are the remain-ing opportunities to influence the CSD9.

EU for Global ActionFrom the EU, the paper proposed for con-sideration by CSD9 is entitled “SharedGoals for Global Action”. It calls for gov-ernments to introduce a large number ofprogressive actions, including phase-outof harmful subsidies, factoring environ-

mental costs into energyprices, strengthening therole of civil society in en-ergy decision-making, pro-moting energy efficiencyand renewable energy, andasking multilateral develop-ment banks to promote sus-tainable energy in all sec-tors. It does not mention nu-clear power, while it has ashort paragraph on fossil fuels call-ing for continued development of cleanerand more efficient technologies.

The paper calls for increased North-South and South-South co-operation forsustainable energy, but it does not includespecific proposals for the UN system. Ingeneral, the many good proposals are verybriefly described.

European UN InputThe Sustainable Energy Committee of theUN Economic Commission for Europemade a statement for the CSD9 at its met-ing, November 2. The European ECO-Fo-rum took part in the development of thismulti-stakeholder statement, and so didthe coal lobby. The resulting paper callsfor increased investments in energy effi-ciency and renewable energy, and also forcleaner use of fossil fuels. It recognisesthat no consensus can be made on nuclear.

Focus on Energy SubsidiesIEA-UNEPThe International Energy Agency (IEA)and the UN Environmental Program(UNEP) are focusing their preparation forthe CSD9 on subsidies. They are doingthis with a series of regional consultationsentitled “Energy Subsidy Reform and

Dra

win

g b

y C

lae

s M

ovi

n

Sustainable Devel-opment: Challenges for Policy Makers”.The first workshop is on November 6-7in Paris, while later workshops will be inAfrica, Asia, and Latin America. Theworkshops will all have NGO represen-tation.

NGOs’ VisionsINFORSE and other networks in the CSDEnergy Caucus are also working on pro-posals for the CSD9. As part of this, manyhave sent statements and success storiesto the UN Secretary General, who is col-lecting such inputs to report at the CSD9.INFORSE has proposed this vision: “todevelop energy systems where energyservices necessary for a just and humancentered development are provided in asustainable way using renewable energy”.

To do this, we propose ”to phase outnuclear energy and fossil fuels, replac-ing them with renewable energy and en-ergy efficiency”. We should also supplyadequate energy resources to the 2 billionpeople that lack basic energy needs to-day for, e.g., light and healthy cookingfacilities. We propose that this shouldhappen within 50 years.

While the first INFORSE statementwas submitted to the UN in October, wecontinue to develop our vision into a de-scription of how the transformation to asustainable energy system could look ona world scale. We want to describe howwe could reduce greenhouse gas emis-sions fast enough to avoid climate catas-trophes, and at the same time avoid nu-clear catastrophes. We invite interestedNGOs to join this work in the remainingpart of 2000.

Follow the CSD9 on the internet:www.un.org/esa/sustdev/ (official site),www.igc.org/csdngo (NGO Caucuses).


INFORSE / world

Sinking Climate TargetsThe Controversy About Sinks and Energy Options is Heating Up.

By Marcelo Alvarez, Roque PedaceREJIMA, INFORSE Regional coordina-tor, Argentina

The use of biological sinks under theKyoto Protocol has raised concerns of itsimpact compared to those of other miti-gation options. Opponents consider im-possible, at this stage, to develop rules andguidelines that address uncertainty, imper-manence, and impacts upon biodiversityof sink projects studied so far. (See Boxes)

The most important argument in favourof renewables is the one about timeliness:reducing emissions is more efficient inorder to reverse the consumption trendand prompt the deep changes needed inthe carbon economy than is increasingCO

2 capture (delaying this process).

Hence, renewable energy should be thepreferred choice for early action. Thislong-run approach is now widely accepted.

Even a recent report of World EnergyCouncil (WEC), recommends somepolicy options for a sustainable Clean De-velopment Mechanism (CDM), e.g. toensure energy affordability for the poor.It also links greenhouse gas abatementstrategies with the natural turnover ofcapital stock, particularly in developingcountries, where most new investment inenergy is likely to occur before 2020.

The impending release of the Third As-sessment Review of the IPCC will prob-ably add pressure to move towards thereplacement technologies for fossil fuels.

Nevertheless, there are many propo-nents of financing nuclear and fossil fu-els (gas, clean coal) via flexible mecha-nisms. Unless these mechanisms, espe-cially CDM, are clearly committed to re-newable-energy technologies at the ex-pense of conventional ones, the potentialmarket for renewables will contract andso will their beneficial effects.

The issue at stake is: which types of en-ergy technologies are eligible for inclu-sion in the Clean Development Mecha-nisms?

A CDM exclusive positive list has beenproposed by many NGOs. This is a basicbasket of all the different forms of renew-able energy and well defined energy ef-ficiency measures. Such a CDM positivelist should be restricted to the cleanestoptions at least for the first period of com-pliance, i.e., before 2008. This would al-low renewable energy technologies tooffset some of the disadvantages that aredue to current failures to include environ-mental costs in the price of energy deliv-ered.

Life cycle impacts, based not only onpower plant operation but on fuel produc-tion and transport, waste disposal, andother operations, should be the basis forproject assessments. Even more impor-tant, there is more to sustainable energythan CO

2 or even environmental consid-

erations.Social goals such as equity and job

creation have at least equal merit andshould be included in desirable criteria forCDM projects.

The near-future scenarios (2010) showthat if we consider the externalities of theclassic energy sources and the projectedrenewables prices we can conclude thatrenewables technologies will be reallycost effective.

Argentine Groups Oppose Tree-Planting ProjectThe proposal of a German organization, Prima Klima, and others to plant 125,000 hectaresof trees in the Chubut province in Argentina has generated local opposition. One of thespecies to be planted is the Lenga tree, a local tree that has a high value in the internationalmarket. The project is intended to work under the CDM. Local Chubut environmentalgroups have opposed the project. They fear that it would increase demand for lenga wood,resulting in more logging of the native tree. Also, Greenpeace Argentina is fiercely oppos-ing the project, as the group does not want carbon-sink projects within the CDM.Information from ENDs Daily, Alejandra Herranz

The Crucial Climate COP6The 6th Conference of Parties (COP6) tothe UN Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC) will convene in theHague, Netherlands, November 13-24,2000. Several crucial issues for the fate ofthe Kyoto Protocol are on the agenda:

• The modalities of the flexible mecha-nisms of the Kyoto Protocol. It is themechanisms by which industrialized coun-tries can lessen their emission-reduction tar-gets by paying for reductions in other coun-tries (includes CDM, emissions trading, andJoint Implementation - JI).

• The use of biological carbon seques-tration (sinks) as an alternative to reducegreenhouse gas emissions.

All of the proposals to use the flexiblemechanisms and sinks for uncertain emis-sion reductions (including trading of thoseemission-quotas, which does not lead to anyreductions in the selling countries), add upto considerably more than the sum of theagreed emissions reductions in the KyotoProtocol. If all of these loopholes are al-lowed to be included in the national emis-sion reduction targets for 2010 in the KyotoProtocol, this protocol could be without anyeffect.

