January 2005

THOMAS JEFFERSON NATIONAL ACCELERATOR FACILITY • A DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FACILITY

DVCS@JLab uses‘interference’ to study inner structures of nucleus

Occupational Health &Safety helps prevent workplaceinjury, illness

Tactics for making healthylifestyle changes

‘Discover the Unknown’at Science Bowl 2005; answer callfor volunteers

DOE Site Office staffer,Barbara Morgan retires

Before you order:Checkout Stockroom’s Odds &Ends area

In Bern, Switzerland, in 1905, ayoung patent examiner with a Ph.D.

in physics wrote five papers that wereall accepted and published in Annalender Physik, a respected German physicsjournal (one of the papers was pub-lished in 1906). These papers intro-duced ideas that transformed the fieldof physics, providing physicists newavenues of exploration and new waysto pursue them. The young patentexaminer was Albert Einstein, and theyear was declared Einstein’s “miracu-lous year.”

To commemorate his achievements,the international physics community iscelebrating the 100th anniversary ofAlbert Einstein’s “miraculous year”with a year-long celebration ofEinstein, his ideas and his influence on

World Year of PhysicsInternational physics community celebratescentennial of Einstein’s ‘miracle year’

Continued on page 2

life in the 21st century. Jefferson Lab isjoining this celebration with events andprograms open to the public.

The PapersEinstein’s 1905 papers dealt with

three topics of particular interest toJefferson Lab. One provided an expla-nation for Brownian motion, a phe-nomenon first described by RobertBrown in 1827 in which plant pollengrains suspended in a liquid remain inconstant motion. Another paperdescribed light in terms of individualparticles and then used this idea (origi-nally introduced by Max Planck) toexplain the photoelectric effect. Twoother papers introduced the special the-ory of relativity and the universallyknown expression equating mass andenergy, E = mc2, subjects that Einstein

Einstein's radical ideas lead to abetter understanding of many topicsin physics, including space, timeand the structure of matter. His spe-cial theory of relativity, for instance,provided a theoretical basis neededfor operating Jefferson Lab's ownelectron accelerator.

by Kandice Carter

Winter-SpringWYOP events

February 8From Slave to Scientist: A

Dramatization of the Life of GeorgeWashington Carver

A Science Series Lecture

February 16Orbiting the Sun with Qubits: An

Overview of Science &Technologyat the Applied Physics Laboratory

A World Year of PhysicsColloquium by Victor McCrary,

Johns Hopkins University

March 16Einstein's Biggest Blunder: A

Cosmic Mystery StoryA World Year of Physics SeriesLecture by Professor Lawrence

Krauss

March 22A Visit with Marie Curie

A Science Series Lecture

April 16Jefferson Lab Open House

For more information, visitwww.jlab.org/

would continue to explore in variousforms for the rest of his life.

Einstein’s paper on Brownianmotion not only explained the phe-nomenon, it also offered an experimen-tal test for the theory of heat andhelped to establish the modern viewthat all matter and material objects arecomposed of individual atoms andmolecules attracted to one another bythe fundamental forces of Nature.Scientists at JLab are continuing thiswork by studying the basic buildingblocks of individual atoms, with par-ticular interest in how protons and neu-trons combine to form an atom’snucleus, or what physicists call theatomic nucleus.

Experiments at Jefferson Lab arecarried out with CEBAF, theContinuous Electron Beam AcceleratorFacility. The accelerator propels anearly continuous beam of electrons atan experimental target. These electronsstrike individual atomic nuclei in thetarget, and physicists analyze the reac-tion to learn about these nuclei, theprotons and neutrons inside the nuclei,the quarks inside the protons and neu-trons, and the forces holding all theseparticles together.

Another of Einstein’s 1905 papersprovided an explanation of the photo-electric effect. It propounded MaxPlanck’s idea that light must some-times behave like a stream of particleswith discrete energies; physicists callthese particles photons. This paper, forwhich Einstein was awarded the 1921Nobel Prize, was an important step inthe development of quantum mechan-ics, the theory that provides us withthe fundamental understanding of mol-ecules, atoms and atomic nuclei. “Wedidn't know about photons untilEinstein's explanation of the photo-electric effect. Einstein really definedthe concept of the photon, and we'reusing photons to investigate the struc-ture of matter. So in that sense, it'sreally at the very heart of what we'redoing,” says JLab Chief Scientist andTheory Group Leader Anthony W.(Tony) Thomas.

In experiments at Jefferson Lab, asan electron from the electron beamapproaches the nucleus of an atom

inside an experimental target, the elec-tron may emit a photon. This photon iswhat actually strikes the nucleus. Andin other experiments, physicists maychoose to amplify the number of pho-tons by sending the electron beam intoa crystal or some other medium totransform it into a beam of photonswith precisely known characteristics.The collisions of photons with anexperimental target tell us somethingabout the atoms we’re studying.

“You've got a particle coming in,something at rest, and two thingsgoing out. In our case, sometimes oneof the things going out has been excit-ed, and we learn about its internalstructure as well as about its size andshape by doing that,” says JLabPhysics Division Associate DirectorLarry Cardman. He says these colli-sions are a lot like what happens on apool table as billiard balls collide. Toanalyze what will happen to collidingballs on a pool table, physicists canuse classical mechanics, which useNewton’s laws of motion.

But these laws fail to describe themotion of subatomic particles. Todescribe what happens on that scale,physicists need to use quantummechanics. “The physical theory weuse to describe the systems we'restudying, because they are small, isquantum mechanics. But becausewe're studying them with reactionsthat involve large amounts of energyand particles moving at very highvelocities, the theory we use todescribe them is relativistic quantummechanics, which merges Heisenbergand all of quantum mechanics withEinstein's theory of relativity,”Cardman adds, “If you're looking atthe reactions we do at the energies wedo them, you can't do it without invok-ing and using, every day, the specialtheory of relativity.”

The Special Theory of RelativityThe special theory of relativity is

arguably Einstein’s most renownedcontribution to the field of physics.Einstein introduced the concept in twopapers that addressed a central puzzlefor physicists of the day, the connec-tion between electromagnetic theoryand ordinary motion. Most importantly

Continued from page 1

ON TARGET • January 20052Continued on page 16

January 2005 • ON TARGET 3

Fromthe

Director

Significant eventsof 2004 drive the

opportunities,challenges weface in 2005

Christoph LeemannJefferson Lab Director

Dear Colleagues:As we begin 2005, I would like to

reflect on some of the significantevents during the past year atJefferson Lab that have set the stagefor the challenges and opportunitieswe face in the coming year.

