World Population:7,244,272,280 (July 2014)

Active Mobile Phones: 7,300,000,000 (2014)

Unbanked: 2,500,000,000

Unbanked With Mobile Phones: 1,000,000,0000

International Migrant Workers:232,000,000 (2013)

International Remittances:542,000,000,000 (2013)Note: Does not include informal transfers.

USEFUL GLOBAL STATISTICS

Why Mobile Banking?

• Financial Inclusion

Unbanked

Disaster Relief

Conflict Zones

Mobile Financial Services Mobile Financial Information Services•Access data related to personal and/or general financial information

Mobile Banking & Securities Account •Electronic channel to access financial services to execute financial transactions relative to bank or securities accounts

Mobile Payment Services•Allows non-bank account holders to make payments, through a bank or non-bank entity (e.g. mobile operator, credit card company)

Mobile Money •Value stored on mobile phone or mobile phone account for the purpose of issuance, intermediation, multi-purpose use & and redemption of electronic money

M-Wallet

• Loaded with money prior to use via bank or loading partner

• Funds securely accessed from the mobile phone

• More convenient than Prepaid Cards

• Employers can pay salaries• Pay for goods or services or

transfer money through SMS or Near Field Communications (NFC)

“Teller’s Window”

Risk FactorsRisk Perceptions Risk Factors

Unknown IdentityFalse IdentificationSmurfing

Anonymity

Pooling & Delegation Elusiveness

Speed Rapidity

M-FS Providers Fall Outside of Regulations

Poor Oversight

M-PESA: The Gold Standard

• 2005 Pilot: Private-Public Partnership

• Launched in 2007• 2/3rds of Kenyan

adults utilize it• 25% of GDP

transactions

Future Developments

• 2016 Asia Positioned To Surpass Africa in Mobile Transactions

• Safaricom: Transitioning from being a wireless carrier with a M-Wallet to a wireless company with a full range of banking services

• M-Shwari New product associated with M-Pesa Establish interest bearing bank savings accounts without having to visit bank or fill out any forms Move money in and out of M-Shwari savings account to M-Pesa

account without charge Micro-credit anytime and receive loan instantly to M-Pesa account

What is M-Paisa? Secure, fast and cost effective way to move money using a Mobile phone

Targeted at the “unbanked” population

Transactions at an agent:Deposit Cash-Exchange cash for e-money

Withdraw Cash-Exchange e-money for cash

Anytime. Anywhere. Anyone.Receive and Repay Loans

Send/Receive Money

Buy Airtime

Receive salaries

Pay bills

Customer Does Not Need to Visit Agent

Customer Must use Agent

International Remittances

The World Bank

Will Mobile Finance Replace MSBs?

Hawaladars

• Inexpensive

• Efficient

• Reliable

Mobile Finance

• Inexpensive

• Efficient

• Reliable

Airtime = Currency

Process:

Code to unlock airtime is sent via text message.

Recipient trades the code for cash or goods, making airtime a virtual currency.

Besides being used to obtain cash or goods, there have been reported instances of airtime being used to pay small bribes too.

International Recharge (Top Up) Services

Mobile Money Remittance: Mobile minutes are a widely accepted and valuable form of currency in many countries.

Small Sums To Fund Terrorism• Westgate Mall (Kenya) Attack: 61 dead &

175 wounded• Annual Income in Somalia: $140.00• Daily Cost Per Al-Shabaab Soldier: $1.00• U.S. Fundraising:

– Two Minnesota women held a teleconference and obtained pledges from 21 people totaling $2,100.00

– Minnesota man created fake charity for Somali orphans and raised $1,500.00

– San Diego taxi driver raised $8,500.00– San Diego woman raised $1,450.00– St. Louis taxi driver raised $21,000.00

Potential Terrorist Finance Threat!

Taliban

Al-Shabaab

FATF Recommendations For Mobile Financial Services

• Licensing & Registration Process

• Customer Identification• Record Keeping• Internal Controls &

Monitoring

FATF Recommendations to Mobile Financial Services

Licensing & Registration Process• Basel Core Principles• Special Recommendations VI

(Alternative Remittances) “Each country should take measures to ensure that…legal entities, including agents, that provide a service for the transmission of money or value, including transmission through an informal money or value transfer system or network (mobile remittances) should be licensed or registered and subject to all the FATF recommendations that apply to banks and non-bank financial institutions”

Customer Identification• FATF Recommendation 5 Outlines CDD and KYC principles.

• FATF Recommendation 8 “Financial Institutions should pay special attention to any money laundering threats that may arise from new or developing technologies that might favor anonymity, and take measures, if needed, to prevent their use in money laundering scheme.”

FATF Recommendations to Mobile Financial Services

Record Keeping

• FATF Recommendation 10Requires financial institutions to maintain all

necessary records on domestic and international transactions for at least five years following the completion of the transaction.

Internal Controls & Monitoring

• FATF Recommendation 15Requires financial institutions (banks and

non-banks) to develop AML and CFT programs. These programs should include, among others, internal policies, procedures, and controls, including appropriate compliance management arrangements and an audit function to test the system.

QUESTIONS?