• Issue of compliance: what to do withcountries that do not comply with theKyoto Protocol?Behind the scenes is the question of whetherand under what conditions the USA willratify the Kyoto Protocol. If the USA doesnot ratify it, the Protocol probably will notenter into force at all. In addition, however,if the USA demands inclusion of too manyloopholes, it will be without effect. The Pro-tocol will no longer provide any leverageto improve the behavior of major polluters.The success of COP6 requires a balancehere, if possible.

Follow the NGO positions on the ClimateNetwork Europe website: www.climnet.org.Follow the climate negotiations via the eco-newsletter: www.igc.org/climate/Eco.html.Tell your opinion: www.climatevoice.org.


INFORSE / world

Wind-power model (left), and PV-driven deep-well pump (right) from Namibia

Bicycle rickshaw from Bangladesh

Village model.Micro hydroproviding powerfor light andfor workshops.Theme Hall:Basic Needs.

Improved cook stoves from Chad

One of the cartoons...The drawings made us think and laugh

Dra

win

g b

y To

so B

ork

ovi

c, Y

ug

osl

avi

a

Pro & Contra at the EXPOWe were curious how the motto “Humankind, Nature, Technology“was mirrored in the World’s Exhibition (EXPO 2000) in Hannoverconcerning energy. We were impressed but also disappointed.

By Judit Szoleczky and Gunnar Olesen,editors

Small VisionFirst of all, we looked at the EnergyTheme Hall. In the pre exhibition area,an impressive 42-m long and 6-m highscreen showed a film about the currentenergy situation on the Earth. We learnedthat there are massive problems associ-ated with using fossil- and nuclear fuels.Using more solar and wind energy is una-voidable if we want to meet the energydemand of the growing world populationin the 21st century. Walking upward on along spiral ramp, we arrived to the exhi-bition area where we, unfortunately, ex-perienced the domination of the tradi-tional energy sources, heavily sponsoredby the German industry. While we couldgo down on a simulated lift in a coal mineor in a natural gas drill, the solar and windwere only represented with a series of

displays mainly from pictures sponsoredby the Freiburg municipal energy com-pany. Only a few of the many good exist-ing examples were shown. At the end, themessage was that “coal, oil, gas will stillneed to satisfy the main worldwide en-ergy demands within the foreseeable fu-ture”, as it also said in the catalogue.

We had expected more visionary ap-proach than this!

We also had expected to see more ofthe sustainable energy projects proposedfor EXPO. (See issue no. 19 and no. 24)

Small SurprisesWe found some renewable energy appli-cations at the national exhibitions. Moreover, a drawing exhibition attracted ourattention. It featured the best 170 draw-ings from the 3000 participants of a car-toon competition on “Humankind and En-ergy” organized by the Goethe Institute.

More information:EXPO: www.expo2000.de,Cartoons: www.energyhit.de, andsee Publication List on page no. 14.


INFORSE / world

New Enlarged Report on 53 IslandsRenewable Energy on Small Islands - Second EditionThe new report is a little lexicon covering 53 islands’ experiences and plans for renew-able energy. Together with the first edition, which was published in 1998, it gives anoverview of 71 islands.

By Thomas LyngeJensenIsland ProjectCoordinator,FED, Denmark

A Little LexiconThis second global overview of renew-able energy on small islands presents 53islands with experiences in renewableenergy (RE) and/or plans for future re-newable energy developments. The 53 is-lands are described in 34 chapters, withdetails on the island or island group, withinformation on population, area, and therenewable energy sources, and with dataon their electricity capacity, production,potential related energy policy, plans, con-tact information, and references.

It includes a lot of new cases as wellas updates of cases that were in the firstedition (1998). However, it is still usefulto look into the first edition, because itincludes details about 18 islands that areonly represented by brief summaries inthis new version.

Major FindingsIslands’ Important RoleToday, nearly all islands in the world aretotally dependent on expensive and envi-ronmentally harmful fossil fuels for theirenergy needs. But islands have a uniquepotential for renewable energy - a com-petitive economic situation for renewableenergy technologies, good renewable en-ergy resources, and a positive attitude to-wards renewable energy.

Islands further are in a position to beleaders in RE, adopting highly visible re-search-and-demonstration projects in RE-related technology, organisational meth-ods, and financing.

Globally, there is a need to demonstraterenewable energy in a large-scale (i.e.,covering a very large fraction of demand,ed.), integrated, and organised form. Thisis not possible on mainlands and conti-

nents in the short and medium terms, forpolitical, economic, technical, and organi-sational reasons. Therefore, islands arevery important when it comes to the pro-motion of renewable energy worldwide.

Today, a very few islands alreadyhave some of the characteristics of aRenewable Energy Island and therebyuse renewables extensively. La Desirade(France), Fiji, Samsoe (Denmark),Pellworm (Germany) and Reunion(France) are currently producing morethan 50% of their electricity from renew-able energy sources.

Some islands aim at becoming Renew-able Energy Islands in the short or me-dium term. Samsoe (Denmark), Pellworm(Germany), Aeroe (Denmark), Gotland(Sweden), El Hierro (Spain), Dominica,and St. Lucia have adopted the explicitgoal of becoming 100% self-sufficientfrom renewable energy sources.

All of the mature renewable-energytechnologies have been used for electric-ity production on islands. Whether smallor great in area, population, and powersystems, in all climates and regions, de-veloping and developed alike, many is-lands have acquired experience in harness-ing some form of renewable energy. Con-sequently, there is good potential for futureco-operation, exchange, and networkingamong islands, some are already far alongthe path of converting their energy sys-tems into sustainable energy systems andothers have just started.

Report’s ObjectiveThe objectives of this over-view are:• to document the feasibilityof renewable energy on is-lands regarding environment,technology, organisation,economics, etc.; and• to prepare for global co-op-eration and networkingamong islands that have de-cided to become RenewableEnergy Islands, i.e., islandsthat are 100% self-sufficientfrom renewable energysources.

FinancingThe second edition is being financed bythe European Commission (SYNERGY-and ALTERNER program), the DanishEnergy Agency, and the Forum for En-ergy and Development (FED).

Please contact:Thomas Lynge Jensen, Island ProjectCoordinator Forum for Energy andDevelopment (FED)Blegdamsvej 4 B, 1st Floor 2200Copenhagen N Denmark.Ph: +45 35247713,fax: +45 35247717,e-mail: [email protected],

The report can be downloaded in PDFformat (1.6 MB) at the homepage of theForum for Energy and Development:http://www.energiudvikling.dk/projects_pro.php3?id=19The price for the report in print is US$30 postage included.

PV Solar Home System on the island of Atata in Tonga.


Africa

New Network Overcomes Lackof Expertise in East Africa

By Timothy Byakola, Climate andDevelopment Initiatives (CDI)INFORSE member, Uganda

A new networking initiative to promoteEnvironment Impact Assessment (EIA)in the East-African region has beenformed.

• The Environment Impact Assessmentfor East Africa (EIANEA) waslaunched in September 2000 during aregional training course on EIA at MSTraining Centre for Development Co-operation in Arusha, Tanzania.

• The course attracted 19 participantsfrom Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. Itwas organised by the Danish NGO“Forum for Energy and Development“(FED), and funded by the Danish gov-ernment through the DANIDA Fellow-ship Programme.

• This course was organised in recogni-tion of the many environmental im-pacts that can result from developmentactivities in which NGOs and govern-mental authorities are involved.