Early in 2004, Anthony W. (Tony)Thomas joined us and assumed therole of Chief Scientist and head of theTheory Group. With Tony’s enthusi-asm and strong leadership, he is build-ing on our scientific program and isbecoming an important part of theteam shaping the scientific future ofJefferson Lab. He has also become acatalyst in furthering development ofthe Excited Baryon Analysis Center.

A sustained and focused effort byaccelerator operations staff improvedmachine running time and reliabilityafter Hurricane Isabel hit inSeptember 2003. A well-plannedrecovery and new maintenance pro-gram have resulted in better, morereliable accelerator operations. Newprocedures to bring the machine updelivers beam to the halls in a moretimely and efficient manner. Upgradesto the injector system and the CEBAFcontrol room enhanced our ability tocarry out the Lab’s world-class scien-tific research program, whichachieved a noteworthy milestonewhen data collection was completedon the 100th experiment run atJefferson Lab — in less than nineyears of operation. By year’s end thetotal number of experiments complet-ed reached 110 with another 12 par-tially done. In the last quarter of 2004,Accelerator and Physics Division staffwere able to push the productivity ofthe halls to deliver more science. Thisincreased science output is a testamentto skilled and dedicated staff workingtogether in the accelerator and end sta-tions.

The critical first major milestonein upgrading the Continuous ElectronBeam Accelerator Facility from a 6GeV (billion electron volt) to a 12GeV machine was achieved on April19, when then Deputy Secretary of

Energy Kyle McSlarrow announcedthe Department of Energy’s approvalof Critical Decision Zero, establishingthe “mission need” for the Upgrade.Assistant Director Allison Lung asProject Director has made significantprogress on the 12 GeV UpgradeConceptual Design Report due to DOEthis year; and we anticipate approval ofthe preliminary baseline work plan(CD-1), later this year.

Other highlights from 2004 includethe beginning of construction on theCEBAF Center addition, which isexpected to reach completion at theend of 2005 and the delivery of 10 kWof infrared laser light from the Lab’sFree Electron Laser in July. The FELalso added an Army-funded terahertzbeamline capable of generating 100Watts of terahertz light for scientificstudies, nearly 100,000 times brighterthan available anywhere else in theworld.

The Department of Energy’sScience and Technology andInstitutional Management Reviews ofJefferson Lab declared the Lab’s scien-tific program “truly outstanding” andyielded kudos for our 12 GeV Upgradeproject, SRF capabilities, Free-Electron Laser and our work for theSpallation Neutron Source. This out-standing record is a testament to thehard work, inventiveness and focus ofour team, and it underscores the impor-tance of developing a strong programto carry the Lab into the future.However, a Lab-wide trend ofincreased safety incidents which led toJLab ranking near the bottom of Officeof Science facilities in safety perfor-mance was a cause for DOE and Labconcern. JLab was ranked ninth out of10 with our total recordable case(TRC) rate and seventh out of 10 withour days away, restricted, or trans-ferred (DART) rate. To address thistrend, I implemented a number ofactions including the formation ofcommittees to review our policies andprocedures for personal protectiveequipment, materials handling, andelectrical work, engagement of a con-

Continued on page 14

When you throw two rocks into apond of water, side-by-side, the

ripples created by the rocks will collideand annihilate each other in some areasand combine to make bigger ripples inothers. Physicists call this phenomenoninterference. In a large Hall A experi-ment that completed taking data inearly December, physicists are usingthis same phenomenon to get them onestep closer to a three-dimensional pic-ture of the inner structure of protonsand neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

The experiment, calledDVCS@JLab, ran in two, back-to-backparts from Sept. 18 through Dec. 5.DVCS, or "deeply virtual Comptonscattering," is the process these experi-ments used to learn about protons andneutrons (nucleons).

In this process, physicists use theCEBAF accelerator to propel a beam ofelectrons into an experimental target.When these electrons strike the target,many collide with the nucleons in thenuclei of atoms. In the first part of theexperimental run, the researchers wereinterested in those collisions where an

electron has struck a quark inside theproton, giving the quark extra energyand knocking it out of the proton.This quark then gets rid of the excessenergy by emitting a photon, or a unitof light, and is reabsorbed by the pro-ton. In the second part of the experi-ment, the researchers looked at thesame process in the neutron.

For the experiment to work, thescientists needed to be able to mea-sure the speed, position and energy ofthe electron that had bounced off thequark, the photon given off by thequark, and the re-assembled proton.The researchers used Hall A's HighResolution Electron Spectrometer tomeasure the electron and a scintillatorarray they built to measure the proton.

According to Pierre Bertin,Director of Research at theLaboratoire de PhysiqueCorpusculaire de Clermont-Ferrandand lead spokesperson forDVCS@JLab, the most importantpiece of equipment in the experimentis the new calorimeter the researchersconstructed to measure the photon."We have built a calorimeter, a verynice one. And it is the heart of theexperiment, because we need toknow perfectly the energy of the pho-ton. And at this time, we can measurethat to within two or three percent.That is the accuracy of our detector,and it is very necessary because thatwill allow us to go a factor of 10 bet-ter than experiments have donebefore," he says.

A Calorimeter with No NameThe total cost of the calorimeter isabout $750,000. The calorimeter andthe scintillator both spent fourmonths in the Test Lab undergoingfinal checkout procedures beforeinstallation in Hall A began in July2004. Franck Sabatie, a researcherfrom CEA-Saclay and a spokespersonon the experiment, says the calorime-ter is composed of an array of lead-fluorite crystals. "The lead-fluoritecrystals look like glass, but they're verydense — as heavy as iron, basically."

"We have 132 block crystals, soit's not too big," Bertin says. Eachrectangular crystal rod measures 3 by

DVCS@JLab

‘Interference’ usedto study innerstructure of

protons, neutrons

by Kandice Carter

Continued on next page

DVCS@JLab is a Hall A collaborationexperiment, with more than 40researchers from 13 institutions,including LPC Clermont-Ferrand, CEASaclay, LPSC Grenoble, Old DominionUniversity (ODU) and RutgersUniversity. The experiment has fivespokespersons: Pierre Bertin, CharlesHyde-Wright, Ron Ransome, FranckSabatie and Eric Voutier. Hyde-Wrightoversaw construction of the protonscintillator array (pictured) at ODU.

4 ON TARGET • January 2005

5January 2005 • ON TARGET

3 centimeters on end and nearly 20centimeters in length. Attached to theend of each crystal is a photomultipliertube.

