World War I

Chapter 10

Crazy Absurd assignment

• WWI in Pictures• Groups of 3-4• Develop a Magazine with brief descriptions• Mainly Pictures• YES YOU MUST HAVE AN MLA

WORKS CITED FOR ALL YOUR PICTURES

• Due 11/8 blue 11/9 gold

Bell-Ringer

• Bellringer –Objectives– Identify the causes of WWI– Describe the course and character of the war– Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side

of the allies

Watch this first

Nationalism & Competition• Why would nationalism affect the feelings of

Americans at the beginning of World War I?

Americans were from all over the world and would show allegiance to their home

country.

Nationalism & Competition

• Many Europeans believed different ethnic groups should become a single group

• Social Darwinism

• Weakened old empires (Ottoman & Austria-Hungary)– Serbia challenged Austria-

Hungary

• Economy, industrial output, trade, and possessions measured the greatness

Alsace-Lorraine

Militarism

Germany 1.9 million 17

Austria-Hungary 500,000 3

Russia 1.4 million 4

France 1.3 million 10

Britain 175,000 29

United States 100,000 10

Military strength 1914 Troops Warships

Huge increase in arms and standing armies = ARMS RACEMachine guns, mobile artillery, tanks, planes, and subs

Please see page 286 to get a grip on all the weapons and

their force

Alliances

• Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled several ethnic groups.

• Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.

• This led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

The Black Hand..• The main objective of

the Black Hand was the creation, by means of violence, of a Greater Serbia.

• Its stated aim was: "To realize the national ideal, the unification of all Serbs. This organization prefers terrorist action to cultural activities; it will therefore remain secret."

The spark that lit the fuse….

• The one event that started the Great War happened in the Balkans.

• The Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austria) was assassinated while visiting Serbia.

• The Black Hand was responsible….

1. June 28Assassination at Sarajevo

2. July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

3. July 30Russia began mobilization

4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia

Alliances – The Fighting BeginsGerman Kaiser William II assures Austria-Hungary they have their back

5. August 3Germany declared war on France

6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany

7. August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war.

8. August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

Alliances

The Domino Effect

AlliancesAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied Powers

Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy

Central Central PowersPowersCentral Central PowersPowers

Germany

Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Turkey

Kaiser William II

“You will be home before the leaves have fallen from the trees!!”

The Fighting Begins

• After a fast start the Germans were within 30 miles of Paris France – The Capital

• Britain and France stopped them near the Marne River

• Germans kill thousands with artillery & machine guns

• What to do?– Build Trenches… 1000s of miles of trenches

• The Western Front would be where the war was won.

• William II promised a quick victory – oops– Defensive weapons were better than the offensive ones

– Offense was like the Chiefs (2009) futile

– Led to a stalemate

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Just in case

Trench Warfare• Trench Foot

• Rats

• Lice

• Poison gas

• Snipers

• In between – “No man’s Land”

• Casualties– In one day Britain lost

60,000

US Neutrality• Melting pot has divided loyalties

• Most sided with Britain and France

• German invasion of Belgium swayed most– Isolationists – none of our business

– Interventionists – help the allies

– Internationalists – work for world peace

• American Businesses benefited from warring nations– Both sides

Wilson prepares for War

Preparedness Movement

Ties to Great Britain led to development of National Security League – promote patriotic education & national sentiment & service among people of the US. Setup training camps & expanded armed forces.

Peace Movement

Advocates – former populists, Midwest progressives, & social reformers

Women like Jane Austin were very active

Congress made sure the public understood war was expensive. Wanted to place taxes on arms makers & increase income taxes to pay for preparation.

Why the U.S. could not stay neutralSinking of the Lusitania

–Germany promises not to do it again

The Zimmerman Note

The Russian Revolution–With no one to fight in the east, Germany can focus on the Western Front

The sinking of 3 Merchant Ships

–After sinking a French ship, Germany sinks three ships related to US territory

X

Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March

1916. Germany promised not to sink

anymore ships.

Berlin, January 19, 1917Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of FebruaryFebruary we intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfareunrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutralneutral the United States of America.

If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliancealliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizonaterritory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement....

You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with

with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan;

at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the

attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make

peace in a few months.

Zimmerman (Secretary of State) Zimmerman (Secretary of State)

Qiukcly in yuor ntoes

1. Identify and explain the causes of WWI

• Describe the course and character of the war

• Explain why the US entered the conflict on the side of the allies

Chapter 10 WWI

Section 2

Objectives

• Analyze how the American government mobilized the public to support the war.

• Describe the opposition to the war.

• Outline significant social changes that occurred during the war.

Back Home• America Mobilizes

– Build an Army• Selective Service Act (9.6 million enlisted and assigned)

• 24 million Entered only 2.8 actually drafted

– War Economy• WIB – regulated all wartime industries (Bernard Baruch)

• Economy Boomed (Why?)

• Herbert Hoover – FDA – Meatless Wednesdays

– Public Opinion• Committee on Public Information (CPI) – causes/nature

• George Creel – sell the war to America (75 million + informative bytes to the American public

                                       

How to mobilize?

• Muh naaaa

• Build and Army duh

• Introducing George Creel

What was the job of George Creel during the war?

• His job was to sell America the war.

• Creel tried to “whip” up support for Wilson’s ideas

• Help US raise money to fight

Opposition and it’s Consequences

• Evading the draft

• NAWSA

• Espionage Act

• CPI. No not CSI – CPI

• Oh wait, there is sooooooooooo much more

• WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Council of National Council of National DefenseDefense

Council of National Council of National DefenseDefense War Industries Board War Industries Board

Bernard BaruchBernard Baruch

Food Administration Food Administration Herbert HooverHerbert Hoover

Fuel Administration Fuel Administration Daylight savingsDaylight savings

War Labor PoliciesWar Labor Policies Set wages, hours, & working conditionsSet wages, hours, & working conditions

National War Labor Board National War Labor Board William Howard Taft William Howard Taft

Changes to American Society

• Women get their chance to show their metal

• As things change, some things remain the same

• Oh my migration patterns again (wink,wink). What were those Mexicans up to.

American Society• Women gain new opportunities

– “vital to the war effort” Men are gone who is going to do the work

• African Americans– Great Migration – north – land of hope

(CLE)– JOBS JOBS JOBS – Chicago Defender

• Mexican Americans– South and West– JOBS JOBS JOBS– Barrios began popping up all over the

California’s Imperial Valley

Hrruy UP we aer amlost dnoe

• List the reasoning behind the US entrance into WWI.

• Explain the effect that the country’s entrance into WWI had on politics, the economy, and people’s attitudes at home.

Next time

• Read Chapter 10 section 3&4

• Chapter 9-10 test will be 11/8 (blue) 11/9 (gold)

• WWI in Pictures