• The course was very successful in try-ing to ease the present shortage of lo-cal expertise, providing practical toolsand methods for assessing environ-mental impacts in the region.

• EIANEA is to increase networking andinformation sharing among EIA prac-titioners in the region.

• The network will contribute to in-creased awareness of the use of EIAin development planning, as well asprovide a platform for capacity-build-ing and research about EIA.

• The regional coordination office forEIANEA is hosted by the INFORSEmember “Climate and DevelopmentInitiatives“ (CDI) in Uganda, with na-tional coordination offices at EconewsAfrica in Kenya and at MS in Tanza-nia.

• The network will complement andwork with similar network initiativessuch as the International Associationof Impact Assessment (IAIA) and Ca-pacity Development and Linkages forEIA in Africa (CLEIAA).

Contact:Regional Coordinator, EnvironmentImpact Assessment Network for EastAfrica (EIANEA)Climate and Development Initiatives,P.O.Box. 8849 Kampala, Uganda.Ph: 256-41-259521,fax: 256-41-234248,e-mail: [email protected].

Watching overCharcoal Kilns inUgandaEnvironmental ImpactAssessment in PracticeBy John Tumuhimbise, Department ofEnergy, Uganda

A method known as EnvironmentalImpact Assessment was used to detectthe impacts of using portable metalcharcoal kilns in Uganda. The over-all aim is to reduce environmentaldamages by improving charcoal pro-duction. The assessment involvedINFORSE members and the Ministryof Uganda.

Portable Metal Kilns areMore Efficient, but …In Uganda, environmentally harmfulburning of charcoal in traditional earthkilns is expected to increase. Therefore,the Department of Energy in the Minis-try of Lands, Water, and Environmentin Uganda is embarking on a project inLuwero District to improve charcoalproduction by encouraging conversionto efficient portable metal kilns.

The project is massively supported inthe area because of the many benefitsexpected from it. But, there are concernsthat some related activities may have sig-nificant environmental effects. To ad-dress these concerns, an EnvironmentImpact Assessment (EIA) was done.

Assessing ImpactsThe EIA of the portable metal kilns wascompleted as a practical field exerciseduring a regional training course on EIAin East Africa. It was organised by theDanish NGO “Forum for Energy andDevelopment“ (FED), which also hoststhe INFORSE Network, and by theUgandan INFORSE-member organisa-tion, the Joint Energy and EnvironmentProject (JEEP), in collaboration with theDanish NGO MS in Uganda, Kenya, andTanzania.

Major findings of the assessment studyinclude:Positive impacts• The better recovery of charcoal will

translate into increased levels of in-come for the charcoal producers andfor the surrounding communities;

cont. p 8

Training course participants, who launched the new network. Authors of the articles: Timothy Byakola(sitting 1st row 2nd from right), and John Tumuhimbise, (3rd row 2nd from right).


Africa / Asia

• The process of charcoal productionwill become less strenuous and lesstime-consuming;

• Amelioration of the physical environ-ment will be achieved by easing pres-sure on the available resources in thedistrict;

• A better-quality product will be pro-duced for the market.

Negative Impacts• Change in ecology of the area• Health and safety of the charcoal pro-

ducers and that of domestic animals• Soil sterilisation• Influx of more charcoal venders in to

the area.

ProposalsThe study also identified a number ofmitigation measures to counter some ofthe negative environmental impacts of theproject. Some of these required enrich-ment tree planting to restore forest cover,and discouragement of clearcutting to re-duce damage to young trees. The land willalso be kept fallow for a period of not lessthan 5 years to allow for regeneration.

More Information:John Tumuhimbise, Senior EnergyOfficer, Department of Energy,P.O.Box. 7270 Kampala, Uganda.Ph: 256-41250142, fax: 256-41230220,e-mail: [email protected] .

Charcoal Burning

Charcoal is a major fuel in Uganda’surban and suburban households. Theproduction of this source of energy re-lies largely on clearcutting of maturelive trees, especially high-density spe-cies. At present, wood is converted intocharcoal by exclusive use of the tradi-tional earth kiln. The efficiency of thetraditional earth kiln is estimated to beas low as 10-15%. Charcoal consump-tion is estimated to be increasing at arate of 6% per annum.

The production of this fuel contrib-utes significantly to denudation of for-est cover and to general degradation ofthe physical environment.

Unfavorable Conditions in AsiaNGOs Must Work Harder and Closer

By Decharut Sukkumnoed, SustainableEnergy Network for Thailand (SENT),INFORSE regional coordinator, Asia-Pacific region

INFORSE, OVE (Danish Organizationfor Renewable Energy) and the Thai-Dan-ish Co-operation on Sustainable Energyjoined hands in organizing the Interna-tional Conference “Energy in Transition:Asian Perspective to Sustainable EnergyDevelopment, “ which was held on Octo-ber 25 – 27, 2000 in Thailand.

In this conference, many NGOs from15 countries, mainly in the Asian region,discussed the energy situation and waysto promote sustainable energy develop-ment during the period of transition to re-newable systems.

In this region, the transition can befound in all countries. The supply-drivenenergy policy has always resulted in sharpincreases in energy demand and in con-tinuous installation of new power plants.The environmental impacts from energyprojects have become obvious and una-voidable, leading to social conflicts inmany countries. The liberalization of theenergy sector in some countries, whichhas been strongly promoted after theAsian economic crisis, has turned out tobe the process of “privatize benefits, pub-licize risks”. The Conference participantsgenerally agreed that current conditionsin the region do not favor renewable-en-ergy development, and that the transitionto RE can only succeed with the very ac-tive support of civil society.

Three Action PlansThree sets of action plans were dis-cussed during the conference.

First, at the policy level, it is essentialto start some comparative energy-policystudies of various countries in this regionas well as case studies outside the region.Concurrently, the roles of NGOs in en-ergy policy formulation in each countryhave to be analyzed. Both types of stud-ies will help us understand current situa-tions in the region and to find better op-tions as well as to inform and to educatethe public.

Second, capacity-building in appropri-ate technological development as well asin empowering people and communitiesas stakeholders in the energy sector re-quires international collaboration betweenand among GOs and NGOs in differentcountries, especially in the south-southconnection.

Last, better conflict-resolution processesmust be developed to protect the rights ofpeople and communities in this region.

The collaboration of independentNGOs in the regions became the focus ofthe final session in the conference. Theprogram of activities for collaboration inthe Asia-Pacific region was discussed.Stronger connection between INFORSE‘sAsia-Pacific and South Asian regions hasbeen proposed by both sides. It was sug-gested that INFORSE conduct new jointactivities, including conferences withother networks in the region, such asSPENA (Sustainable and Peaceful EnergyNetwork Asia); development of suchprojects is in progress.

More information: SENT, 92/2 SoiPitchayanan, 22 Tiwanon road, Muang,Nonthaburi Province 11000 Thailand.Ph: +66 29688113, fax: +66 29688113,e-mail: [email protected]://www.ata.or.th/sent

Old and newin Thailand.

Photo: Finn Tobiesen,OVE Denmark

cont. from p 7


Higher Targets for EuropeanWindpowerWindforce10 is the campaign to raise windpower to 10% of the world electricitysupply by 2020. INFORSE-Europe has evaluated the prospects for realising theWestern European part of this global goal, which would require a total of 220,000MW of windpower in the EU countries and Norway.