"And what happens is — the pho-ton — as soon as it enters a veryheavy material, creates an electron andpositron, and these then radiate morephotons," Sabatie explains, "The newphotons then create more electrons andpositrons... so there's a shower of par-ticles inside the crystal.” The result isa flash of light inside the crystal,which is measured by the photomulti-plier tube and recorded. “That allowsus to reconstruct both the energy andthe position of where the original pho-ton hit the calorimeters," Sabatie adds.

As for what the scientists call thecalorimeter, Bertin notes, "It doesn'thave a name." According to Sabatie,some of the collaborators have takento calling the calorimeter Calo,because it's a small one as far ascalorimeters are concerned.

Installing the equipment into HallA for the experiment took about twomonths. "It's one of those experimentswhere we added several detectors tothe main hall instrumentation. Andthat meant a lot of installation time. Sowe started in July, and we finishedbasically when beam arrived on Sept.18," Sabatie says.

Back to InterferenceBertin says that even with the new

dedicated calorimeter, proton scintilla-tor and other equipment, the analysisof the data from the experiment isgoing to be challenging. That’sbecause the detectors will record infor-mation from more than one processthat will result in the telltale photonrecorded in the calorimeter. "We havetwo processes in competition. We havethe Bethe-Heitler process, where thephoton we detect in the calorimeter issimply emitted by an electron. That isone process, then," Bertin explains, “inDVCS, the photon going in the spec-trometer is emitted by the proton. Butthere will be fewer photons producedin this process, and this is the onewe’re interested in.”

The signal the physicists willrecord in the experiment will contain

events from both processes: DVCS aswell as the Bethe-Heitler process. Itturns out that theory projects theseprocesses will overlap, or interfere, ina predictable way, inflating the photonsignal that the detector records in someareas and reducing the signal in others.The physicists aim to separate outthese processes by using what they knowabout how these processes interfere.

The Bethe-Heitler is a well-knownprocess that can be calculated fromtheory. “We get DVCS just by takingout what we know from the Bethe-Heitler theory,” Sabatie explains.Bertin adds, “And that is the new thingin this physics. This trick will allow usto get the result we’re looking for.”The researchers have begun analyzingthe data and expect to obtain resultssometime in the next year.

Generalized Parton DistributionsThe goal of the experiment is to

test the theory of generalized partondistributions (GPDs). GPDs are a setof mathematical functions that mayallow physicists to produce a three-dimensional snapshot of the innerstructure and dynamics of protons andneutrons in the nucleus. Physicists canuse these functions to map out thelocation and momentum of the quarksand gluons inside protons and neu-trons. "This is the first experimentdedicated to GPDs," Bertin notes.

This experiment won't provideenough information to put together amap of the internal structure of protonsand neutrons just yet. Rather, it willprovide enough information for a cal-culation of one aspect of the structureof the nucleon. "We are measuring onepoint. So the experiment won't give usthe whole picture of the nucleon, but itwill give us one accurate measurementthat relates to the structure of thenucleon. It will allow us to check thetheory," Sabatie explains.

He says if the experiment is suc-cessful, it will pave the way for broad-er experiments. "We will need a lot ofpictures to reconstruct a 3-D image ofthe nucleon. So the next step is to plana much bigger experiment, and this isbasically what Jefferson Lab is doingwith the 12 GeV Upgrade," he says.

Continued from previous page

A brief explanationof deeply virtual

Comptonscattering

Deeply Virtual Compton

Scattering (DVCS) gets its name

from the process that describes how

the electron interacts with the quark.

Electrons interact with other particles

through the electromagnetic force.

The carrier of this force is the photon

(also known as the particle of light,

photons carry the electromagnetic

force in all its wavelengths — from

gamma rays to visible light to radio

waves). So, an electron will never

strike another particle directly;

instead, it’s thought to emit a photon

that interacts with another particle.

No one has ever seen or detect-

ed these photons directly, so they're

referred to as “virtual.” Virtual pho-

tons are thought to be very different

from actual photons. For instance,

they may have mass. The “deeply

virtual” in DVCS refers to virtual pho-

tons that have a lot of energy to

transfer to other particles. "Compton

scattering" describes this transfer of

energy between particles in terms of

electrons and, in this case, virtual

photons.

ON TARGET • January 20056 Continued on page 8

In step withOccupational

Health &Safety

The day-to-day activities ofJefferson Lab’s Occupational

Health and Safety group (formerly"Medical Services") vary widely, buteverything its staff members do reflecttheir commitment to the health andwell being of employees.

OHS provides occupational healthand safety services to Jefferson Labemployees. The group focuses on pro-moting health and preventing illnessand injury in the work place whileeducating and helping to protectemployees from work related hazards.

“We’re a full service occupationalhealth program,” says Dr. W. Smith“Smitty” Chandler, who has been theLab’s medical director since 1988. Heis Board Certified in OccupationalMedicine and helps oversee the occu-pational health and safety of about25,000 people working for variousorganizations throughout HamptonRoads. The OHS group also includesMelissa Holloway, occupational healthnurse and Johnie Banks, administra-tive assistant, who oversee the day-to-day medical needs of Lab employees.

“All new employees receive amedical evaluation from OHS to helpassure that they are able to performtheir work safely,” Dr. Chandlerexplains. In addition to performingthese assessments, OHS conductsongoing medical monitoring for JLabstaff members with specialized jobrequirements. Examples includeemployees working in environmentswhere they may be exposed to radia-tion, oxygen deficiency or high noise,and employees who operate cranes,lifts or platforms, or work with lasers.

A critical aspect of occupational

health is evaluating job-related illness-es and injuries. Anyone at JLab whobecomes acutely ill or is injured whileat work must contact OHS immediate-ly. OHS staff members provide firstaid and help the injured person findappropriate off-site care, when it isnecessary. They'll follow up too, mak-ing sure that the employee’s care ismeeting his or her medical and psy-chological needs. “It is important thatanyone with a work-related injury orillness contact us immediately,”Chandler emphasizes. “Timely report-ing of injuries, and prompt medicalcare can often help to keep problemsfrom becoming more severe.”

“JLab experienced 15 recordableinjuries during fiscal year 2004, andthat’s a number we must all work tobring down,” Dr. Chandler adds. “Butwhat is even more distressing is thatsix of these recordable injuries weren’timmediately reported to the injuredindividual’s supervisor and theOccupational Health and Safety team.Several of these incidents would haverequired only basic first-aid from amedical professional if promptly treat-ed. And first-aid cases don’t count asrecordable injuries. Safety records areimportant, but even more important isthe fact that prompt evaluation reducesthe chance that people will sufferunnecessarily. ” (Injuries determined tobe recordable under OccupationalSafety and Health Administrationguidelines are Department of Energyreportable.)

