World War IUnit 7

World War I• 1914-1918• Caused by competition and industrial nations

in Europe and failure of diplomacy– What is diplomacy?

• The war transformed European and American Life, wrecked economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for World War II.

At the Outbreak……The United States tried to remain neutral!

Watch

Repair

SHOP

Dress Shop

Candy Store

Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand

• Franz Ferdinand: heir to Austro-Hungarian throne• Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, visited

Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia) and rode through the streets in an open car on June 28, 1914

• Assassin: Gavrilo Princip, Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand (Serbian Nationalist Group)– Secret society committed to ridding Bosnia of

Austrian rule• Austria attempted to punish Serbia since Princip

was Serbian– This led to the beginning of World War I

Facts of WWI• MAIN causes:– Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

• The Allies (Britain, France, and Russia) fought against the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary).

• There were two battlefronts, the eastern and the western.– On the western front, fighting quickly reached a bloody

stalemate with both sides dug into trenches.• Submarine warfare (using U-Boats) in the Atlantic

threatened American neutrality.

Lusitania

German U-

Boat

Sinking of the Lusitania:United States enters the Great

War

German Provocation #1

The Zimmerman Note:The United States enters the Great War

Germany

Mexico

Dear Mexico,

Please be our ally and join us in this GREAT

WAR and fight against your enemy, the United

States, for all of the suffering and pain they

have caused your country in the past. We NEED you and besides

you could get some revenge!

Sincerely,

Germany

This made the United States intercepted the telegram and it made them MAD…….Germany WANTED them to find out about the note. It was part of their plan to get the US to enter the war.

German Provocation #2

German U-

Boat

German U-Boat Warfare:United States enters the Great War

German Provocation #3

After an agreement between the neutral United States and the German Central Powers’ government that

Germany would stop U-Boat warfare they continued. The sinking of the Lusitania was one of the last things

the United States could bare.

U.S.A. enters WWIIn 1917 the United States entered the war on

the side of the Allies.

• German provocations (what does that mean?) early in 1917– Sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman note– To provoke—defense

• Tens of thousands of American soldiers were rushed to Europe to turn back a huge assault launched by Germany.

ON the home Front......

The war called for an all-out effort on the home front to support the Allies.

• The federal government undertook strict economic planning (war goods produced in factories), massive conscription (the draft), and propaganda campaigns.

• The labor shortage created new opportunities for women and brought many African Americans from the south to cities in the north.

• Voluntary efforts by citizens did much to help the war effort.

Major Events of WWI• Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Franz Ferdinand

– World War I begins• America enters war April 1917

– Due to sinking of unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans

– Germans ignored warnings from President Wilson and sunk three American ships

• Russia leaves the war after Bolshevik Revolution begins—March 1918

• The war ended in ALLIED victory– November 11, 1918

Outcomes of Global War

• Colonies participation in the war increased their demand for independence.

• END of Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, Austro-Hungarian Empires

• ENORMOUS cost of war in lives, property, and social disruption.

Woodrow Wilson’s hopes for a fair and lasting peace were frustrated.