By Gunnar BoyeOlesen, INFORSE-Europe

Increased Goal for 2010Only a few countries and organisationshave goals for windpower developmentto 2020. For 2010, however, most coun-tries have official goals, and many nationalorganisations have their own goals, oftenmore ambitious than the official ones.

Summing up these goals and assum-ing some development in the remainingcountries, a target of 63,000 MWwindpower capacity for the EU was iden-tified for 2010. This is considerably morethan the current EU goal of 40,000 MWthat is included in the EU White Paperfor Renewable Energy.

In addition, the European Wind EnergyAssociation (EWEA) decided in Septem-ber to raise its target for EU for 2010 from40,000 MW to 60,000 MW.

Windpower IncreasinglyCompetitiveEconomic evaluation shows that devel-opment of 220,000 MW of wind powercompares favorably to large, efficient,combined-cycle gas turbines. It has a posi-tive net present value, i.e., it is cost-ef-fective, even without considering the re-duction that it effects in environmentalcosts.

The calculation shows a positive valueof 89 billion EUR, equivalent to EUR 400per kW of the 220,000 MW to be installedby 2020. The break-even point, whenwindpower and gas power cost the same,is around 2010.

The calculation is quite sensitive to gasprice development, which is taken fromthe IEA 1998 forecast. Another importantassumption is that the learning curve forwindpower development will continuewith a learning rate of 12%, i.e., everytime the installed capacity doubles, invest-ments and operating and maintenancecosts, will be reduced by 12% (exclusiveinflation). The evaluation is based on asocial discount rate and on an interest rate,both of which are set to 6% p.a.

The economic evaluation carries consider-able uncertainty. Even so, it is concludedthat the proposed investment is likely to gen-erate a positive contribution to the economy.If reductions in environmental costs are in-cluded, this positive contribution will prob-ably be large.

High Employment Less CO 2The proposed development will generatesubstantial employment: 180,000 peoplewould work in the wind industry in West-ern Europe by 2020. The total net employ-ment is estimated to be 250,000+ jobs.

The windturbines will reduce CO2 emis-

sions by 80 mill tons/year in the Kyotobudget period of 2008-2012 and by 320mill t/year by 2020, if they replace a mixof 60% gas power and 40% coal power.This is equal to respectively 2.5% and10% of present CO

2 emissions of the EU

and of Norway.

Policies NeededTo reach the goal of 220,000 MW wind-power, it is important to establish poli-cies to support the necessary develop-ment, locally, nationally, and in the EU.The experience of recent decades hasshown that such development has takenplace only in countries with a politicalcommitment to windpower and other re-newable energies. Without supportingpolicies, the goals will not be reached, asis pointed out in the enclosed comment(see box p.10). Until around 2010, thereis need for general support schemes.

After 2010, when windpower has be-come more competitive, there is a needto support windpower development inlow-wind areas. In addition, there isa need to set a level playing field,not allowing subsidised and substandard

Comparison between the national windpower goals proposed by INFORSE-Europe for 2010 andthe goals from the draft EU directive for all renewable energy without large hydro, also for 2010.

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Pro

duct

ion

TW

h/ye

ar)

Den

mar

k

Bel

gium

Aus

tria

Fin

land

Fra

nce

Ger

man

y

Gre

ece

Irel

and

Italy

Luxe

mb.

Net

herl.

Por

tuga

l

Spa

in

Sw

eden U

K

RE incl. targets for 2010 without large hydro Possible windpower 2010

Ph

oto

by

Bo

nu

s E

ne

rg

y

cont. p 10

Europe


Europe

European NewsCompiled by Gunnar B. Olesen, OVE,INFORSE-Europe Coordinator

INFORSE-Europe AnnualMeetingDecember 5-14, 2000The annual meeting of INFORSE-Europewill be an e-mail meeting during the pe-riod of December 5-14, 2000. The maintopic will be the priorities for theINFORSE-Europe action plan 2001. Weexpect to get support for some core ac-tivities in 2001. All core members arebeing informed about the meeting via e-mail or letter. Associate members thatwish to participate should contactINFORSE-Europe by sending email to:[email protected].

Internet EducationGraduates

Education about sustainable energy is oneof INFORSE‘s priorities. It was for thisreason that two regional coordinators,Foundation for Alternative Energy inSlovakia (co-ordinator for Europe) andINSEDA in India (co-ordinator for SouthEast Asia), prepared the course of studytitled, “Distant Internet Education on Re-newable Energy Technologies“(DIERET). The project was launched inApril, 2000, with 29 students. All studentsreceived study material, including exami-nation test, by e-mail. In August, sevenof the students finished the course suc-cessfully. They all received the INFORSEcertificate.The first graduates of the course are:Ion Zamfir (Romania)Abdoussalam Ba (Niger)Boaventura C. Cuamba (Mozambique)Vincente O. Roaring (Philippines)Engr. Md. Obaidullah (Bangladesh)MD. Abdur Rashid Sarkar (Bangladesh)

Join the Course! Starts Again!

The study material is now available onthe FAE Website (www.fae.sk). The newcourse session starts in November.For information about future courses,please contact INFORSE-Europe, FAEe-mail: [email protected].

Only Dreamers Can Ignore This - Success is PoliticalComment by Preben Maegaard, Folkecenter for RenewableEnergy, Denmark

I have a critical comment to make about the high windpower targetfor the EU. I think that the impact of raising the target from 40,000MW to 60,000 MW should be evaluated more carefully.

The proposed new target is a projection specifically based on the very positiveresults of wind power installations in Denmark, Germany, and Spain. - However,due to EU harmonisation, Denmark has new, untested conditions for renewableenergy (RE), with green certificates, so that no one can estimate the future Danishdevelopment. The Germans are fighting a hard struggle with the EU commission tomaintain their extremely successful RE law with fixed minimum prices for elec-tricity from RE. A trial (at the EU Court) will demonstrate whether the “climatevandals” can maintain their immunity in the name of competition. Because theDanish wind industry, with its 60% of the world market, now will depend exclu-sively on the export markets, it should send its prayers to Mr. Mario Monti (EUcommissioner for competition), to hold his protecting hands over the RE laws ofSpain and Germany. Without these two markets, the industry would soon vanishlike it did in the 1980’s in the USA. Irrespective of all proclamations and plans ofactions, neither windpower nor the other renewables can compete with the old en-ergy sector with its abundance of political privileges and subsidies. Only dreamerscan still ignore this!

The apparent success of wind power is due, not to EU policies, but to nationalprogrammes, and that in two countries only: Germany and Spain.

I strongly recommend that all European organisations work for tariff modelsthat have already succeeded in practice, e.g. in Germany. It is not time to experi-ment with uncertain systems when experience has already shown what leads to thedesired growth of renewables.

The technology is available. What are needed are organisational solutions andproper tariff models. I have written a paper on the German Renewable Energy Law;that document is available online at www.folkecenter.dk.

fossil-fuel and nuclear power to out-compete windpower and other renew-able energies.

In support of windpower develop-ment in Western Europe, INFORSE pro-poses:• to ensure local support for and involve-

ment in the development of wind-power;

• to ensure stable prices for wind elec-tricity and for grid access;

• to include sites for windpower in land-use planning;

• to set national and regional targets, e.g.,for 2005, 2010, and 2020;

• to stop the EU's preferential treatmentof atomic and coal energy overwindpower and other renewable en-ergy sources;

• to remove environmentally harmfulsubsidies;

• to include environmental costs in en-ergy costs;

• to support research, development, anddissemination for renewable energy.