As part of the Lab’s HumanResources Department, “our primaryjob is to help and support employees,”Dr. Chandler notes. To that end, the

Staff promoteshealth; preventsillness, injury inthe workplace

From left are Johnie Banks, administrative assistant; Heather Singleton; MelissaHolloway, occupational health nurse and Dr. “Smitty” Chandler, OccupationalHealth and Safety medical director. Heather Singleton, OHS nurse manager,departed JLab on Jan. 19 for an executive nursing position at Eastern StateHospital.

For more information aboutOHS visit the web at

www.jlab.org/div_dept/admin/medical/

or stop by the OHS officein the VARC

(building 28, room 22C)

phone number: ext. 7539JLab emergency response:

ext. 4444

by Judi Tull

Continued on page 8 January 2005 • ON TARGET

How to success-fully tackle

those New Year’sresolutions

Dr. Chandlersuggests tactics

for makinghealthy lifestyle

changes

7

So you’ve made those New Year’sresolutions: you’re going to eat

better and less, exercise more, andgive up those bad habits. Dr. W. Smith“Smitty” Chandler, Jefferson Lab’sOccupational Health and Safety med-ical director, has a message for you:slow down.

“The most common cause of fail-ure in positive lifestyle change is try-ing to go too fast,” he said. “Peopleget impassioned, then they get frus-trated if they don’t see immediateimprovement. It takes decades tobecome a certain way, and therefore ittakes time to make improvements thatlast.”

And the power to make thosechanges is all yours. Smoking, Dr.Chandler explained, is the singleworst thing you can do when it comesto your health. Its effects are farreaching and its addictive qualitiespowerful, in part because inhaling isthe second fastest method of drugdelivery to the body. That makessmoking extremely “reinforcing.” Thekey to quitting, he said, is to keep atit, and maintain a fighting attitude.“The people who ultimately fail atsmoking cessation are the ones who,having tried once or twice to quit andwere unsuccessful, give up and takethe attitude of ‘I’ll take my chances,’”he said. “The ones who succeed arethose who keep trying over and overuntil they succeed.”

Regarding nutrition, Dr. Chandlersuggested that, overall, sugar andsweets are the most unhealthful foods,followed by starches and fat from redmeat. He also recommends againstsnacking between meals. “In theory,snacking is consistent with our her-itage because most of our geneticmakeup comes to us from populationsthat grazed on things like berries andinsects. But in today’s world, it is thenorm to ‘graze’ on snacks that arehigh in sugar and fat.”

Cut out the snacking and you’lldo yourself a world of good. Gettingup from the table sooner is a goodfirst step toward healthy weight loss.“Many people need more structure intheir diet,” Dr. Chandler said. “Atmeals, eat until you’re full, but notstuffed. Slow down and give yourbody the chance to tell you it is full.”

In the long run, he pointed out,overeating — and eating sweets andstarches — leads to more hunger and,in a vicious cycle, more overeating.“In the long run, eating more causesmore hunger. Eating less causes lesshunger.”

Like smoking, being overweightcan have far-reaching consequences.Overweight people tend to exerciseless; they are more vulnerable todeveloping numerous diseases such asheart attack, cancer and adult-onsetdiabetes. Longevity, the doctor said, isstrongly influenced by waist size. “Butdon’t try to change too much too fast,”he advised, “because, in the long runyou will fail. Make one small improve-ment per month every month. Eachimprovement makes the next a littleeasier. These improvements add up.You will feel better and live longer. Ifimprovement is torture, you’re goingtoo fast. Go, but go slow. Make thejourney a reward, not a punishment.”So start small. Spend a year declaringwar on sweets. At the end of it, youwon’t even like sweets anymore.Spend the next year minimizing starch-es (white bread, white rice, white pota-toes and white pasta). Next reduce ani-mal fats, and so on. The moreimprovements you make, the more youcan make and the more you’ll want tomake.”

The single most critical key towell being, Smitty added, is exercise.He participates in — and recommendsfor others — “high-dose” exercise thatburns a minimum of 2,000 calories aweek. That equates to walking or run-ning approximately 20 miles a week,or doing some other vigorous activity.“High-dose exercise is the closestthing we have to a fountain of youth,”he noted.

“Many of the phenomena that weattribute to aging are actually onlyweakly associated with the passage oftime, per se. Instead, they are morestrongly associated with steadilyreduced physical activity over theyears. Regular exercise buffers us fromthe reduced quality of life that comeswith ‘age.’ Regular, intense exercisedecreases intellectual decline, cardio-vascular death and disability, cancer,and much more. Overall, exercisesaves you time because you live two

ON TARGET • January 20058

group has an active ergonomics con-sultation service. Sometimes employ-ees request OHS assistance if, forinstance, they do a lot of keyboardingand notice discomfort in their hands orwrists. At other times, group leadersrequest that Chandler come to theirwork areas to make sure that allemployees are performing their jobs inthe safest manner possible. OHS staffmembers also work closely with theLab's safety and industrial hygieneprofessionals on numerous issues suchas electrical and chemical safety.

Chandler’s medical philosophycenters on prevention of disease andinjury. “I strongly agree with the tradi-tional Chinese attitude that it is goodto cure disease, but it is far better toprevent it,” he notes. He and his staffoften counsel employees on what hecalls “lifestyle therapy,” topics includ-ing nutrition, exercise, and preventive

testing such as colonoscopy and mam-mography. To that end, OHS providesemployee wellness services such asweekly blood pressure monitoring,every Thursday from 2-4 p.m. Thegroup conducts periodic seminars andcan provide information on a range ofmedical and occupational health topics.

On average, the staff takes care ofabout 15 to 20 people per day, some-times in person, and sometimes overthe phone. Duties are divided upamong them, and Melissa Hollowayconducts CPR/AED (cardiopulmonaryresuscitation/automated external defib-rillator) training.

“We are in a state of constant evo-lution,” Chandler notes. “We’re alwayslooking for new ways to supportemployees; and we’ll continue to addservices and search for new ways tohelp employees.”

Continued from page 6Occupational H&S...

Continued from page 7

minutes longer for every minute thatyou exercise. It also makes peoplemore productive and energetic.”

“It isn’t always easy to find timeto exercise. But, here again, evolutionbeats revolution. It takes time to adjustyour habit system to incorporate exer-cise. For instance, you have to decidewhat to give up,” he said, “and TV isthe right place to start.” One reasonthat exercise is so important in weightcontrol is that exercise raises yourmetabolism so that eventually, evenwhen you’re not in motion, your inter-nal motor is running at a faster speed.

