World War I: The U.S. in the War

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World World War War I: I: The U.S. The U.S. in the War in the War

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World War I: The U.S. in the War. Military Situation. For the Allies : French/British running out of troops British ships being sunk at an alarming rate by U-boats Italians suffering reverses Russia appears to be on their way out of the war. For the U.S. : Needed to mobilize for war - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of World War I: The U.S. in the War

Page 1: World War I: The U.S. in the War

WorldWorld

WarWar I:I:The U.S. in The U.S. in

the Warthe War

WorldWorld

WarWar I:I:The U.S. in The U.S. in

the Warthe War

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wFor the U.S.:– Needed to mobilize

for war • Only120,000 enlisted

& 80,000 Nat. Guard • Needed to train &

equip millions (Selective Service Act)

– Can’t influence war until large # of troops get to Europe

wFor the Allies:– French/British

running out of troops

– British ships being sunk at an alarming rate by U-boats

– Italians suffering reverses

– Russia appears to be on their way out of the war

Military SituationMilitary Situation

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Military Situation Military Situation (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

w Based on the map, why would Russia leaving the war present a major problem for the Allies?

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Americans in the FightAmericans in the Fightw American Expeditionary

Force (AEF) – – led by General John J.

Pershing– Many drafted, many sign up

• “War to End All Wars”

– “Doughboys” – nickname, named for buttons on uniforms

– Segregation in Armed Services – AAs volunteered & drafted

– Enter fight in 1918, kept as separate fighting unit

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Americans in the FightAmericans in the Fight (cont’d)(cont’d)

w On the Sea:– Convoy System – groups of ships sailing together,

protected by warships– successful transportation of U.S. troops/supplies – significantly reduced U-boats effectiveness

w On Land – – Germans mount offensive (1918) in attempt to defeat

Allies before the Americans coming can make a difference – Germans within 56 miles of Paris

– Halted with help of American troops – Save Paris– Allied Counterattack

– Newer British tanks with Am. Troops begin to break German lines

– Allies take the “Hindenburg Line” – Germany’s strongest defense line

– Sept. 26 – Final assault – over 1 million AEF troops move Germans out of France

– Beginning of the end – cut supply lines– http://history.howstuffworks.com/world-war-i/world-war-i-in-1918.htm#

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ArmisticeArmistice““The 11The 11thth Hour of the 11 Hour of the 11thth Day of the 11 Day of the 11thth Month” Month”““The 11The 11thth Hour of the 11 Hour of the 11thth Day of the 11 Day of the 11thth Month” Month”

w Armistice – ceasefire – November 11, 1918 at 11:00 – the fighting stops

What Effects did the U.S. have on

the War?

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Costs of War -Casualties Costs of War -Casualties Countries

TotalMobilized

Killed& Died

WoundedPrisoners& Missing

TotalCasualties

Casualties %

of MobilizedAllied Powers            

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1

United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8

Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7

Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0

TOTAL 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3Central Powers            

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0Ottoman Empire 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2

Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2TOTAL 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4GRAND TOTAL 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6

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Casualties in WWICasualties in WWI

w Who from the Central Powers had the most Who from the Central Powers had the most dead? The most wounded?dead? The most wounded?

w Who from the Allied Powers had the most dead? Who from the Allied Powers had the most dead? The most wounded?The most wounded?

w What percentage of soldiers mobilized ended up What percentage of soldiers mobilized ended up as casualties for the Allied Powers? For the as casualties for the Allied Powers? For the Central Powers?Central Powers?

w How many Americans were killed? Wounded?How many Americans were killed? Wounded?w What problems/difficulties might arise in What problems/difficulties might arise in

creating the peace between these nations?creating the peace between these nations?