The INFORSE wind campaign also in-cludes proposals for Ukraine (presentedin Sustainable Energy News 28), Russia,and Conosur in Latin America.

The report "Wind Power for WesternEurope, - an INFORSE Proposal for2000-2020" is available at:http://www.orgve.dk/inforse-europe.A printed copy can be ordered at a priceof 100 DKK. For interested INFORSEmembers and environmental NGOs,spreadsheets with the calculations behindthe evaluation are available fromINFORSE-Europe e-mail: [email protected].

cont. from p 9

Ph

oto

by

Bo

nu

s E

ne

rgy


Europe

ECO-Forum Sets EuropeanEnergy PrioritiesAt the European ECO-Forum StrategyMeeting, September 14-16, 2000, theagenda was set for the coming years withan ECO-Forum Declaration, “Agenda forKiev 2002, The View of the EuropeanECO-Forum”.At two energy workshops during themeeting, priorities were set for the energyactivities of ECO-Forum:

• The problems of nuclear power willreceive high priority. Aims of the workwill include stopping new construction,step-wise phasing-out of existing plants,avoid imports to CEE of nuclear waste,and establishing a nuclear phase-out ac-count.

• The problems of the open electricitymarkets generated another new priority.We propose to ban import/export of elec-tricity from dangerous nuclear powerplants and “dirty” fossil-fuel plants (ingeneral plants that do not meet WesternEuropean emission standards).

• Climate-change mitigation is also apriority. A general demand is that allcountries should reduce emissions withnational measures, as far as possible. Jointimplementation (JI) should follow strictcriteria and should be limited to energyefficiency and renewable energy. Nuclearpower and waste incineration should beexcluded from participation in JI projects.

• Energy efficiency continues to be asa priority. For the Pan-European Environ-mental Ministers’ meeting in Kiev in 2002or 2003, we will propose a number of newinternational cooperative activities, basedon ideas from the European Energy Effi-ciency Strategy and from the MinisterialDeclaration of the ministerial meeting inÅrhus in 1998. To generate these propos-als, we will participate in the Energy Char-ter’s Working Group on Energy Efficiency.In addition, we will propose ECO-activi-ties for sustainable energy, e.g., a newslet-ter in Russian on sustainable energy.

• Further, the group will participate inthe Sustainable Energy Committee of theEconomic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE), with the view of improving theCommission’s environmental profile and,in particular, to push for a progressivestatement for CSD9 (see page 3).

• Finally, the group will participate inthe coming Intergovernmental Task Forceon Reforming Energy Prices to PromoteSustainable Development, under the aus-pices of the UN-ECE Sustainable EnergyCommittee.

The group is open to NGOs and tocommunication via an e-mail list.To join the list, email: [email protected] more about ECO-Forum and seethe declaration at www.eco-forum.org.

Ambitious Plans to StopClimate ChangeA number of NGOs and progressive in-dustries have proposed actions to reduceCO

2 emissions in the EU in a statement

to the EU-Commissions Climate ChangeProgram (ECCP): “ECCP - Ensuring itsEffectiveness”. If all the proposals in thestatement are carried out, CO

2 emissions

in EU will be reduced by roughly 30%.The statement is supported by ClimateNetwork Europe, WWF, Greenpeace,Friends of the Earth, INFORSE-Europe,Transport & Environment, and 9 indus-try associations, including Cogen-Europe,EuroACE, and the European RenewableEnergy Federation. The statement will beavailable on the Climate Network Europewebsite: www.climnet.org. If your NGOwants to follow the EU Climate ChangeProgram, please contact INFORSE-Eu-rope, e-mail: [email protected].

2.5 million Signatures, RussiaNo to Nuclear Waste Import

The proposal of the Russian governmentto import nuclear waste and to use theincome from this to construct new nuclearpower plants is being questioned by en-vironmental groups in Russia. From Au-gust to October, the groups collected morethan 2.5 million signatures of Russianvoters, while 2 million is necessary todemand a referendum. They call for a ref-erendum on this proposal and on proposal

to re-establish the Russian State Commit-tee for Environment that was closed bythe current government. The many sig-natures are now under consideration bythe Russian Election Committee and itremains to be seen whether the referen-dum will be allowed.

Nordic-Baltic Co-operationA new Nordic-Baltic collaboration isstarting among NGOs working for sus-tainable energy. This effort is intended toparallel the increased official Nordic-Bal-tic co-operation, including the proposalto make the region a testing ground foremissions trading and for Joint Implemen-tation (JI). The collaboration will alsoaddress the environmental problems of theinternal electricity market in the Nordiccountries and of the proposed internalelectricity market around the Baltic Sea.

NGOs from the countries around theBaltic Sea met in Göteborg, October 22-24, to discuss the key issues to be ad-dressed by the group. In addition to theNGO meeting, they attended a dialoguesession with representatives of the offi-cial collaboration and with representativesof the ABB company. ABB was chosenbecause it has reduced its polluting ac-tivities by selling its coal- and nuclear-power divisions. The company wants tocompensate for this by expanding its pro-duction of efficient power cables and ofwindturbine technology.

The NGOs will set up an e-mail list forfuture collaboration. Interested NGOsfrom countries around the Baltic Seaare invited to participate. Contact theSwedish Acid Rain Secretariat, e-mail:[email protected], or INFORSE-Europe, e-mail [email protected].

Polluting power plants like this Estonian oil-shaleplant were on the agenda of the

Nordic-Baltic NGO meeting.

Energy-retrofitof houses.An EU Frame-work Directivewith insula-tion standardsfor houses isone of theproposalsincluded in thestatement.


All Shares Sold in the World’sBiggest Wind Co-operativeBy Jens H. Larsen, Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO), Denmark

The Danish wind cooperative has nearly 9,000 members, who bought all of the 40,500shares, representing half of the 40-MW offshore wind farm near Copenhagen.The construction is under way and is expected to be finished by the end of 2000.

20 wind-turbinesThe 40-MW “Middelgrunden” wind farmis under construction with a rated powercapacity of 40 MW. It will consist of 20wind turbines with a rotor diameter of 76m and a generator size of 2 MW each. Itwill be ready for production in Decem-ber 2000. The wind farm will be situatedjust 2 km outside the Copenhagen harbourin shallow water (4-5 meter depth). Thetotal cost of the wind park is 1,2 millionEURO per MW, including grid connec-tion. The cost of electricity is 5.3 EURO-cent per kWh, including operation andmaintenance.

Co-operative OwnershipThe wind farm is being developed and isowned fifty/fifty by the Co-operative andthe local utility, the Copenhagen Energy.Of the 20 wind turbines, 10 are owned bythe Co-operative, which has nearly 9000members. The Co-operative’s part con-sists of 40,500 shares (10 x 2 MW tur-bines). One share yields 1,000 kWh/yearand costs 4250 DKK. (See box on p. 13)By October 2000, 100 % of the privateshares were sold. Middelgrunden WindPark will become both the worlds’ larg-est co-operative and the largest wind farmbased on dual ownership.

