World War II 1939-1945. People to Know Alliances Axis Germany Japan Italy Allied Britain France USSR...
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![Page 1: World War II 1939-1945. People to Know Alliances Axis Germany Japan Italy Allied Britain France USSR U.S.A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649eda5503460f94be9286/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World War II1939-1945
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People to Know
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Alliances
Axis• Germany• Japan• Italy
Allied• Britain • France• USSR• U.S.A.
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Signs of Foreign Danger
• Rise of dictators• Joseph Stalin, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini
• Germany rearms 1935-1936• Ideology of expansionism
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Causes of WWII
• Failure of the League of Nations• U.S. and Germany not apart
• Militarism • Invasion of Rhineland• Feelings of nationalism• Failure of appeasement• Invasion of Poland• Alliances
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Failure of the League/Treaty
• War Guilt Clause• Disarmament• No bases in Rhineland• Not apart of the League of Nations
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Hitler’s Rise to Power=Problem
• 1919: Nazi Party• 1933: Chancellor• 1934-1936: rearms• March 7, 1936: enters Rhineland• 1938: Annexed Austria• 1939: Takes control of Czech• 1939: Invasion of Poland• 1939-1941: the take over of France &
Britain
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Major Events
• Take over of France• Battle of Britain• Pearl Harbor- Dec 7, 1941
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Japanese Empire
• Expanded spheres of influence in E. Asia• WWI: apart of the Allies• 1920’s-1930’s Economic Depression• 1930: 65 mil ppl (needed resources)
• Expansion, Manchuria (Military)• Kellogg-Briand Pact failed
• 1937: Chinese Invasion• “Epidemic of world lawlessness is
spreading”- FDR
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U.S.A
• Isolationism• So while hundreds are being killed…the
US is…. “neutral” 1935-1937• No loans• No weapons• Cash & Carry goods
• Did we learn from our WWII mistakes?
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U.S.
• Invasion of Poland• Wanted to send aid (FDR)• Revision of Neutrality Acts (dead)• 1940 (France conquered, Britain NEXT)• 1940 Presidential Election• Lend Lease Act 1941: $49 Billion Worth• 1940: Japanese trade restrictions on US
products (embargo, oil)
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“ a day that will live in INFAMY”
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U.S. Fights Back
• Selective Service Act: 21-36• Boosted defense spending• GI:16 Million• Minorities fighting
• Tuskegee Airmen• Navajo “code talker”• 350K Women• 300K Mexican Americans• 25K Native Americans
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U.S. Economy for War
• Heavy gov’t intervention in economy• War Production Board: agency
• 300,000 Airplanes• 80,000 landing crafts• 100,000 tanks• 5.600 merchant ships• 6 million rifles, machine guns• 41 billion rounds of ammunition
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U.S. Economy for War
• Increase need of employment• Union membership rose• Taxes paid for 41% of war cost• $8.9Bil a year to $95.2 Bill a year• $321 Billion• $186 Bond sales• Increased debt about 5X’s
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Home Front• Black Markets (higher priced goods)• shortages led to rationing• Movies and entertainment• Read books and magazines• Victory gardens• Recycling• Rosies
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Atlantic Charter• FDR & Churchill meet• March 1941• Discuss war aim’s and guiding principles
• No territorial gains• No territorial changes• Respect’s ppl/countries form of political system• Peace and safety within ppl’s boundaries• Abandon the “use of force”
• BASIS of the UNITED NATIONS
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Americans Join the Struggle
• Battle in the Atlantic• “the wolf pack”
• North Africa Campaign• Allied & Axis sent
reinforcements• May 1943 Axis troops
surrendered
• Invasion of Italy 1943-1945• Heavy fighting before/after
Rome
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War in the Soviet Union
• Broke pact with Stalin• Invaded U.S.S.R.• E. Europe gladly welcomed Hitler• 10 days Soviets retreat?!?• Lend-Lease helps• Battle of Stalingrad 1942-1943
• 1 Mil Soviets• 330K Germans
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Operation Overload
• Invasion of Normandy….from Britain• June 6, 1944• 4,600 invasion warcrafts and ships • 25,000 airborne men• Liberation of France• Battle of the Bulge
• Largest battle of WWII• Nazi’s saw the war was lost
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War Ends in Europe
• Drive towards Germany from E & W• April 1945 conquered Berlin
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Holocaust
• Persecution of Jews• Restrictions, murder, genocide