World War One Chapter 11
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Transcript of World War One Chapter 11
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World War OneChapter 11
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World War I
Causes of the war1. Nationalism
a. Definition: pride in your countryb. Competition between countries2. Colonial rivalry a. Battle for colonies (Asia/ Africa)b. Small skirmishes3. Military Build-up a. Arms race-money for arming themselves b. Technology of weapons
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Size of Military
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Colonial Rivalry
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Causes of the war 4. Triple Alliance
Members: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Goal: protect each other
5. Triple EntenteMembers: Great Britain , France, RussiaGoal: protect one another
6. Assassination: Franz FerdinandHeir to the throne of Austria-HungaryBlack Hand: terrorist group/ assassin: GavriloPrincipAnti Austrian-Hungary feelingsMisunderstanding A-H, Serbia, Germany
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=assassination+of+franz+ferdinand&qs=VI&form=QBVR&pq=assassination+of+fr&sc=8-19&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=18685579A228C59B81E918685579A228C59B81E9
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Alliances
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World War ISeries of misunderstandings • Austria-Hungary blames Serbia (connected to
Russia) for assassination• The war has nothing to do with Great Britain,
France, Germany, or Italy• They got involved because they were part of an
alliance• Military-Size
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWarmies1914.htm
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How It Starts
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President Woodrow Wilson
• Wilson Bio http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson
• Facts http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/presidents-day/woodrow-wilson/facts.html
• Edith Wilson http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29
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American InvolvementPresident Wilson
Policy of neutrality (not taking sides) (1914-1917)Wilson is a pacifist America gives aid to Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia)Is this being neutral?Causes of USA involvement
1. Sinking of US ships Lusitania- British passenger ship. American citizens on board. (over 100 killed): This fueled Americans’ anger towards Germany
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Germany’s Warning
Sinking of Lusitania http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sURi21sJsWc
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Ammunition on Board?
A dive team from Cork Sub Aqua Club, diving under license, discovered 15,000 rounds of the .303 (7.7×56mmR) caliber rifle ammunition transported on Lusitania.In December 2008, Gregg Bemis's dive team estimated a further four million rounds of .303 ammunition were on the ship.Is this right?
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Causes of USA Involvement
2. Propaganda- information or ideas methodically spread to promote or injure a cause, movement, nation. (Positive or negative) – To sell a product or idea or persuade you to think
in a certain way. – Examples: commercials, advertisements, movie
trailers, lawn signs. – Purpose of propaganda is to convince
the USA to enter the war.
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Propaganda Types• Bandwagon: everybody’s doing it. • Testimonial: Famous person uses
product. (endorsement)• Plain folks: everyday people use
product.• Transfer: symbols or quotes used that
are not associated with product. • Logical Fallacies: If one thing is true, it
must always be true for someone else.
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Examples
Bandwagon Testimonial
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Propaganda Types
• Glittering generalities: in the name of democracy, family values, rights, civilization, even the word, “American”.
• Name calling: using a negative image. • Jingles: songs or rhymes for you to sing and
remember. • Emotional: any other advertisements that invoke
an emotion. (fear, pride, anger, concerned.)
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Examples
Name Calling Emotional
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Examples of Propaganda
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Examples of propaganda
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llZ6k4gfrCw
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdLsQcYyAcc&feature=related
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Causes of US Involvement
• 3. Zimmerman Telegram– Sent to Mexico from Germany– Germany asks Mexico to invade the U.S.– With the goal to preoccupy the U.S.– Keep U.S. out of Europe
Reaction of U.S. people– Angered the people which led to war.– Declare war: bully to victim– Took U.S. from neutrality to becoming a member of the
Allies– http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger-image.ht
ml?i=/education/lessons/zimmermann/images/decoded-message-l.jpg&c=/education/lessons/zimmermann/images/decoded-message.caption.html
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War on the Home FrontPower of the Government increases Mobilizing the economy
Operate nation as one industry Government: What to make, how much it
costs, and how many Government: Sets wages, type of job, work
hours, no labor strikes allowed
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Government Power-IncreasesFuel Administration
Ration of fuel – gas, oil, coalDaylight savings time: created to save electricityHOW??