Who Could Buy Shares?In the beginning, only people from themunicipal area could buy shares. In 1999,new regulation came into effect and allDanish people could buy shares. Thenewest development in year 2000 was thatall people also outside Denmark could buyit within certain conditions.

Citizens’ InitiativeIn 1996, the Copenhagen Environmentand Energy Office (CEEO) took the ini-tiative to propose and organize the project.After mapping the wind potentials in thearea of Copenhagen, the CEEO organizeda working group consisting primarily ofcitizens from the area who were interestedin wind energy. Different personal andeducational backgrounds were repre-sented, with a common belief that theproject was going to be a success. CEEOwas a part of the working group in thebeginning and now serves as a consultantfor the wind energy co-operative.

Cooperative and Utility -Everybody GainedIn the beginning of the process, there wascompetition between the Co-operativeand the Copenhagen utility regarding theownership of the project. After 2 years ofnegotiation and overcoming political dif-ferences, we have made a contract be-tween the partners, i.e., the co-operativeand the utility. The utility is CopenhagenEnergy (CE), which is owned by the Mu-nicipality of Copenhagen. The contract ad-dresses central issues, such as how to worktogether, planning approval, wind turbines,contractor work, financial agreement, anda 25-year agreement on cooperation.

Both parties have gained from the ar-rangement. CE possesses the big organi-zation for questions about technique, con-tractor work, etc. The wind co-operativehas the knowledge from the private windsector, with enthusiasm and commitmentas well as better contacts with the publicand the press. The locally based commit-ment, along with co-operation betweenthe co-operative, the local utilities, and themunicipality of Copenhagen, constituteda significant precondition for the devel-opment of the project. This co-operationhas provided credibility to the project inrelation to politicians and the public.

Jens H. Larsen MSc. Engineer. Leader of the Co-penhagen Environment and Energy Office(CEEO), a local association that providesfree, impartial information and guidance onenergy conservation, as well as on the utili-zation of renewable energy sources. CEEO has more than 1500 enquiries aboutthese subjects every year. It is a non-governmen-tal member organization and is a part of a network with 22 offices inDenmark. These offices are closely cooperating with OVE - The

Danish Organization for Renewable Energy, a core member of INFORSE. CEEO has worked to promote ecologically sustainable development in Denmark for morethan 20 years. Since 1987, it has initiated energy and environment activities and urbanecology projects in Greater Copenhagen. CEEO receives financial assistance from the Dan-ish Energy Agency based on the national programs on renewable energy.

Placing the foundations in the shallow water of Middelgrunden. Photo by Mads Izmodenov Eskesen


Public PhaseThe project has gone through a “public-ity phase” in which the public and all rel-evant authorities have been involved. Asa response to objections, the project wasreduced from 27 to 20 turbines. It has beenvery important to engage in a dialoguewith shareholders and with interest groupswho have a positive attitude towards windpower in general, but who are reluctantregarding projects in their own backyard.There has been positive progress, and anumber of former opponents have changedtheir attitude. Right from the start, 4 yearsago, there was a huge need for investiga-

tions, particularly of the visual and envi-ronmental impact, due to the site’s prox-imity to Copenhagen. The computerizedvisualization of the project has been a veryimportant part of the process. The dia-logue with all kinds of interest groupsgenerated a widespread understandingand acceptance for the chosen locationand layout of the park.

EnvironmentalInvestigationsFortunately, the CEEO and the Co-opera-tive were granted 5.2 million DKK(699,000 EUR) from the Ministry of En-vironment and Energy. The purpose of thegrant was to investigate technical and en-vironmental matters concerning shallowwater wind power development, as wellas to prove the feasibility, organization-ally and economically, of co-operativelyowned off-shore wind farms.

Present status is that the investigationsconcerning environmental and technicalmatters have been fulfilled. So far, themost important technical part has been todevelop and choose the right foundation.Through optimizations, it has been pos-sible to gain substantial savings. With re-spect to the environmental impact, the fol-lowing subjects have been investigated byindependent consultants: the visual im-pact, risk of leaking debris and heavymetal contamination (from an old dumpsite), the influence on the free flow of wa-ter in Øresund, the risk of collisions withvessels, the impact on flora and fauna,conflicts with other interests, etc. Severalreports and brochures about the visual im-pact have been published in Danish.

Jacobsen family bought 1 shareYearly production is 1000 kWh:Price of the share: 4250 DKK(172 Million DKK/40500 shares)Selling price of electricity: 330 DKKRE payment(* ): 270 DKK—————————————————Income/yr 600 DKKMaintenance cost -70 DKKNet income/yr 530 DKKRate 530/4250 = 12,5%Simple pay back: 8 yearsLifetime: 20 years

1 USD = 8.5 DKK (Danish krone)

(* ) Renewable-electricity producers receive a spe-cial payment that used to be a partial reimburse-ment of the electricity taxes. Now, the paymentcomes from the electricity consumers. For thisproject, the payment is fixed for the first 6 years.

The income is tax free up to buying 5 shares perperson. If you own more, then 40% of the in-come is still tax-free. Some Danish banks areoffering loans to finance the buying of shares.

DelaysThe planning process has been delayedbecause of the discussions of the liberali-zation of the electricity market. Other fac-tors have also created problems; no sin-gle authority has planning authorization,no planning procedures existed, no rulesor regulation on private offshore wind-turbines are in force (on land, Denmarkhas laws and regulations in this field).

Danish Wind CooperativesToday, more than 100,000 families aremembers of wind energy co-operatives inDenmark, and they have installed 80% ofall Danish wind turbines. The co-opera-tives are a very important and dominantfactor in the development of the Danishwind energy sector. This project convincesus again that there are many positive as-pects of the co-operative ownership.

More info: Copenhagen Environmentaland Energy Office (KMEK),Blegdamsvej 4 B, 2200 Copenhagen N,Denmark. Ph: +45-35373636,fax:+45-35373676, e-mail: [email protected]://www.middelgrunden.dk/.

From the computerized visualization

The 20 wind mills are placed in a curveoutside of the Copenhagen port.

Preparing the 38-m long wings. Photo by Jens H. Larsen


PublicationsFuel for ChangeWorld Bank EnergyPolicy, Rhetoric vsReality

Edited byIan Tellam

Burning Issues;The World Bank’scontroversial energy policy;No shift to sustainable energy only rheto-ric; The Bank vs. civil society; Whichway forward?; Case studies of 15 coun-tries written by local NGO organizations.Countries: Cameroon, Kenya, Zimbabwe,China, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Bul-garia, Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine, Bra-zil, Colombia, Mexico, and Uruguay.

Info: Pb ISBN 1 85649 558 2, £14.95,September 2000.Info: ZED Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia StreetLondon N1 9JF UK. Ph: + 44-2078378466, fax: +44-20-7833 3960,e-mail: [email protected],http://www.zedbooks.demon.co.uk

Heavy FootprintsThe World BankGroup & the Envi-ronment in Europe &Central Asia.

Edited by IvonaMalbasic and JózsefFeiler, CEE BankwatchProblems of the World Bank (WB) op-erations in the region on the environmen-tal area. Although, the WB has changedover the last 20 years, and many of thosechanges have come in response to NGOcampaigns, unsustainable projects arecontinuously approved and the core op-erations of the WB show little change.Among titles: Radioactive Loan; Shall notbe Built; Trouble & Opportunity; Highwaythrough Forests; Bypass through the En-vironment; Drilling the Sea; What Stinks?ISBN 963 0042061, 192 p., Sept. 2000.In English & Russian, Available in PDFand http on the web. Hardcopies: $ 6.

