WORLD RELIGIONS

Mr. Booth

World History

2017

5 Major Religions

Christianity

Islam

Judaism

Buddhism

Hinduism

+ Confucianism/Taoism

5 Categories of Religions

1. Monotheistic Belief in one God (Christianity, Islam, Judaism)

2. Polytheism Belief in more than one god (ex. Hinduism)

3. Non-theistic Does not worship any god (ex. Buddhism)

4. Atheism Belief there is no supernatural

5. Animism Worship of nature spirits (Native Americans)

Proselytize

To try and convert somebody to another religion

Why is it hard to argue religion and politics?

Religion and World Population

J. JESUS’ LIFE &

TEACHINGS IN NEW

TESTAMENT ( HOLY BIBLE)

Old testament – Jewish history, New Testament describes the teachings of Jesus Christ.

This verse in the New Testament reveals the fundamental teachings of Jesus:

“Me, what must I do to be saved?” And they said, “believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.”

-Acts 16:30-31

E. Early Church Councils made

doctrines (beliefs)

1.Jesus is God AND God’s son

2.Bible is the Word of God

3.Jesus died and rose from Dead (proves he is God)

4. Christians believe in the Trinity –

S. Second Monotheistic Religion

U. United under the Catholic

Church until 1517

In 1517, Martin Luther challenged to reform the church. Why? Selling of indulgences Unacceptance of Pope’s authority

The church split into eventually three major denominations:

1. Catholic 2. Protestant (30 different denominations)3. Orthodox.

S. Son of God = Jesus

Believe in him and you get to heaven or your salvation

Q: Where do Christians believe people go after death if they don’t believe in Jesus?

Read, but do not write below… Matthew 24:13 but he who stands firm to the end will be

saved. Mark 16:16 Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved,

but whoever does not believe will be condemned. Romans 10:9 That if you confess with your mouth, "Jesus is

Lord," and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.

Video Comprehension

T. = Jewish Holy

Book

Torah – First 5 books of Tanakhor book of Moses(Hebrew bible)

Basis of Judaism and written law

O. = Oh, Judaism was the first

influential monotheistic religion?

Why?

Question: Based on the video, why do you believe Judaism was the first monotheistic religion?

Source: Andrew Marr, History of the World, BBC

R. = Rules

1. Difference between the first four and last six?

2. Covenant defined

3. What are the terms of the covenant?

Other Rules

Diet – No pork, kosher

Cover your head out of respect and humility-Yarmulke

A. = Abraham = Founder and

father of the Hebrews

Old story…

Because of Abraham’s sacrifice, Hebrews could live in Canaan (now Israel) and be protected if they follow the ten commandments

They are the chosen people protected by God

H. = Hebrews most important city?

Jerusalem

• Place where Abraham was said to sacrifice his son• Site of the Second Temple of Jerusalem destroyed

by Romans in the year 70 C.E.• Only Western Wall is still standing

Judaism Video Questions

1. When was Israel created? How many live there today?

2. Why do Jews refer to Israel as the promised land?

3. What was the importance of Moses (2)?

The Beliefs of Islam =

ISLAMIC

I. = Islam’s Holy Book = Qu’ran

The book is the spiritual guide on matters of faith and practice for all Muslims.

114 Suras or Chapters

S. = Started in Middle East (Saudi

Arabia)

L. = Laws (5 Pillars of Islam)

1. Faith in Allah (God)There is no God but Allah

2. Prayer (Salat) (5 times daily toward Mecca)

3. AlmsResponsibility to support the less fortunate. You give money

to the poor (alms) through a religious tax.

4. Fasting during Ramadan - 2017 = 5/26 – 6/24They eat and drink nothing between dawn and sunset. A

simple meal is eaten at the end of the day

(Exception – elderly, very ill, or pregnant).

The duty of fasting reminds Muslims that they have “greater needs than bread.” What does this mean?

5. Pilgrimage (Hajj to Mecca)

A. = Allah

Allah = Islam name for God in Arabic

M. = Mohammad

While he was praying a voice called to him outside a cave in Mecca.

It was the archangel Gabriel

Mohammad was a 40 year old religious man

Lived between 570-632

After hearing this he was convinced of three things:1. Muhammad is the one and only prophet of Islam

2. There is only one God and he must teach people that –613 he does

3. Rich need to help out the poor

Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.”

Muslim means “one who has submitted.”

I. = Islam =

Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.”

Muslim means “one who has submitted.”