One thing you don’t want to giveup in order to exercise, however, issleep, another key component to anoverall healthy lifestyle. You owe yourbrain seven to eight hours of sleep anight and you should do everythingpossible to get it, Dr. Chandler empha-sized. Give up that late-night TV pro-gram and hit the sack. If you’re wak-ing out of a deep sleep to the screechof the alarm clock, you’re not gettingthe sleep you need. Chronic sleep

deprivation can lead to a variety ofhealth problems including cardiovas-cular disease. It also reduces alertness,a key element needed, especially atthe Lab, for safety and productivity.

The essential element of success-ful lifestyle change is to think of eachsmall step as laying down the base ofa pyramid of health. As you makeeach small change for the better,you’ll feel better about it. And soonyou’ll feel better about doing goodthings for yourself instead of hangingon to those old, bad habits. And that,Smitty said, is the key to keeping at it.“Evolution beats revolution. You’renot sentencing yourself to a life ofdeprivation,” he said. “People withhealthful lifestyles have lots of fun.”

The Lab’s Occupational Health &Safety staff offers on-going wellnesssupport including individualized coun-seling and advice with Dr. Chandler,and blood pressure and cholesterolmonitoring. The OHS team encour-ages the JLab community to get startedon preventing disease before it begins.

Healthy lifestyle choices...

January 2005 • ON TARGET 9

Science Bowl2005

JLab needs dozensof volunteersto conduct

academic event

It's almost Science Bowl time,according to Jan Tyler, JLab’s

Science Education manager. Like lastyear, the Lab will be hosting twoScience Bowls in the coming months:the Virginia Regional High SchoolScience Bowl on Saturday, February12, and the Virginia Regional MiddleSchool Science Bowl on Saturday,March 5.

The call for volunteers to help withone or both of these events is goingout to JLab employees, users, familymembers and students, according toTyler. “Your co-workers, spouses andchildren (over age 13) may volunteer,too. There are plenty of duties to goaround,” Tyler adds. “So if you’veenjoyed helping out with prior ScienceBowls, or if you’ve never been to aScience Bowl, but want to be part ofthe excitement, we want you! If youwere part of a team that really‘clicked’ last year, and you want towork with the same people thisyear, we’ll do as much aspossible to make thathappen.”

“The ScienceBowl is an annu-al, highly visibleeducational eventand academic competition amongteams of students,” Tyler explains.“These events champion an interest inscience and math across the nation.This year we have 24 teams signed upto compete in the Feb. 12 high schoolevent. Returning, will be the reigningVirginia regional and national champi-ons for the last three years, theThomas Jefferson High School forScience and Technology, fromAlexandria, Va. However, they’ll havenew competition this year withHampton Roads Academy (NewportNews) joining the tournament.”

More than 70 volunteers will beneeded to run the daylong competi-tion. On that day, CEBAF Center andthe VARC will be taken over by morethan 200 high school students, theircoaches, and the dozens of volunteersneeded to conduct the tournament.The morning consists of a round-robincompetition, followed by double-elim-ination rounds in the afternoon.

“By 5 p.m. we’ll be ready to namethe winner,” Tyler says. The top threeteams earn cash prizes for their respec-tive schools, and the top team wins atrip to the Science Bowl Nationalsheld in Washington, D.C., April 28 –May 2.

“We’re excited to host theseevents. They are a great way to pro-mote education, academic excellenceand an interest in math and science,”Tyler points out. “Competing withtheir peers is a great confidencebuilder and a fantastic way to motivateyoung minds.”

The Science Bowl, celebrating its15th year of Department of Energysponsorship, is an academic competi-tion among teams of students who

answer multiple-choice and short-

answer questionson a variety ofscientific top-ics (chem-istry, biology,physics,

mathematics,astronomy, and

the general, earthand computer sci-

ences). Each team ismade up of five students, and ateacher who serves as advisor andcoach.

Most of the volunteers are neededto perform as competition moderators,rules judges, timekeepers and score-keepers during the morning, round-robin sessions, according to Tyler. Shealso needs a small number of volun-teers as the on-site scientific team thatis called when a student challenges aquestion or answer during the compe-tition, and a few individuals to helpwith administrative tasks and to assistwith the alternative afternoon activi-ties planned for the teams that fall outof the competition during the morningsession.

The moderators, rules judges, time-keepers and scorekeepers each havespecific roles during the competition.Detailed descriptions of each posi-tion’s responsibilities have been post-ed on the Science Education web pageat http://education.jlab.org/sciencebowl/.

“Discover theUnknown

with Science”

Science BowlVolunteer Training Sessions

Thursday, Feb. 31:30 p.m.

Friday, Feb. 410:30 a.m.

Practice SessionsThursday, Feb. 10, 3 p.m.

Friday, Feb. 11, 9 a.m.

All training sessions will be heldin the VARC, building 28, class-

rooms 72 A and B.

Continued on page 12

ON TARGET • January 200510

In theirown

words

I’m a Newport News native, but Imoved around a lot with my family.

We lived in North Carolina, Texas andCalifornia before returning to Virginia.I went to Longwood College withevery intention of becoming anEnglish teacher. I love language, andthe rules of grammar are fascinating.

Everything changed for me when Ihad the opportunity to do an internshipat NASA. I was hired to do technicalwriting but started helping out theSystems Administrator. He noticed myaptitude for working with computersand suggested I consider majoring incomputer science. When I went backto Longwood College, I switched to adouble major, found that grammar andsyntax are not all that different, and,although I had a scholarship, financeswere very tight. So I came home to re-evaluate what I was going to do. I gota full-time job as secretary atChristopher Newport University andstarted to take classes at night with theintention of finishing my degree inComputer Science. My supervisorswere amazingly supportive of my full-time class load. I’m still thankful forbeing so lucky to have worked with them.

I dove into campus life at CNU. Iwas in the Alpha Phi sorority, andstarted the CNU chapter of the interna-tional Computer Sciences HonorSociety, Upsilon Pi Epsilon, or UPE. Iheld several offices in the Associationfor Computing Machinery (ACM) clubon campus, and was managing editorof ACM International’s student maga-zine Crossroads. While on the staff ofCrossroads, I did a few cartoons that stillget me the occasional appreciative email.

Since I love English and artisticthings, I became editor-in-chief ofCurrents, the University’s literarymagazine, and worked on the schoolnewspaper as its webmaster. I was alsovice president of the Leadership HonorSociety, Omicron Delta Kappa, and amember of Sigma Tau Delta, theEnglish honor society.