Info: CEE Bankwatch Network, Kratka26, Praha 10000 Czech Republicph/fax: +420 -2-781-6571e-mail: [email protected]://www.bankwatch.org

Climate Change and ExtremeWeather EventsBy P. Vellingaand W. J. vanVe r s e v e l d ,University ofAmsterdam,Institute forEnvironmen-tal Studies.

Published by WWF.46 pages, September 2000.

Global Warming andTerrestial BiodiversityDeclineByJay R. MalcolmUniversity ofToronto andAdam MarkhamClean Air-CoolPlanet

Published by WWF34 pages, August 2000.

Info: WWF Climate Change Campaignatt Jennifer Morgan, 1250 24th St NW,Washington DC 20037-1175, USA.Ph: +1 202 822 3455,fax: +1 202 331 2391, e-mail: [email protected],http://www.panda.org/climate.

Renewable Energy on SmallIslands

By Thomas LyngeJensen, IslandProject Coordina-tor Forum for En-ergy and Devel-opment (FED)

Info:FED, Blegdamsvej 4 B, 1st Floor 2200Copenhagen N Denmark.Ph: +45 35247713,fax: +45 35247717,e-mail: [email protected],Available in PDF format (1.6 MB)http://www.energiudvikling.dk/projects_pro.php3?id=19See also articleon page 6.

HeavyFoot-prints

Edited byIvona Malbasic andJózsef Feiler

PeriodicalsREFOCUSOfficial Bi-monthlyMagazine ofInternational SolarEnergy Society(ISES), a globalalliance ofacademics,businessprofessionalsand organizations.

Launch Issue in July/August 2000.ISSN 1471 0846, 56 pages. Launch issueis gratis. Subscription in USA is $251/yr.Info: Elsevier Advanced Technology,The Boulevard, Langford LaneKidlington, Oxon, OX5 1GB, UK.Ph:+44 1865 843648, fax: +44 1865843971, e-mail: [email protected]://www.re-focus.net.

European ECO-ForumNewsletterIssue 1 (7) September 2000.See article on page no. 11.Info: ECO-Accord, PO Box 43, 129090,Moscow, Russian. Ph:+7 095 9246240,fax:+7 095 9259282,e-mail:[email protected],http://www.eco-forum.org.

CartoonsHumankind & EnergyThe best 170 drawings of the 3000 par-ticipants of the Cartoon Competition “Hu-mankind and Energy” arranged by theGoethe Institute for EXPO 2000, pre-sented by IZE.

See article onpage no.5 and

drawings onpage 2, 15, 16.

150 drawingcan be seen on

the web.The catalogue250 p. of 170

cartoonsDM 24,80.

Info: IZE, Dr. Horst-A.Kukuck,Stresemannallee 23, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. http://www.energyhit.dePh:+49 696304375, fax:+49 696304483e-mail: [email protected].

Drawing byAlexander Avramenko

Ukraine


EVENTS* = INFORSE is Participating

November 13-24, 2000 *COP-6, UNFCCC, The Hague, HollandInfo: United Nations’ Framework Convention onClimate Change, Conference of Parties, fax: +49-228-815-1999, [email protected]

November 23-26, 2000CERE 2000, Beijing, ChinaInt’l Environment & Renewable EnergyConferenceInfo: China International Science Center, No. 1Sandaojie, Jianguomenwai, Chaoyang District,Beijing 100022, P.R. China. Ph: +86-10-65157760, fax: +86-10-65158442, e-mail:[email protected] , www.ciscexpo.orgcn.net

November 28- December 1, 2000CIEE 2000, Shanghai, ChinaChina Int’l Energy Exhibition and ConferenceInfo: Worldwide Exhibition Service Co., Rm.2706, Nanzheng Building, 580 Nanjing Rd. (W),Shanghai 200041, P.R. China.Ph: +86-21-52340650, fax:+86-21-52340649, e-mail: [email protected]

November 28 - December 1, 2000From Fossils to Photons, Renewable EnergyTransforming Business Brisbane, Australia38th Annual Conference of the ANZSES.Info: Australian and New Zealand Solar EnergySociety, (ANZSES), [email protected],http://www.solar2000.aust.com/

December 5-7, 20002nd Triangular Cooperation Conference onSmall Hydro Power, Hangzhou, ChinaInfo: IN-SHP, PO Box 202, Hangzhou 310002,China. Ph: +86 571 7070070, fax: +86 5717023353, e-mail: [email protected],http://www.inshp.org.

December 6-9, 2000SOLAREXPO 2000, Verona, ItalyInt’l Trade Fair & Conference on Renewableand Alternative EnergiesInfo: Piazzetta Trento Trieste 10 b, 32032 FeltreBL Italy. Ph: +39-439 840922, fax: +39-439849854, e-mail: [email protected],http:// web: www.solarexpo.com

February 13-22, 2001Planning and Technology Selection forSmall Hydro Power, Roorkee, IndiaInfo: Arun Kumar, Alternate Hydro Energy Centre(AHEC), University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667U.P. India. Ph: +91 1332 74254, fax: +91 133173517, e-mail: [email protected],[email protected], www.ahecindia.org,www.ahecindia.com.

February 26-27-28, 2001Creating an All-Energy Future Conference,Aberdeen, UKDiversification, Renewable Energy TechnologiesWorld Energy Cities’ Partnership Meeting.Info: JPPR, 34 Ellerker Gardens, Richmond,Surrey TW10 6AA, UK. Ph: +44-20 8241 1912,fax: +44-20 8940 6211, e-mail:[email protected], [email protected],http://www.all-energy.co.uk

February- March, 2001*2nd Meeting of Intergovernmental Groupof Experts on Energy and Sustainable De-velopment, New York, USAOfficial Preparation of CSD9.Info: www.un.org/esa/sustdevSee article on page no. 3

February 28 – March 3, 2001World Sustainable Energy Day,Wels, AustriaEnergy Globe Award 2001, Languages: Eng-lish, German, French, Czech/SlovakInfo: O.Ö Energiesparverband, Landstrasse 454020 Linz Austria.Ph: +43-732-6584 4380, fax: +43-7326584 4383,e-mail: [email protected], http://www.esv.or.at.

February 28- March 3, 2001Renewable Energy Exhibition, Lyon-Eurexpo, FrancePh: +33 4 72223260, fax: +33 4 72223258,

February 28 – March 2, 20013rd Asia-Pacific Cleaner Production Round-table, Mandaluyong City, PhilippinesCollege of Business Administration, University ofthe Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101Philippines, Fax: (63-2) 9297991Email: [email protected]

March 30 - April 1, 2001New Energy 2001, Shanghai, China2nd Int’l Exhib. on New & Clean EnergyInfo: Coastal Int’l Exhibition Co. ltd, Room 3808China Resources Building, 26 Harbour road,Wanchai, Hong Kong. Ph: 852 2827 6766, fax:852 2827 6870, e-mail: [email protected],http://www.coastal.com.hk.

