World War I

Alliances

• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Italy

• Triple Entente – France– Great Britain– Russia

Nationalism

• Nationalism-devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation; patriotism.

• Proliferated by propaganda. • Used to get the masses excited for war.

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France Ferdinand Assassinated

• France Ferdinand was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary.

• Assassinated June, 28, 1914.

• By Serb Nationalist group “Black Hand”.

• The Spark of WW1.Public Domain

Ultimatum

• After the assassination Austria-Hungary declared an ultimatum on Serbia.

• Ultimatum says that the Serbian government was responsible for the assassination.

• Serbia declines this ultimatum; Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

Declaration of WarAustria-Hungary

*Arrows=Declared war on.*Before American Involvement.

SerbiaGermany RussiaGermany France

Britain Germany

Technology

• This war brought new technology such as…– Tanks– Planes – Artillery– Chemical

Warfare (Mustard Gas)

– Machine Guns Public Domain

Trench Warfare• Trench Warfare- Combat

in which each side occupies a system of protective trenches.– Conditions were

disgusting. – Soldiers often developed

“trench foot.”– These tactics created a

stalemate.– Was not a practical

strategy.

Diagram of a Trench

Demarco, Neil. The Great War. London, England: Hodder Twentieth Century History, 2004. Book.

America’s Neutrality

• President Wilson promoted peace.• Trade was good with Europe. • Purely a European issue. • This was soon to change…

War Provoking Actions

• Sinking of the Lusitania, 1915.

• Unrestricted submarine warfare, 1915.

• Zimmerman telegram, 1917.

Public Domain

American Entry

• America declares war on Germany April, 6, 1917.

• Came in after the Russians dropped out. • 200,000 new troops into the war. • Referred to as the “Dough Boys”.

Wilson’s 14 points• OPEN DIPLOMACY: No secret

treaties between powers.• FREEDOM OF NAVIGATION:

Seas free in peace and war.• COLONIES: People in European

colonies should have a say in their future.

Public domain

Wilson’s Points Continued…

• NATIONAL SELF DETERMINATION: European countries should be free.

• POLAND: Poland should be it’s own country.• LEAGUE OF NATIONS: Countries should come

together and diplomatize.

Public domain

Treaty of Versailles

• Decided post-WW1 Europe. • Blamed Germany for WW1. • First 26 clauses outlined the League of Nations.• The next 414 outlined Germany’s punishment.• Germany was planned to pay until 1986.

Overall Results

• The war ended 11/11/1918 at 11:00 a.m.• Austria-Hungary was broken up.• Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000.• 38,880,500 KIA;MIA;WIA combined both sides.

Public Domain

Citations http://dictionary.reference.com/http://www.harris-academy.com/departments/history/Trenches/GillianR/Gillian5.htmhttp://historyonthenet.com/WW1/remembrance.htm