By the time graduation wasapproaching in the spring of 2001, Ihad a job offer in Washington, D.C.,doing Java programming. It wouldhave paid well, and I love program-ming, but I knew that I wanted mycareer to have some artistic facet to it

as well. So I took a leap of faith andturned that job down, believing in myheart that I would find the more per-fect job closer to home.

I knew about Jefferson Labbecause a lot of the physics and com-puter professors at CNU have tieshere and everything I had heard waswonderful. It sounded like an interest-ing, stimulating, yet casual environ-ment, and it has certainly proved tobe all that and more.

I was looking at the Lab’s websiteone day and there were two jobs incomputers open, one of them as aweb developer. So, with encourage-ment from my CNU professors, Iapplied for it. The process took awhile, but the day before graduation Iwas offered the job. I was one of thelucky few graduating with a degree incomputer science that had my dreamjob before officially graduating.

I made a lot of sacrifices toachieve this goal, and I have mymom, grandmother and aunt to thank.They are truly my role models. Mymom, Cindy Crawford, has taught meto go for my dreams and that thingswork out in the end. And speaking ofmy mom — a few months ago shecalled and asked me what I’d think ofher working here too. I thought it wasterrific. Now she works in the resi-dence facility, and we’re able to havelunch together every now and then.

I’m part of the Electronic Mediagroup. We’re officially part of thePhysics Division, but we have cus-tomers all across the Lab. The core ofwhat I do is web development, but Ialso do images for the front page,some posters, and feed my baby —the JLab Insider (intranet page). Incase you haven’t noticed, it’s prettycustomizable. I had a lot of fun pro-gramming it, and hope to add morefeatures. I’ve also been working on anew web template. This redesign ismore web standards compliant, acces-sible and, hopefully, easier to use.

I gave my first professional pre-sentation in front of peers at the endof October at InterLab, held in OakRidge, Tenn. InterLab is a yearly con-ference for webmasters, developers,designers, and the like from theDepartment of Energy labs. It’s a

as told to Judi Tull

with ElectronicMedia’s

Jessica Ledbetter

Continued on next page

January 2005 • ON TARGET 11

Continued from previous page

great chance to learn technologies,gather solutions and network.

I’m taking classes now in graphicdesign at Thomas Nelson CommunityCollege; I’ve also taken drawing class-es at the Peninsula Fine Arts Center.I’m headed for an Associate’s Degreein computer arts, and then hope to goon for my Master’s at Virginia Tech orThe College of William and Mary. Ireally believe that everything is con-

nected; arts and science are not sepa-rate. I hope my Master’s will includeboth. If not, I can finish up myEnglish degree and tack on some moreart classes. Maybe I will also get aBachelor’s in art.

I want a Ph.D. someday but I’mnot sure what the subject will be.Maybe by then I will have found aprogram that combines computer sci-ence, art and English.

Long-time Department of EnergySite Office staffer Barbara Morgan

retired Dec. 31. The Environmental,Safety, Health and Security Managerjoined the DOE Site Office inFebruary 1990 to oversee safety dur-ing construction of the accelerator andthe three end stations or experimentalhalls. She came to JLab from theNorfolk District Army Corps ofEngineers with experience as a con-struction inspector.

"The [accelerator] tunnel wasabout one-third completed when Iarrived," Morgan recalls. "It has beenincredible to see a project like thisdevelop from scratch. It's been awe-some to watch — almost from the verystart, through to completion, and nowoperating and producing cutting-edgescience. I've had a unique perspective."

With a couple seashell fossilsretrieved from the tunnel excavationsite sitting on her window sill, Morganreflects back over the years: watchingthe hall domes being wrapped inwater-proofing materials before beingcapped with earth, working with JLabstaff on the Work Smart Standardsrequirements, following state and fed-eral environmental permitting process-es as the Continuous Electron BeamAccelerator Facility prepared tobecome operational, and verifying andvalidating JLab's Integrated SafetyManagement (ISM) program. She wit-nessed many significant Lab eventsincluding the CEBAF Dedication inMay 1996 and visits by variousSecretaries of Energy and other digni-taries over the years.

However, she says, "It is the peo-ple here that I'll miss — a lot of hard-

working, good people that I admire.While we (DOE and JLab) may notalways agree, we've always worked tounderstand where the other one iscoming from. And for the most part,it's been a win-win situation."

Initially Morgan's accelerator con-struction-site safety job was a good fitwith her extensive Corps of Engineersexperience. "The Lab was even usingthe Corps of Engineers handbook as aguide on the building project," sherecollects. Later on, being able toreview the development of the Lab'sES&H program — fire protection,radiological control, waste and materi-als handling, environmental permittingand emergency management — toensure that JLab was complying withall federal, state and local ES&Hrequirements added new challenges toMorgan's role. Attending college atnight, she completed a Bachelor'sDegree in Safety Management and aMaster's Degree in Industrial Hygiene,and became a Certified SafetyProfessional and a CertifiedHazardous Material Manager. Overthe last several years, ensuring thatappropriate security requirements toprotect people and property at JLabare addressed has become an equallydemanding function of her job.

Retirement plans include Morganand husband, Ricky, selling theirhouse in Suffolk and buying a one-story home in the same general area,and traveling. "I'm looking forward tothe change and whatever the futuremay bring," Morgan adds, which willinclude coming back to JLab early in2005 for a time to assist in preparingthe required environmental documen-tation for the 12 GeV Upgrade.

In their own words...

Barbara Morgan,DOE Site

Officestaffer, retires

Before placingan order...

Checkout Stockroom’sOdds & Ends

area

ON TARGET • January 200512

Before you ordersupplies for

that small JLab job,or to finish a largerproject you’ve runshort of suppliesfor, visit the JLabStockroom’s Odds& Ends area. Odds& Ends Stock car-ries wiring, cabling,switches (resistors,connectors andother electronic

items), fasteners (nuts, bolts andwashers), and some general officesupplies. These items are leftovermaterials or supplies that have alreadybeen purchased.

These materials and supplies maybe used for JLab work being con-ducted anywhere on campus, at nocost to the person or workcenterwishing to use them. With more than500 items currently in O&E Stock,what you need just might be there —waiting to be picked up and used —for free, says Lawrence Ferbee, Jr.,Stockroom clerk.

Anyone can submit usable orreusable, excess or leftover materialsto O&E Stock. Say you’ve just fin-ished a job, moved your office, orcleaned out a cabinet and have usablequantities of materials or suppliesyou have no further use for — notjust trash, but stuff others can use —give them to O&E Stock, Ferbeesays. “It’s a great way to use up left-over materials and supplies that theLab has already paid for,” he adds.

