World War I “The Great War” 1914 - 1918. Important things to remember… EUROPE IS A CONTINENT...
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Transcript of World War I “The Great War” 1914 - 1918. Important things to remember… EUROPE IS A CONTINENT...
World War I“The Great War”
1914 - 1918
Important things to remember…
EUROPE IS A CONTINENT NOT A
COUNTRY
WAR BEGINS AND THEN THE US
ENTERS
“WORLD WAR” MEANS MANY COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AT WAR AT THE SAME TIME…DOESN’T MEAN
THE ENTIRE WORLD IS AT WAR
Franz and Sophie Ferdinand Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire Assassinated June 28, 1914 by the
“Black Hand” A group of Bosnia Herzegovina who
wanted to leave the Austro-Hungarian Empire and join Seria
First hand account Recipe for WWI
Causes of War
After the Ferdinand’s death Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an unacceptable ultimatum, to which Serbia consented almost entirely.
Germany promises to back Austria-Hungary
Russia promises to back Serbia and France promises to back Russia
Falling Dominoes (1914) July 28 -Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia August 1 - Germany declared war on Russia August 2 – Germany declared war on France Belgium wanted to remain neutral, but
Germany invaded Belgium to attack France. This prompted Britain to declare war on Germany.
World War I had begun.
AlliesAllied Powers
or AlliesBritainFranceRussia
Italy (1915)
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Germany
Ottoman Empire
So what was everyone’s problem?
Ethnic Groups! Many ethnic groups made up large
empires in Europe (Austria-Hungary Empire)
Each ethnic group wanted to be free of their empire to form their own country (Bosnia-Herzegovina or “Black Hand”)
Each ethnic group felt nationalism towards their group not their country
Other problems in Europe
Countries felt they needed strong militaries to be safe. As one country’s military increased, other countries felt unsafe and increased their military.
This lead to countries making alliances with each other and becoming allies, incase a war ever broke out.
US Involvement
May 7, 1915 a U-boat (submarine) sank the British passenger ship the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland.
128 Americans were killedWe decide to wait…
1917 Germany said they would sink any ships in British waters
German U-boats sank 3 US merchant ships, killing many Americans
April 6, 1917 the US joined the Allied Forces
“The world must be made safe for democracy.”
Changes in the US - Men Military Draft – the military did not have
enough people so the “draft” was created How the draft worked:
1. Men between the ages of 18-30 had to register with the Draft Board
2. As more people were needed, names were pulled to send men over to war
Changes in the US - Women
Women were not allowed to fight in war
Women were allowed to serve in medical jobs in the war
Women had to take over jobs that were left by men who were overseas
Women on the Farm
Woman in a Factory
Changes in the US – Daily Life War Industries Board – helped to
insure products that were needed for the war were made
Food Administration – paid farmers to raise more crops to send overseas and asked Americans to conserve food by growing “Victory Gardens”
Changes in the US – Daily Life Fuel Administration – helped save fuel
and coal, created Daylights Savings time (work during daylight hours so no fuel is needed for lights)
Taxes and War bonds – taxes were increased and the government sold war bonds (you invest your money in government and they pay you back after war)
Victory Garden Poster
New Weapons German machine gun – fired hundreds of
rounds per minute British tanks German poison gas Gas mask provided protection for G.P.G Airplanes and bombs dropped by them German U-boats or submarines
Gasmask and Machine Gun
Gas mask
Tank
Airplane (Possible)
Aircraft Carrier (USS Langley)
German U-Boat Captured by US
New War Techniques U-boats to surprise attack No-Man’s-Land – territory, between
trenches, that was covered in barbed wire, land mines, and bombs (p. 298)
Dropping bombs from planes Tanks to plow over dangerous land Throwing gas into tanks because bullets
and bombs didn’t hurt them
The War Ends
November 11, 1918
Germany surrenderedGermany signed an
armistice (very much like a treaty)
Treaty of Versailles
Ended WWI and set up the League of Nations
US Senate did not approve of the treaty and did not vote for it
Isolationism
Remaining separated from the rest of the world
Isolationism describes the attitude the US Senate wished the US would return to after WWI