1914-1918:

The Worldat War

1914-1918:

The Worldat War

Causesof theWar

Causesof theWar

Economic & Imperial Rivalries

Economic & Imperial Rivalries

Militarism Militarism means that the army and

military forces are given a high profile by the government. The growing European divide had led to an arms race between the main countries. The armies of both France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1914 and there was fierce competition between Britain and Germany for mastery of the seas

The German, Von Schlieffen also drew up a plan of action that involved attacking France through Belgium if Russia made an attack on Germany. 

Nationalism  Nationalism means being a strong

supporter of the rights and interests of one's country. Delegates from Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia (the winning allies) decided upon a new Europe that left both Germany and Italy as divided states.

The settlement at the end of the Franco-Prussian war left France angry at the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany and keen to regain their lost territory. Large areas of both Austria-Hungary and Serbia were home to differing nationalist groups, all of whom wanted freedom from the states in which they lived.

Problems in the Balkans (1906 – 1912)

Many different ethnicities in the Balkans

Wars to get Ottoman Empire out of Balkans

Conflicts over land disputes

Country borders do not take in Ethnic boundaries

Serbia wants 1) economic independence from A.H. 2) Greater Serbia Nation

Austria treats minority groups poorly

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand's Assassination, 28 June 1914

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on 28 June 1914, set in train a series of diplomatic events that led inexorably to the outbreak of war in Europe at the end of July 1914.

• Ferdinand - and his wife Sophie - were killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip while on a formal visit to Sarajevo.  Princip shot Ferdinand at point blank range while the latter was travelling in his car from a town hall reception, having earlier that day already survived one assassination attempt

Flashpoint

The First War

Austria gave Ultimatum to Serbia Sent an Ultimatum to Serbia on July 19th,

delivered July 23rd Serbs given 48 hours to respond Austria demands a large part of Serbia Serbia agrees to ALL except 1 key

element: Serbia refused to allow the involvement of

Austria in the investigation of the assassination within Serbia as this threatened Serbia’s sovereignty

AlliesBritain ( and its Empire )

FranceRussia

BelgiumItaly

USA( JOINED IN 1917)Serbia, Portugal

Japanand other minor participants

Central PowersGermany

Austria HungaryOttoman-Turkey

Bulgaria

Escalation to War

July 25th

Austria breaks off relations with SerbiaJuly 28th

A.H. declares war on SerbiaJuly 30th

Czar issues mobilization orderAugust 1st

Germans mobilize, declare war on RussiaAugust 3rd

France declares war on Germany Germany invades Belgium

August 4th

Great Britain declares war on Germany

Countdown to World War

June 1914 Franz Duke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne assassinated

28th July Austria Hungary declare war on Serbia. France and Russia back Serbia

30th July Britain and Russia mobilize forces

1st August Germany declares war on Russia

2nd August Germany invades Belgium, declares war on France

4th August Britain declares war on Germany

America

Joinsthe

Allies

America

Joinsthe

Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

In spite of America’s stern warning Germany continued use of submarines.

America declared war against Germany on 6th April 1917.

The central powers surrendered one by oneLast to surrender was Germany.

America’s entry

November 11, 1918November 11, 1918

The Big Four Leaders of World War I

Woodrow Wilson (USA)David Lloyd George (England)Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Georges Clemenceau (France)

19141919PEACE TREATY WAS SIGNED AT VERSAILLES

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Photographs

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War

Thank You

OMKAR PARANJAPE

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