“After all, one person’s junk can beanother’s treasure.”

Ferbee oversees JLab’s O&E Stock,which began as one cabinet in 1997 atthe request of Bill Brisiel, Stockroommanager. Over the years the area hasgrown and now fills a full aisle in theStockroom. Individuals with purchaseaccounts may peruse the electronic listof O&E Stock items, visithttp://esac.jlab.org/stock.html and signon to the webstock page. At the top ofthe page is a highlighted link: New!Request FREE Stockroom items. Clickon this and open the electronic list.O&E Stock can also be accessed viadb3 on the Lab’s computer system.

JLab employees and users with orwithout purchase accounts may alsostop by the Stockroom in building 90,any time during normal business hoursto examine O&E Stock materials andsupplies. There are restrictions withO&E Stock items; for instance, individ-uals needing them must sign them outand take them from the O&E Stockarea. These items can’t be deliveredthrough the Lab’s on-site distributionand delivery system.

Anyone with questions about post-ing something to, or getting somethingfrom O&E Stock, may contact Ferbee,ext. 6297, or email ferbee@jlab.org.There are some items, such as unusedtoner cartridges that Ferbee won’t allowin O&E Stock, as they don’t age well,and if the printer or copier model thatused a type of cartridge is no longer oncampus, the toner cartridges will neverbe used. “Then it’s best to just put thecartridge into recycling, Ferbee noted.

All participants and volunteerswill receive a “Discover theUnknown with Science” T-shirt.Volunteer shifts will run from 8:30a.m.-1 p.m. and from 1:30-5 p.m.with more people needed for themorning shift.

“This is strictly a volunteer activ-ity,” Tyler reminds aspiring helpers.Anyone interested in more informa-tion or in volunteering for the Feb.

12 event my contact Tyler, emailTylerjlab.org or call ext. 7164.

Currently, 16 teams are registeredfor the Middle School Science Bowlslated for March 5. “This means weanticipate needing 45 volunteers to sup-port the second Science Bowl event,”Tyler says. More information about theScience Bowl in March will be forth-coming.

Continued from page 9

Science Bowl...

Lawrence Ferbee, Jr., Stockroom clerk,surrounded by some of the Odds &Ends items and materials available forJLab work.

January 2005 • ON TARGET 13

Sylvia G. Smith, long-time JLabemployee, died Nov. 12, 2004, at

home after a courageous battle withcancer. With 19 years at JLab, sheretired on Jan. 31, 2004, as anaccounts payable clerk assigned to theChief Financial Officer’s department.

Dozens of friends and co-workersvisited with her son, granddaughterand other relatives after a funeral ser-vice held at Peninsula Funeral Homeon Nov. 15. She was buried Nov. 18 atOaklawn Memorial Cemetery inWinston-Salem, N.C. A native ofKernersville, N.C., she had been aPeninsula resident for 33 years. Thefamily thanked all of Sylvia’s friendswho had tirelessly given of their timeto assist her during her illness.

She was among the first group ofemployees to reach 15 years ofemployment at the Lab. Asked afterthe November 1999 service awardsceremony, what she enjoyed mostabout working at the Lab, she hadexuberantly responded, “The best partof my job is interacting with differentpeople. I’m not stuck behind the com-puter all the time. My job has so manygood points.”

Dozens of JLab employees gath-ered in the VARC on Feb. 17, 2004, tocelebrate the career and contributions

of Smith upon her retirement. Severalyears prior, she had been beset withcancer that she fought with incrediblespunk. She was in remission at thatpoint and had decided that in the bestinterest of her co-workers she wouldretire. During her reception, seniorLab leadership, friends, supervisorsand co-workers past and present hon-ored her many accomplishments andyears of commitment and hard work atthe Lab. They also shared the manyspecial qualities and characteristicsthat made Sylvia Smith theindomitable woman she was. On thelighter side, they commented on herlove of impossibly high-heeled shoes,and her move to sensible shoes whenshe joined Finance. They smiled overthe recognizable sashay of her walk asshe went down the hall, her sarcastic“love” of Blue Sheets (an accountingform), her rubber stamp, the Redskinsfootball team, and her readiness tovolunteer at any JLab event.

“Her hard work helped to put JLabon the map,” noted former supervisorJulie Leverenz, Business Services,“and she left her mark on JLab in everso many ways, including her initials inthe concrete under CEBAF CenterWing A. She is very much lovedand will be missed along with herfeistiness.”

In MemoriamJLab mourns death of Sylvia Smith

ON TARGET • January 200514

sulting firm to conduct a detailedWork Management Review and for-mation of a Laboratory SafetyDirector position and a Director’sSafety Council. Using these resources,we have begun the process of integrat-ing improvement suggestions from thereview activities and creating a com-prehensive JLab Safety ImprovementPlan. During a January meeting withour DOE Program Director DennisKovar, he commended the Lab’srecent safety improvements: Weworked through the last quarter of cal-endar year 2004 with no reportable or

lost workday mishaps. Most recently, Isent Lab-wide a Safety CultureAssessment Survey, and I hope every-one on campus takes the time to com-plete the questionnaire by the Feb. 4deadline. I thank each of you for yourincreased attention to safety, and yourcontinued vigilance. With that we cancontinue to make the strides necessaryto sustain excellent safety perfor-mance.

Looking to the year ahead, ourexperimental program is strong anddynamic, the accelerator hardware issolid, and we are positioned to effi-

ciently carry out our first-in-class sci-entific research program. We’ve donemuch to improve safety across theLab, but we must work continually toenhance our safety culture to avoidnegatively impacting the valuable sci-ence we have to accomplish. Each ofthese elements are critical to the Lab’scontinued vitality and success, and Iapplaud your progress and ask foryour continued attention to the intel-lectual and scientific quality, opera-tional efficiency and safe conductessential to our scientific mission.

Continued from page 3

From the Director...

Youngsters flooded the CEBAF Center lobby on Dec. 11 for theJefferson Lab Children’s Holiday Party. The JLab Activities Group spon-sored event included a chance to talk with Santa Claus, and a varietyof games, arts & crafts and refreshments. Each family brought a snackto share and a new toy for the Toys for Tots drive. Test Lab employeescontributed a dozen bikes and helmets to the toy drive. Local Toys forTots representatives (a sailor and a marine) stopped by during theparty to collect the donations. For more JLab holiday stories, visit the“On Target” newsletter web page or the “We Hear That” page accessi-ble from the JLab Insider intranet page.

