World War I
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Transcript of World War I
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World War I
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Long Term Causes of WWI Militarism Aggressive preparation
for war (spending money on weapons and planning for war).
Alliance System The alliances formed for security made war between all European countries more likely.
Imperialism European countries competed for control of colonies all over the world.
Nationalism Nations acted in their own national self interest. Also, ethnic groups without their own nation usually attempted to form their own country.
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The Road to War . . . 12.1Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia are assassinated in Bosnia.
Alike in size and strength, neither side could gain an advantage, resulting in a Stalemate.
A-H blames Serbia and declares war
Russia mobilizes to defend Serbia
Ger & A-H demand Russia stop mobilization
France and Germany begin to mobilize when Russia refuses
Germany declaresWar on Russia
Germany uses the Schlieffen Plan to knock out France
By crossing thruBelgium, Germany causes GB to declareWar on Germany
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Stalemate The Germans advanced into France but
were stopped 30 miles outside Paris. The two sides reached a stalemate with
trenches dug on both sides and a “no man’s land” in between.
Germany had hoped to take out France and then deal with Russia. However, the Russians were moving westward so Germany diverted troops from the Western Front to deal with Russia.
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From Cheers to Tears Soldiers marched off to war in pep
rally like send-offs with ideas that the war would be over in weeks or months.
New, modern weapons like machine guns, hand grenades, poison gas and artillery made standard military strategy obsolete.
No one bothered to tell the generals and thousands died in desperate, fruitless attempts to attack the enemy.
At the Battle of the Somme, the British lost 20,000 troops in one day.
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“Over the top” Final scene from Gallipoli.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eeijbtbnjQ
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The American Response Many Americans were surprised that such
civilized countries could not avoid war. Many German-Americans and Irish-Americans
disliked Britain and favored the Central Powers. Most Americans supported Great Britain. Also,
many immigrants were from Italy or areas ruled by Austria-Hungary and hoped that those regions could win their independence if Austria-Hungary lost.
Germany also seemed to be less democratic and more warlike than the other European countries. This swayed many to support the Allies.
Propaganda was another reason public opinion swayed against Germany as British newspapers published stories designed to gain support.
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Kadaververwertungsanstalt
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Neutrality
Those sympathetic to Great Britain influenced the nation’s leaders to promote “patriotic education”.
They also persuaded the government to increase spending on the armed forces.
Preparedness
The United States had seen its trade with Europe skyrocket in the years leading up to the war.
President Wilson proclaimed the U.S. neutral and protested the actions of both sides.