World War I 12.4 The War’s End & Aftermath. Allied Offensive Summer 1917 Launched without the aid...
-
Upload
aubrey-reynolds -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of World War I 12.4 The War’s End & Aftermath. Allied Offensive Summer 1917 Launched without the aid...
World War IWorld War I12.412.4
The War’s End & The War’s End & AftermathAftermath
Allied OffensiveAllied Offensive
Summer 1917Summer 1917
Launched without the aid of US Launched without the aid of US soldiers on the western frontsoldiers on the western front
Failed miserablyFailed miserably
Morale decreasesMorale decreases
US troops needed badlyUS troops needed badly
Russian RevolutionRussian RevolutionMarch 1917March 1917Russian workers walked out of Russian workers walked out of factories and protestedfactories and protestedWorkers demanded:Workers demanded:-A Change in the Government-A Change in the Government-An end to the war-An end to the warCzar Nicholas II was overthrownCzar Nicholas II was overthrown
Russian RevolutionRussian RevolutionNov. 1917Nov. 1917
BolsheviksBolsheviks seize power seize power
= Group of Russian Socialists= Group of Russian Socialists
Vladimir Lenin – Bolshevik LeaderVladimir Lenin – Bolshevik Leader
Opposed WWI and removed Russia Opposed WWI and removed Russia from itfrom it
March 1918 signs treaty with Central March 1918 signs treaty with Central PowersPowers
German Offensive For German Offensive For VictoryVictory
March 21, 1918March 21, 19181 million Germans attack1 million Germans attackDeepest advance since 1914. Deepest advance since 1914.
Late May 1918Late May 1918Allies pushed back to Marne River outside Allies pushed back to Marne River outside ParisParisUS General Pershing agrees to allow US US General Pershing agrees to allow US troops to fight under French Leader troops to fight under French Leader Marshal FochMarshal Foch
German Offensive For German Offensive For VictoryVictory
Big Bertha –Big Bertha –
–German guns capable of firing German guns capable of firing 2,100 pound shells almost nine 2,100 pound shells almost nine milesmiles
Very effective weapon for the Very effective weapon for the Germans during this offensiveGermans during this offensive
German Offensive For VictoryGerman Offensive For Victory
Paris is saved –Paris is saved –
US forces able to turn the tideUS forces able to turn the tideUS & French troops stop the US & French troops stop the Germans at Germans at Chateau-ThierryChateau-Thierry on on June 3June 3rdrd & 4 & 4thth
German advance haltedGerman advance halted
German Offensive For VictoryGerman Offensive For Victory
German Assault at Reims –German Assault at Reims –
July 15, 1918July 15, 1918
Final German assaultFinal German assault
Allied lines held and Ferdinand Foch Allied lines held and Ferdinand Foch counterattacked 3 days latercounterattacked 3 days later
Allies pushed the Germans backAllies pushed the Germans back
Allied Offensive for VictoryAllied Offensive for Victory
Summer 1918 –Summer 1918 –
Foch ordered an entire Allied Foch ordered an entire Allied offensive of the western frontoffensive of the western front
Able to push deep into German Able to push deep into German territory for 3 monthsterritory for 3 months
Led by fresh American troopsLed by fresh American troops
American ContributionAmerican Contribution
Led attack at Saint-MihielLed attack at Saint-Mihiel
Pushed through German lines Pushed through German lines along the Meuse River through the along the Meuse River through the Argonne ForestArgonne Forest
American ContributionAmerican Contribution
Goal – Take French rail center SedanGoal – Take French rail center Sedan
= Battle of Argonne Forest= Battle of Argonne Forest
Suffered 120,000 casualtiesSuffered 120,000 casualties
By Nov. 1918 they occupied SedanBy Nov. 1918 they occupied Sedan
Germany SurrendersGermany Surrenders
Repeated shelling of Germany during Repeated shelling of Germany during the offensive took its tollthe offensive took its toll
German morale suffered German morale suffered
–Mutinies began to occur throughout Mutinies began to occur throughout the German army and navythe German army and navy
Germany SurrendersGermany SurrendersOct. 1918 –Oct. 1918 –
German chancellor asks Wilson for an German chancellor asks Wilson for an armisticearmistice
Nov. 9, 1918 –Nov. 9, 1918 –
Kaiser Wilhelm II gives up throneKaiser Wilhelm II gives up throne
Nov. 10, 1918 –Nov. 10, 1918 –
Germans arrive at Allied headquarters to Germans arrive at Allied headquarters to hear the terms of the armisticehear the terms of the armistice
Armistice TermsArmistice Terms
Germans must evacuate Alsace-Germans must evacuate Alsace-Lorraine, Belgium, France, and Lorraine, Belgium, France, and LuxembourgLuxembourg
Germans must surrender massive Germans must surrender massive amounts of military equipmentamounts of military equipment
Peace Conference set for January of Peace Conference set for January of 1919 in Paris1919 in Paris