January 2005 • ON TARGET 15

BriefsM i l e s t o n e sM i l e s t o n e sfor Nov./Dec. 2004

Hello

Kevin Banks, Systems Administrator,Physics Division

Stephen Scheithauer, Project Planner,Office of Project Management

Delvin Whitlock, AdministrativeAssistant for 12 GeV Upgrade,Director’s Office

Goodbye

Zafer Kursun, Accelerator Operator,Accelerator Div.

Edward Martin, Staff Engineer, Accel.Div. (retired Nov. 15)

Sheila Smith, Staff Administrator,Administration Div.

Clara Perdue, Staff Administrator,Phy. Div.

Joan Sage, Staff Computer Scientist,Phy. Div. (retired Dec. 23)

Everyone at JLab urgedto attend special safetypresentation

All JLab employees, contractors,students and users are strongly encour-aged by JLab management to catch“Charlie Morecraft: Saving Lives bySpeaking Out,” a special safety pro-gram to be presented in the CEBAFCenter auditorium on Monday, Feb. 7.Special guest Charlie Morecraft willgive two riveting presentations: 9 a.m.and again at 1:15 p.m. To best accom-modate the JLab population with thelimited seating, as many AcceleratorDivision members as possible areasked to attend the morning sessionand everyone else is asked to sit in onthe afternoon session. However,attending the presentation (at eithertime) is the highest priority.

Morecraft had more than 15 yearsof experience on the job. He was agood employee — both in the eyes ofhis union and in the eyes of ExxonCorporation management. He knew allthe rules and safety regulations… andhe knew all the shortcuts around them.He was certain that nothing could gowrong when he was in control. And hewas right… until one day… This isCharlie Morecraft: an ordinary guywith an extraordinary story to tell.

He wants you to know the shock-ing fact that across this country —every 10 minutes — two people willdie in work-related mishaps and about390 will suffer a disabling injury. Andonly we can change this statistic.Please attend this powerful testimonialas Morecraft shares his life-alteringstory — one that leaves his audienceswith an increased desire and drive toimprove workplace safety.

How to determine Labstatus during, aftersevere weather

There are three ways for employ-ees, users and subcontractors to getdirect, current information on JLab’soperating schedule during and aftersevere weather. For updated, recordedmessages, call the main telephonenumber, (757) 269-7100; this line canhandle up to 16 calls simultaneously.Or call the JLab Status Line, (757)232-2000, which can receive up to 20calls at a time. Or visit the JLab web-site: www.jlab.org/. Weather closingor delay information will be given as abanner message on the main webpage. JLab closing or delay informa-tion is also given to local TV andradio stations but JLab cannot guaran-tee that the information will be posted.

BEAMS seeks volun-teers for new, springactivities

BEAMS — BecomingEnthusiastic About Math and Science— Jefferson Lab’s unique, immersionclassroom experience for 6th, 7th and8th graders is ready to begin its thirdquarter of the 2004-05 school year.

“Our new 6th grade activities arebeing well received by the students,”comments Stacy DeVeau, ScienceEducation technician. “And with thenew quarter about to start, we arepreparing a new round of activities forJLab volunteers to do with the visitingBEAMS students. Everyone — regularand new volunteers and any employeeor user interested in seeing whatBEAMS is all about — is cordiallyinvited to the BEAMS Quarter IIITraining Session. We've had wonderfulvolunteer support with our new formatthis year (classes coming for one dayfour times throughout the school year),but we're only halfway there!”

“We are grateful for the wonderfulsupport BEAMS has received from theJLab community,” DeVeau adds, “andwe hope to see lots of old and newvolunteers at our training session.”

Third quarter BEAMS activitieswill focus on the science of weathertools and equipment. Come learnsomething new and find out how youcan be involved during the months ofFebruary and March. We'll offer train-ing sessions in the classrooms (VARC,rooms 72 A/B) on Thursday, Feb. 10 at11 a.m. and again at 1 p.m.

Contact DeVeau at ext. 7560 oremail stacy@jlab.org for more infor-mation or to reserve a spot at one ofthe training sessions.

ON TARGET • January 200516

Jefferson Lab/MS 12C12000 Jefferson AvenueNewport News, VA 23606

Check Us out on the Internet:

www.jlab.orgPlease Recycle

On Target is published by theThomas Jefferson National AcceleratorFacility, a national nuclear physicsresearch laboratory in Newport News,VA, operated by the SoutheasternUniversities Research Association forthe U.S. Department of Energy’s Officeof Science. News items are published ona space-available basis and are subject toediting. Submit news items to theJefferson Lab Public Affairs Office,MS12C, 12000 Jefferson Avenue,Newport News, VA 23606.

EditorsLinda Ware

Debbie MagaldiContributing WritersKandice Carter

Judi Tull

PhotographerGreg Adams

for Jefferson Lab, the special theory ofrelativity provided the theoretical basisthat made particle accelerators possible.

“Einstein's contributions to physicsin the year 1905 are at the core ofcharged particle accelerators and col-liders. These machines have ushered inthe exciting productive era of high-energy particle and nuclear physics inthe twentieth century,” says JLabAccelerator Division AssociateDirector Swapan Chattopadhyay.

“Our electrons travel extremelyclose to the velocity of light, the realmof special relativity,” adds ChiefScientist Thomas. “So basically, with-out Einstein, we wouldn't have theability to deal with the electrons orknow about the photons they emit andbe able to use them for physics. It'spretty clear that Einstein, in 1905, setthe groundwork for everything we dohere.”

In particular, Einstein was the firstto declare a universal speed limit.Inherent in the special theory of rela-tivity is the idea that nothing maytravel faster than the speed of light.“And in our case,” explainsAccelerator Division DeputyAssociate Director Andrew Hutton,“our electrons are moving at aboutthe speed of light in the accelerator.That means that particles goingthrough our accelerator are travelingat practically the same speed in everypass. Without that, CEBAF would notwork, because the particles would betraveling at different speeds, and youcouldn't keep everything in phase.”

“Essentially everything about theaccelerator and the experiments wedo, you can't analyze, understand orinterpret them, or even make theaccelerator work without understand-ing, in your heart, the special theory

World Year of Physics...

of relativity,” points out Physic ADCardman.

Physicists continue to use, test andfurther elucidate the theories first intro-duced by Einstein a hundred years ago.Here at Jefferson Lab, we’re honoringhis work by exploring the inner realmsof matter that couldn’t be reached inEinstein’s time by taking to heart andutilizing his contributions to science.

Continued from page 2