• 12/16 Focus: – Advances in weaponry, from improvements

to the machine gun and airplane, to the invention of the tank and the use of poison gas, led WWI to be an enormously destructive war between industrialized nations .

• Important Terms: – Trench Warfare, Stalemate, Attrition

• Do Now:– What were the four primary causes of

WWI?

World War I

An Industrialized War

The Balkan Powder Keg• Serbian nationalists

wanted to unite Serbs in the Balkans– Create a Slavic state– Austria-Hungary

opposed this effort

• Austria- Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina – Large number of Serbs – Angered Serbian

nationalists

The Spark

MilitarismAlliances

Imperialism Nationalism

June, 28, 1914: Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, Assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary in Sarajevo

The Powder Keg

Boom

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

THE ALLIANCE SYSTEM TRIGGERED

?

?

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

Russia mobilizes army to the border with A-H

Germany declares war on Russia

Germany declares war on France

Great Britain declares war on Germany

Outbreak of WarAustria-Hungary blames Serbia for death of Archduke and makes harsh demands

Serbia refused to comply with demands

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (July 28 1914)

Russia moves troops to border with Austria and Germany

Germany declares war on Russia

Germany declares war on France

Germany invades Belgium as part of plan to invade France (August 3, 1914)

Great Britain declares war on Germany

The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan

The Allied PowersThe Central Powers

Germany

Austria Hungary

Ottoman Empire

Russia

Great Britain

France

United States

U.S. joined the war in 1917

A Multi-Front War

• Western Front– Across Belgium

and N. France to Swiss border

• Eastern Front– Baltic to Black

Sea

• Africa and the Middle East

Trench Warfare• Both sides dug deep

Trenches along the front

– Trenches along the front provided protection from bullets and artillery shells

– Support trenches behind the lines provided first aid, supplies, and headquarters

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_vt_dugout_int.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_vt_frontline.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_vt_dugout_ext.shtml

Trench Warfare

• No Man’s Land– Area between

Trenches – Military leaders sent

“men over the top” in an attempt to take the other sides trenches

– Men had to cross no man’s land while being shelled and shot at by machine guns

Trench Warfare

• Trenches were dug in a zig-zag pattern so that they could not be easily taken by intruding enemies

Aerial view of a trench system(1917)

Trench Warfare

Each trench had a listening post at the end, where men would sit at night and listen for any sounds.

Trench Warfare

Flooding was a constant problem and this led to numerous cases of rat infestation

Trench Warfare

• Stalemate– Neither side was

able to make any major advances on the enemy trenches

– lead to fighting a war of attrition

• Cause large numbers of causalities so the enemy gets tired of fighting

New Weapons and Technology

• The Machine Gun

New Weapons and Technology

• Airplanes and Zeppelins

The Zeppelin

New Weapons and Technology

• The Tank

New Weapons and Technology• Poison Gas

New Weapons and Technology

• Submarines (U-Boats)