Food AdministrationRationing food
Meat-less Tuesdays Wheat-less Wednesdays
Victory gardens: grow you own food Other products: (recycling) Rationed cigarettes, alcohol, metal/ recycle, and food products
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Daylight Savings Time
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Daylight Saving Time• http://www.bing.com/videos/se
arch?q=Daylight+Saving+Time+In+North+America&Form=R5FD1#view=detail&mid=509B1CE4EA830E5F73E1509B1CE4EA830E5F73E1
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War on the Home Front Role of women
Women went to workBecame head of family/householdStill denied the right to vote!
Funding the warCost of WWI- $3.3 billion, $10 billion to Allies USA spent $44 million per dayRaise money or funding by increasing taxesIncome tax, sales tax, sin taxSell bonds: war bonds, liberty bonds, savings bonds Personal loans: US government pays back with interest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXhmGzBQdo
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Buy A Bond
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War on the Home FrontLoss of Individual Rights
Loss of 1st Amendment rightsCreation of loyalty leaguesOath of loyalty• Encouraged to spy on each other• Illegal to criticize the president
Censorship : newspapers, magazines, radio Sell the war to Americans (propaganda that gives positives of the war)
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Schenck v USALimit of Personal Freedom 1st amendment: Freedom of speech, Freedom of religion, press, expressionCan it be limited?Charles Schenck- got arrested – USA Socialist party– Article-Draft=Slavery– Draft/Deed against humanity– He violated the espionage act (interfere with war)
and the sedition act (illegal to criticize the USA.)
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Schenck v USA
Results of case: Schenck is found guilty Supreme Court of USA 9-0 upheld conviction 3 other cases: they upheld the convictionIndividual rights are less important then the good of the country in time of war! Is this right or wrong? Supreme Court-Studentshttp://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-informed/supreme-court/landmark-supreme-court-cases-about-students.aspxCan it be limited?http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=when+can+1st+amendment+be+violated&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=4FE9B82F68A14651C8CA4FE9B82F68A14651C8CA
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Peace SettlementsWilson’s 14 Points
President Woodrow Wilson Goal: Prevent another war. Keep peace in the world The Plan
– a. No secret treaties– b. freedom of the seas– c. free trade– d. Limit size of the military– e. end colonial rivalry– f. re-draw band of Europe (change the map)– g. create the League of Nations (United Nations)
US does not participate-Why?
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Peace SettlementsBig 4 Conference
Who was there?USA: Wilson
Great Britain: GeorgeFrance : ClemenceauItaly: Orlando
Goal: Create treaty and prevent another warIs it a success or failure?
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Peace Settlements Demands
USA: Adoption of the 14 pointsGreat Britain:Revenge against Germany War reparations ($) ColoniesWar guilt (they blame Germany, but Germany is not responsible for starting the war)France: Revenge against GermanyWar reparations ($)War guilt Create buffer state (Rhineland) Italy : Territory
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Versailles Treaty
Treaty is signed by all except USA (never ratified) Why? USA IsolationismProvisions (Germany): War reparations-Final Payment http://abcnews.go.com/International/germany-makes-final-reparation-payments-world-war/story?id=11755920
Rhineland is demilitarizedWar guilt- Admit that Germany started the warRedraw some boundaries of EuropeColonies become mandates of League Creation of League of Nations (US never joined)
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Post War Issues
Economic Depressions-World-wideHigh unemploymentChange in government/Fall of monarchiesIntroduction to communism (Russia becomes the Soviet Union)Resentment (revenge)/ Germany/War guilt USA adopts the policy of isolationism– Never joins the League of Nations– Never signs the Versailles Treaty
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Wilson Quote
“ I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method by which to prevent it.”President WilsonI know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.Albert Einstein