April 2-5, 2001WORK 2001, Johannesburg, South Africa1st Int’l Conf. on Employment Creation inDevelopment,Info: Dep’t of Civil Engineering, Private bag 3,WITS 2050, South Africa. Ph: +27-11 717 7137,fax: +27-11 339 1762,e-mail: [email protected],http://www.civil.wits.ac.za/rmc/w2001index.html,http://work2001.cjb.net.

April 5-6, 20017th Annual Int’l Sustainable DevelopmentResearch Conf., Univ. of Manchester, UKERP Environment, PO Box 75, Shipley, WestYorkshire, BD17 6EZ, UK.Ph: +44 1274 530408, fax: +44 1274 530409,e-mail: [email protected],www.erpenvironment.org

April 16-27, 2001 *Commission for Sustainable Development9th Session (CSD9), New York, USAInfo: www.un.org/esa/sustdevSee article on page no. 3

May 3-4, 2001REMIC - Renewable Energy in Maritimeand Island Climates, Belfast, UK.Organized by ISES-UK and Centre for Sus-tainable Technologies. (CST)Info: University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Co.Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Island. Ph: +44 289036 8238, fax: +44 28 9036 8239, e-mail:[email protected], http://www.engj.ulst.ac.uk/remic

May 6-8, 2001The Changing Land of Europe, Amster-dam, The NetherlandsThe 1st European Conference on Agriculture& Renewable EnergyInfo: EMML (European Media Marketing Ltd.)PO Box 7, Torrington, North Devon, EX38 8YP,UK. Ph: +44 1805625500, fax: +44 1805625400,E-mail: [email protected], www.emml.com.

May 15-16, 2001From Eco-Efficiency to Overall Sustain-ability in Enterprises, Duesseldorf, Germany2nd Int’l Conference. It will be part of ENVITEC.Info: Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environ-ment & Energy, Doeppersberg 19, 42103Wuppertal, Germany. Ph: +49-202-2492102;fax: +49-202-2492108,e-mail: [email protected],http://www.eco-efficiency.de.

June 11 -16, 2001ECEEE Summer Study 2001Info: European Council for an Energy EfficientEconomy, c/o ADEME - ICE, 46 rue de Provence,75009 Paris - France. Ph: 33 1 48 74 59 73, fax:33 1 42813958, e-mail: [email protected],http://www.eceee.org.

July 2-6, 2001European Wind Energy Conference,Bella Center, Copenhagen, DenmarkSupported by Danish Wind Turbine Manufac-turers Association, The European Wind En-ergy Association (EWEA).Info: EWEA Brussels, Ph: +32 2 546 19 40,fax: +32 2 546 19 44, e-mail: [email protected],http://www.ewea.org orWIP, http://www.wip-munich.de.

October 31 – November 3, 2001Renewable Energy Indonesia, JakartaInt’l exhibition alongside Electric,- Power,-ELENEX –Indonesia.Info: PT Pamerindo Buana Abadi, Deutsche BankBuilding 13th Floor, JI Imam Bonjol 80, Jakarta10310, Indonesia. Ph: +62 21 316 2001,fax: +62 21 316 1981/2,e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

One of the participant drawings of the Cartoon Competition “Humankind and Energy”

arranged by the Goethe Institute for EXPO2000, represented by IZE, Germany.See article on page no. 5, and

Publication List on page no. 14

Dra

win

g b

y F

ran

cisc

o J

. E

tayo

La

rra

inza

r B

asq

ue

Co

un

try,

Sp

ain


Editorial p. 2Time for a Change

INFORSE/World p. 3 - 6• CSD9, One Step Forward or Backward?• Sinking Climate Targets

- The Crucial Climate COP6- Argentine Groups Oppose

Tree Planting Project• Pro & Contra at the EXPO 2000• New Enlarged Report on 53 Islands

Africa p 7 - 8• New Network Overcomes Lack of

Experience in East Africa - Envi-ronmental Impact Assessment

• Watching over Charcoal Kilns inUganda

Asia p. 8• Unfavorable Conditions in Asia,

NGOs Must Work Harder andCloser

Europe p. 9 - 11• Higher Targets for European

Windpower, Only Dreamers...European News:• INFORSE-Europe Annual Meeting• Internet Education Graduates• ECO-forum Sets Energy Priorities• Ambitious Plans to Stop Climate

Change• 2.5 Million Signatures, Russia NO to Nuclear Waste Import• Nordic-Baltic Co-operation

Technical: p. 12-13• All Shares Sold in the World’s Big-

gest Wind Co-operative

Publications p. 14

Events p. 15

Back pageFunding for INFORSE MembersThe South-South-North Co-operationFund has US$ 13,000 for 2001

Contents Funding for INFORSE MembersThe South-South-North Co-operation Fund has

US$ 13,000 for 2001Members of the INFORSE network havean opportunity to apply for funding foractivities in the field of sustainable energyfrom the South-South-North Co-operationFund (SSN).

The fund is hosted by the INFORSESecretariat at the Forum for Energy andDevelopment (FED) in Denmark.

Apparently, many of the members arenot aware of this opportunity, since theSecretariat has only received very few ap-plications for funding in 2000. Therefore,we encourage INFORSE members to sub-mit applications.

The main objective of the fund is to giveINFORSE members economic assistanceto develop project ideas and to prepareprojects in the field of renewable energy.

SSN will give priority to projectswhere INFORSE members plan to co-operate. In this way, members can learnfrom each other, share experiences, de-velop ideas, and otherwise work together.Thereby, this will strengthen theINFORSE network. The co-operation canbe between members from the same coun-try, as well as, it can be South-South, orSouth-North co-operation.

Application Form AvailableThe Secretariat has developed an appli-cation format available via e-mail, fax,and postal mail.

The application is not supposed to bevery extensive. It must contain basic in-formation about the applying organiza-tions; the problem that the NGO is ad-dressing; the objectives, the activities, thebeneficiaries, and the other stakeholders.Finally, it must include a budget.

If a NGO has any questions about therequired information, it is most welcometo discuss them with the Secretariat.

Apply Year RoundThe SSN will be able to spend about13,000 US$ in 2001. The responsibilityof the members receiving funds is to im-plement the activities and to report onactivities carried out as well as on theproject's finances. There is no deadline forsubmitting applications to the Fund. TheFED executive board will discuss appli-cations on a quarterly basis.

Assistance in FormulatingApplicationINFORSE members should also be awarethat the Secretariat can assist members informulating project applications to donorsfor support of any type of energy activ-ity. As a point of departure, NGOs willwrite a draft project proposal. The FEDwill comment on it and discuss with theowner of the proposal whether the FEDthinks that part of the application shouldbe changed.

More Info: INFORSE Secretariat/FED,Blegdamsvej 4 B, 1st Fl., DK-2200,Copenhagen N, Denmark.Ph: +45 35247715, fax: +45 35247717,E-mail: [email protected], http://www.inforse.org

One of the participant drawings from theCartoon Competition arranged by the GoetheInstitute for EXPO 2000, represented by IZE.

See article on page no. 5, and the Publication List on page no.14

Drawing by Florian Doru Crihana,Galati, Romania

World’s Largest Higher Wind Cooperative Targets for Wind ... · PDF fileTargets for Wind...

Documents

Transcript of World’s Largest Higher Wind Cooperative Targets for Wind ... · PDF fileTargets for Wind...