C. =Cities (holy): Mecca,

Medina, & Jerusalem

1. Mohammad was born in Mecca, but had to leave.

2. -Mohammad started Islam in Medina

3. Mohammad left for heaven (passed away) from Jerusalem

Importance of Jerusalem? C and J were worshipping one

God

Why? His followers and people in ME were worshipping many different gods or false idols.

Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem

C. Considering The Hajj:

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Kaaba or the “Cube” is in the center of the most sacred mosque in Islam called Al-Masjid al-Haram

It is believed that it was built by Abraham and his son Ishmael.

Muslims circle the Kaaba seven times, in a counter-clockwise fashion

It’s ritual symbolism of planetary motion and that Muslims are one with God.

Tradition of the Veil (Hijab)

1. What % of women in Egypt wear a veil?

2. What’s the difference between the hijab(veil) and the burqa?

3. Do you believe the veil(hijab) is a tool to silence women or is the tradition just being modest? Why or why not?

B. Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama

(Founder)

Buddha = Enlightened One

Enlightened means state of perfect wisdom

560-480 B.C.E.

U. = U NEED TO LEARN

COMPASSION FOR OTHERS

“You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view … until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.”

-Atticus Finch to his daughter Scout in “To Kill a Mockingbird”

Compassion is based on sympathy and empathy for others and all living things.

D. = Doctrine

The Four Noble Truths

1. Life is suffering and suffering exists(Physical, psych).

2. Desires make us suffer…???- Understand nature of desire

Desire can be good or bad. The bad selfishness and greed

3. End desires = end suffering…4. Middle Way; Moral discipline, balance,

and mindfulness.

D. = Doctrine /Follow 8-fold

path to enlightenment

-When enlightened one reaches nirvana…. The release from pain

and suffering achieved after enlightenment

There is no more reincarnation

Follow the rulesto get to nirvana

H. = Hey, Buddhism is founded

in India

Q: What other world religion was founded in India?

A: Hinduism

Q: Then why isn’t Buddhism the dominant religion in India?

A: No need to convert

A. = Asoka spread Buddhism to

China, Japan, SE Asia

Asoka (1st century leader of India)

“A soka you, A soka

you!”

How?

Sent

Missionaries

Buddhism spread hereAsoka’s super soka!

The Belief of Hinduism: KARMA

Hinduism

K. = Karma (Good or Bad Deeds)

Reincarnation

“Good Karma”= go UP caste system in next life

“Bad Karma”= go DOWN caste system in next life

Q. Why are certain body parts associated with certain occupations?

A. They are lined up in the same hierarchal order as the castes in terms of importance.

The 4 Major Castes

A. = All Hindus USED to live in

India’s Caste System: Strict Classes

Limited opportunities in the caste system Caste – Social status and law that

determines

1. who you can marry2. work you did3. who you can eat with However, in 1950, the Indian Gov.

outlawed the Caste system in India. But, are some groups still discriminated

against?

Untouchables – Trash collectors, butchers, gravediggers –

don’t touch them because they will endanger your ritual purity.

Former Caste System

In untouchability, Dalits have faced work and descent-based discrimination at the hands of the dominant castes.

1. Prohibition from eating with other caste members/separate utensils in restaurants.

2. Provision of separate glasses for Dalits in village tea stalls

3. Prohibition from entering into village temples

4. Prohibition from wearing sandals or holding umbrellas in front of higher caste members

5. Prohibition from entering other caste homes

6. Separate burial grounds

7. Segregation of Dalit children in schools

8. Sub-standard wages

9. Slave Labor

R. = Reincarnation = Rebirth

which is based on Karma

All living things have part of the same universal spirit in them.

M. = Many gods, Polytheistic

- Important gods in Hinduism according to

the Vedas(holy writings)

1. Brahma (Creator)

2. Vishnu (Protector)

3. Shiva (Destroyer)

Hindus are free today to choose the god they worship or none at all, however, family tradition may dictate what you do

They must choose among 3 paths to achieve moksha (perfect understanding)

1. Right thinking

2. Path of right action

3. Path of religious devotion

A. = All Hindus Want to End

Reincarnation

Discussion Questions

1. Where specifically, is the Ganges located (region/city)?

2. Hindus believe bathing in the Ganges is a profound spiritual experience. What two uses do Hindus believe the river provides?

3. One ritual for Hindus is to shave the heads of youth at least once. Why is the hair shaved?

Picture Recognition

Directions: Use your knowledge of this unit and world history to identify the picture by describing in detail what you see, the event taking place (if applicable) and explain why it’s significant in 2-3 sentences.

Painting 1

Setting is Mount Moriah, Jerusalem

Abraham's Sacrifice

Rembrandt van Rijn c. 1637

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5